温控器Mk303适用说明(mk201温控器说明书)

1. mk201温控器说明书

大部分人认为学画画，认为需要学3-5年，但其实不是这样的。

新手入门画画只需要从简单的线条开始练习，感受光影，逐步进行形状与体积的练习，便可掌握画画的基础。

下面让我们一起来学习吧！

如何准备工具

方法一：

纸笔

推荐使用铅笔、自动铅笔。

常用品牌：樱花牌、斑马牌。常见规格：0.5mm，0.8mm。

笔芯：辉柏嘉、樱花牌

橡皮：辉柏嘉、樱花。推荐用可塑橡皮，手感很好。

纸：用A4纸即可，推荐80g的，比市面上常见的70g的手感更好。

方法二：

数位板+台式机

1、数位板推荐型号：wocam672，wocam 4100

压感：数位板的压感是敏感度，压感越大，敏感度越好。压感2048可以满足入门级要求、4096可以满足职业级要求。

2、防摔绳，建议配套防摔绳，这样可以让你的笔头不容易摔坏。

3、台式机&笔记本：32位的内存，intel i5以上的配套即可满足需求。

方法三：

iPad pro

1、IPad pro有优秀的便捷性，可以替代笔记本电脑。10.5英寸即可满足需求。

ipad+ipencle，可以直接用户绘画；ipad+数位板，ipad当做显示屏，数位板可以当做绘制工具；ipad+mac，可以把ipad当手绘板使用，mac作为显示屏

如何画好线条

画好线条，是画画的前提。初学者觉得线条难画，是由于刚接触绘画，熟练度不够，画不好是很正常的。随着这量和时间的积累会慢慢变得熟练。我们接下来来学习线条的概念和功能。

可参考视频：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1KL4y1W726/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

第一步：

学会画素线

素线，就是没有变化，干净清晰的单线。素线的绘画，在所有绘画场景应用中都是最基础的一环。绘画好了素线，才能让观众看清楚画的是什么。

步骤1

学会定点连线

画线，本质上是对两个点的链接。因此，我们需要首先确定两个点在哪里。

现拿点 a 到点 b 举例，如果先预判的点 a 与点 b 知道他们的位置，那么就能很清晰的连接点 a 与点 b。如果确定点 a但不太确定点 b， 那么就会变成第二条线，杂乱无章。 如果既无法确定点 a， 又无法确定点 b，就会变成第三条线。这两条线都不够清晰。

因此，需要学会预判画作，确定点位安排。

拓展一下，画一个形状，就是从点 a 到点 abcd， 最终到一幅画的定点连线。所以想画好线条，乃至于想画好一幅画，都要先进行预判，确定画面中所有点的关系。

步骤2

用石膏进行练习

初学者要先从石膏几何体学起，因为他点位明确，结构简单，这种练习需要练习六十小时左右，基本上就可以掌握。

步骤3

长线条的绘制

长线条的绘画建议使用接线练习法。接线的是指先打好草稿，然后再一小笔接小一笔地去绘制短线段，最后拼出一条长线条，这个技巧要注意的是上笔的尾线要有笔锋，这样接线时不容留出破绽。

小贴士：

其他练习方法

三笔定型法：在初学阶段有很多人会有蹭线的习惯，三笔定型法就是强迫自己先看到点位，再去作画，一笔试错两笔纠正，三笔确定超过三笔，就需要提醒一下自己自己是否进入了无脑般的机械作画状态。

画螺旋以、定点连线、画气字。这些练习非常适合在正式开画前或者自己平时无聊时。 练习三到五分钟，久而久之，就会提升手眼协调能力，以及手部的灵活度。

第二步：

学会画线条的强调性

线条具有强调总结的作用。在同样一组线条中加强某一段了，就会让你注意到它。

方法1：

从外至内线分层法

步骤1，以这个人物举例，在素线的基础上先去强调外轮廓。

步骤2，加强外轮廓之后，你会发现手部埋没在了细节里，无法一眼分辨，那么就需要加强手臂轮廓，让他在重度的线条中跳出称为比外轮廓线细比竖线粗的二级线。

步骤3，按照这个逻辑顺序，接着往下做图。 从外到内，手臂的装饰肯定没有外轮廓和手臂重要，所以接着降级为三级线，直到最后剩下素线。绘画完成。

方法2：

线条的视觉引导

加粗的线条，会引导观众的目光，让他们去关注你想让他们关注的地方。

以画一个人为例，你的主视觉停留是在头手脚上，其次是关节，至于直来直去的手臂与腿部都是一晃而过，不会过多关注。所以我们的线条也应该多在这些视觉停留的点多做文章。首先肯定是将外轮廓加重，同时也加重转折处于关节处以及头手脚，以达到强调和视觉停留的目的。

方法3：

学会用线条提现光影

光的强弱与力量感，也可以通过线条的粗细来表现，比如在光强的地方和有张力的事物上，把线条画得细。一些受重力垂坠影响的物体，承受重力的位置笔触重一些。绘画时将他们组合运用，会让线条显得高级。

拿人物举例，在素线的基础上，去观察人体。由于上眼皮、鼻翼、唇线、下巴都有投影，需要加重一下，从而体现观感。另外脸部一些转折是骨头，比较重要，也需要加重强调一下。这样效果就会比素线稿好很多。

拿肌肉来举例，把膨胀的肌肉中间处，画得薄一点来体现肌肉张力。这是美漫经常使用的方法

第三步：开始正式绘画

步骤1：绘制线稿

这一步可以随意一些，大致画出你想要的形状。

步骤2：绘制精草

用三笔定型法去绘制精草。这一步要注意不要出现粗细等长的蹭线，不然等到绘画成稿时，无法确定哪一根是正确线条。动笔之前先动了三思而后行。草稿阶段要绘制完所有的正确线，才能算绘制完毕。

步骤3：丰富线的内容

确定了线的级别。首先加重了外轮廓、接着去加粗转折部分，比如裤脚的位置。再去加粗一下投影的区域，体现一下光感。画到这里，你的线稿基本就算合格了。

练习：线条临摹练习

平时适合临摹学习的画师，推荐爱德华吉顿、鸟山明以、金政基这三位前辈的线稿，基本上是万能线。建议临摹一百张以上。

如何画形状

第一步：认识形

简单地说，画形状是将三维世界通过我们人眼转化为二维画面写在纸上。绘画就是画形状。画面中的形并不只有我们所谓的客观物品，而是二维化的形状拼接。

视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1G5411n7dM/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

第二步：确定形

方法一：阴阳型

这个是一个万金油工具。我们可以把任何一个画面拆分为阴形，阳形，用这两个形状，来互相辩证画面是否正确。

方法二：九宫格起型法

将一幅画打上格子，在另外一个同样格子的图纸中，按照坐标一格一格的画，就可以把一幅画临摹出来。

第三步：画准形

步骤1：用阴阳型画法。画出线条，区分出画面整体的阴形和阳形。

步骤2：继续用阴阳型画法，用先大后小的原则，将大块的形状划分出来。

步骤3：用九宫格画法，开始绘制细节。找到鼻子、嘴角、眼角这些转折，画上定型点位。 画完转折点后，整幅画对比一下，调节一下相对位置，就得了准确的形状。

步骤4：把转折点连接成素线。

步骤5：补充上阴形的颜色填充，绘画完毕。

如何画体积

视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

在二维平面画出三维感的方法，称之为透视。严格来说，透视可以归类为数学。

常见的绘画中，会通过物品遮挡来表达体积感。

另外，近大远小也是常见的透视方法。

其次是，近实远虚。

最后，是近疏远密，如图。

第一步：学习什么是视平线

要进行绘画，首先我们要知道什么是视中线，视平线和地平线。

视平线，就是我们眼睛正视前方的水平线。

当视中线、和视频线重合时与我们的眼睛保持水平中立，这种情况叫做平视。

当我们向下看时，视线脱离视平线向下，这就是俯视。从眼睛处延伸一条直射于眼睛正在看到的场景。这条线我们称之为是视中线。

当我们向上看时，也就是视中线会跟着眼睛一起水平向上脱离视平线，这就是仰视、

视中线，是我们的目之所及，会跟着我们的眼睛变化而变化。视平线始终水平，位于眼部位置，它是界定仰视与俯视的一把水平。总的来说，视平线会将画面切割，视平线上便是是仰视。视平线下方便是俯视。

第二步：学会绘制一点透视

一点透视，又称平行透视。一点透视只能画出正面朝向你的一面，它是与你的视线平行的。

步骤1：画出视平线

我们要首先画出视频线，因为我们要确定一个方形平视还是仰视或是俯视，都需要我们的视频线作为标识。

步骤2：画出正面的形状

正面是不会产生形变的，因为它是正面对着你、如果你看到是一个方，那么它就是一个方。

步骤3：找到消失点

这个集中消失的点，我们叫它消失点，就像刚才演示一样，当你看到一个大正面对其他面都是慢慢消失一点

步骤4：连接点与消失点

连接消失点，画出物品的厚度

常用工具1：X工具

X工具的用途是用来找到方形的中点。如图我们看到方形a， 现在我们来看到对角线得到中心点b。 这样同理可用无限循环，找到每一个方形的中点。

在平面中相等，那么在透视中一样相等。因此我们在一个斜着的方形中画对角线，也可以找到在透视中的方形的中点。

常用工具2：N工具

如果我们想在透视中画出间隔相等的物体，那么就需要这个N工具。

步骤1：首先我们确定我们想要的间距，画出垂线，这就是距离最近方形的第一条边。

步骤2：先用X工具，连接原有方形的对角线，这样就找到这个方形的中点。

步骤3：从方形的中点，画出一条与透视线平行的线，与方形的边相交得到了点A。

步骤4：然后我们再从方形的端点B，延伸到点A，相较于透视线，得到了点C。

步骤5：从点C出发。画一条与透视线垂直的线，我们就画出来了两个完全相同的方形。重复如此，可以得到多个相同的等距方形。

在平面中可以这么复制，在透视中也同理。 因为连接点很像是字母N，所以称之为N工具。

小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范

我们来尝试画一个有许多柱子和吊灯的走廊。

步骤1：我们首先利用N工具来画柱子。确定了柱子之间的间距相同，可以画出多个柱子。

步骤2：然后用X工具来画等。确定每一点灯都在格子中间部位。

步骤3：接下来添加一些细节，就完成绘画了。

常用工具3：对角线消失点

我们在绘画固定大小的方格时，使用这个方法。

步骤1：确定视平线，与视平线上的消失点A。

步骤2：接着按照一点透视，连接消失点与方形的端点，确定方格大小。

步骤3：从方形画出对角线，延伸至视平线交叉，得到了对角线消失点B。

步骤4：从方形边角连接点 b ，得到了交叉点 c 和 d 。

步骤5：从消失点连接点d，且贯穿。从点 c 出发，横向平行画出平线线。我们就得到了在透视中完全相同的四个方形。

步骤6：重复这个步骤，我们就会得到无数个相同方形。

步骤7：间隔填上颜色，就画出了一个铺好的地板，我们可以把它翻转得到天花板。

第二步：两点透视

两点透视，特点就是我们人的视线不再和物体平行，而是物体总有一个转折角对着我们。

视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

步骤1：还是先画出视平线。确定消失点H和L。

步骤2：画出一条垂直线。从这条线的两个端点出发，向两个消失点连线，我们就得到了方程的两个侧面

步骤3：找到顶点R和K，与消失点点连接支线。R连接H，K连接L。 这样我们就得到一个完整的两点透视方形。

步骤4：其他角度均是如此。记住，所有的消失点都消失于 hl 两个消失点。

第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现

我们画画时，大部分不可能那么巧都是纯粹的两点透视、一点透视，大部分情况都会同时出现。一点透视和两点透视，一般都是共同同一条视平线。接下来我们来学习怎么画出两种透视同时存在的情况。

步骤1：画出视平线，确定多个消失点。一个画面可以有多个消失点，但是切记视平线要始终保持不变，且只有一条。

步骤2：按照上述教过的方法，画出多个不同的物体。

两点透视中的X工具

1、画出视平线

2、X工具却确定中点

3、连接中点与消失点，就可以平分长方体

两点透视中的对角线消失工具，与一点透视同理

示范练

第四步：三点透视

三个测试是应用在极仰和极的视角中。即是否有明显的抬头，或者低头的画面中。

三点透视，有三个消失点，会形成一个三角形。正三角形是仰视，倒三角形是俯视。

三点透视的特点

一点透视、两点透视的纵轴是垂直的，只有横轴在变化。三点和两点一点的区别在于，三点的纵轴垂直线不再是平行，而是相交于一点，形成了三个消失点。

N、X、对角线三工具还是同理、区别在于也是不再具有纵轴垂直线，而是全部相交于纵轴的消失点。

第五步，正式开始作画

步骤1：画出视平线

步骤2：应用对角线消失点画出地板

步骤3：画出人体脚底板的位置，按照透视来确定脚的位置，可以避免人物浮空或者空间错位

步骤4：接着画人体。把人体当做好几个几何体的组成，用N工具来确定人体大比例

步骤5：人体细节完善，画出线条、衣物、头发、包等。

步骤6：同理画出其他物品，如小轿车。

练习：简单几何体练习

熟悉透视之后，需要进行几何体多角度翻滚练习。

建议每天画一百个左右，坚持两周即可。如果你时间不对，也可以每天画10~20个，需要坚持2-3个月左右。

方形翻滚作画示例

十字方翻滚多角度作画示例

方和圆组合翻滚多角度示例

方和圆翻滚

练习：物体/物体几何练习

接下来我们把难度升级，物体组合练习。我们要将物体转换成几何体，接着再练习方形的翻滚一样，让我们的物体翻滚起来，练习多角度绘画强迫自己在脑中建立三 d 模型的感觉，去考虑同一物体不同角度的形状特点和体积变化。这样的组合练习也需要1~2个月左右（每天如果只有1-2小时，需要练习3~4个月的时间）。

推荐图书

视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aZ4y1k7ze/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

1、《像艺术家一样思考》

2、《透视画法入门》，建议整本通读，每篇都进行临摹

3、《贝蒂的色彩》

4、《FIGURE DRAWING》

5、《动态素描·人体结构》。通篇阅读，整本临摹。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CuIadOq46oeOswxayo7cKSUUn9f"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"大部分人认为学画画，认为需要学3-5年，但其实不是这样的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqhtwRKPfJbeqLc6Vcw3dBc"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"新手入门画画只需要从简单的线条开始练习，感受光影，逐步进行形状与体积的练习，便可掌握画画的基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2p4eK7DQc5WTJZmg40fB4e"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面让我们一起来学习吧！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqCAjosaqrs69QYog88Y8Td"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDX4wMoe1Yi6D6ttkJQlkrh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何准备工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWMOxKHqBaxC6ecgmCCiWYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntgCdwVm8ke5FPkoStp2glc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"纸笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnd9gTOkfB9uF9jtVG9orIyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐使用铅笔、自动铅笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJPmVfWydzgjrcqdKJLQHQ9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用品牌：樱花牌、斑马牌。常见规格：0.5mm，0.8","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"mm","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhJlo1CwjMcrSW9APzWXIj5"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":618,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3a22c3c8b19f40ea861909355be7530f","width":1780},"text":"","id":"doxcnERzNY5StM814GCj32d2Mze"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":610,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/73e99e0c0b7c47a9a2f50b67b70b2434","width":1658},"text":"","id":"doxcn8YmXouC54AokD30YNgkojh"}],"text":"","id":"doxcn02rNudrvvbB34maqtqMhIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔芯：辉柏嘉、樱花牌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn02rNudrvvbB34maqtqMhIc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":846,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0e9faec6c6644abb94d20923311d65ee","width":1018},"text":"","id":"doxcnUeP1t9ygiDhUFx4XWKscbc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":670,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8eee75e52c114193b8fc7fa44a78a623","width":784},"text":"","id":"doxcnLqHvVHqVUJZywkzAbu2mVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"橡皮：辉柏嘉、樱花。推荐用可塑橡皮，手感很好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2QQrlze2j5nw0nbk8OR73d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸：用A4纸即可，推荐80g的，比市面上常见的70g的手感更好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIEAxjjZQHxKODZHtjAHzeb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法二：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGYNGOzZv0BXraqbIRurwwl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"数位板+台式机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhr2FFGhWbt8f9PCruVRkxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、数位板推荐型号：wocam672，wocam 4100","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG8aWrBa6hg91Srj3IKrjNa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"压感：数位板的压感是敏感度，压感越大，敏感度越好。压感2048可以满足入门级要求、4096可以满足职业级要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhiZBA1lMJXELhpqF5cIFnc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":642,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法二：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/62198e45791a4266a1de64d201b28ea2","width":1436},"text":"","id":"doxcnvrVo2AyJkGrHtjAo2svr1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、防摔绳，建议配套防摔绳，这样可以让你的笔头不容易摔坏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKiTUpRUZWvJ3TinWypgFog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、台式机\u0026笔记本：32位的内存，intel i5以上的配套即可满足需求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6RFY8IWFWXb0p6YXY7jWpb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法三：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4NkCCtqWRvzeHWEdiPoIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"iPad pro","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoedH5QPr73Hgg6I8XgYYXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、IPad pro有优秀的便捷性，可以替代笔记本电脑。10.5英寸即可满足需求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3165CewvgsZCZ8NlFktRKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ipad+ipencle，可以直接用户绘画；ipad+数位板，ipad当做显示屏，数位板可以当做绘制工具；ipad+mac，可以把ipad当手绘板使用，mac作为显示屏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJgEqOL809qyI7RPsZyl9Fe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":538,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法三：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4b5888b45af249fd985fac38596fbf41","width":948},"text":"","id":"doxcnXNhAsGRmMjDBJjWsYyKRMb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画好线条","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIPMJWS4oKdn8ogTgyYf0oh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画好线条，是画画的前提。初学者觉得线条难画，是由于刚接触绘画，熟练度不够，画不好是很正常的。随着这量和时间的积累会慢慢变得熟练。我们接下来来学习线条的概念和功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpH0Shag5PSDth7RsJt1KOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可参考视频：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1KL4y1W726/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1KL4y1W726/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S6Modsqk2oekysxmyLbcQxSSnnd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmlHCCcEnrpkbBBHAXS9qph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会画","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"素线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7QVIPS3OfyuxgTsUXNyyMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素线，就是没有变化，干净清晰的单线。素线的绘画，在所有绘画场景应用中都是最基础的一环。绘画好了素线，才能让观众看清楚画的是什么。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5HLXZm732C6Lv7eJ5JmXcg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3upxtPqhc0w4pgs5iX0TSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会定点连线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYE0B5bP74CeJYm8j8NipSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画线，本质上是对两个点的链接。因此，我们需要首先确定两个点在哪里。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYVutbLBq3avmQ6TgsQ7N2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现拿点 a 到点 b 举例，如果先预判的点 a 与点 b 知道他们的位置，那么就能很清晰的连接点 a 与点 b。如果确定点 a但不太确定点 b， 那么就会变成第二条线，杂乱无章。 如果既无法确定点 a， 又无法确定点 b，就会变成第三条线。这两条线都不够清晰。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI2szzYWkLVm6M4m1lYE8Ze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因此，需要学会预判画作，确定点位安排。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniFqqeek4Mo9spsECjo1Goc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":730,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/da21593bdc784db9ad5be4c31578657b","width":1172},"text":"","id":"doxcne4lxsXWR7akIDtRth0b4nh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拓展一下，画一个形状，就是从点 a 到点 abcd， 最终到一幅画的定点连线。所以想画好线条，乃至于想画好一幅画，都要先进行预判，确定画面中所有点的关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn06s3oxHrDqGJ4uOdoSJlng"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/aecda2a4f7a54a4fb7a81a35aa2aafeb","width":1900},"text":"","id":"QYcCde4iUocI2ixKcIWcsIW0nme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPwCEu1XM0yjbESvgoiQVSg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnv7ItulnBamq8ZXEg37KkWc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTRPBubLlV8h31md4b2NO5d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"用石膏进行练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9hBoxRSb3HztTM9DXZ4O1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学者要先从石膏几何体学起，因为他点位明确，结构简单，这种练习需要练习六十小时左右，基本上就可以掌握。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjyV26GXOq5xB98jeIMLcah"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c1474d85788545acbd6b9d1486a4f305","width":1900},"text":"","id":"PSeAdggGqo68MgxSiX8cOx5Vn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWlO0iDq7zfVWtwtVeFv0rk"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntCQnNUlWZlZhtTb5iPQVwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"长线条的绘制","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCsGKR2X3Jeve6c0DPO0I9a"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"长线条的绘画建议使用接线练习法。接线的是指先打好草稿，然后再一小笔接小一笔地去绘制短线段，最后拼出一条长线条，这个技巧要注意的是上笔的尾线要有笔锋，这样接线时不容留出破绽。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3O8JNYXQKRA1vSPzUNevEg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/859b198df7ae4c19a78753d7574f411f","width":1900},"text":"","id":"W8K2dUsSOogssOxYrAZcgwqoncf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQOEjEbAHrd4ixWGj5OGKab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"其他练习方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng1eMXLE921t8HsKK5RykGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三笔定型法：在初学阶段有很多人会有蹭线的习惯，三笔定型法就是强迫自己先看到点位，再去作画，一笔试错两笔纠正，三笔确定超过三笔，就需要提醒一下自己自己是否进入了无脑般的机械作画状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsLhjEWwKUxkrBG7isn7ELh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d64d184338fa482794f55d5d5c254847","width":1900},"text":"","id":"JIYwd4saYoyOcOxbyJNclXBWnKx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画螺旋以、定点连线、画气字。这些练习非常适合在正式开画前或者自己平时无聊时。 练习三到五分钟，久而久之，就会提升手眼协调能力，以及手部的灵活度。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn75BSzbncQ7EfjuqKDpjPcd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ab71b3e88614b81a2fef2d986ae4983","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Ra0sd8KUUoguIyxmyRdcwWtsnqh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/11f54b01dc6e4baf8c8204a6ff6b0782","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Km8Edm0I4oWmAQxOiincE2Fmntg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/11f54b01dc6e4baf8c8204a6ff6b0782","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Km8Edm0I4oWmAQxOiincE2Fmntg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e00653ec71764b2d8e5b0aabef5fd09c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Ew20d6As4oKqSaxY7zWcw2IBn1c"}],"text":"","id":"UQOcdU8qSoCUGaxgVAPc1dErneO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UQOcdU8qSoCUGaxgVAPc1dErneO"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDS6DrilGnJuB38zB84z1kc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会画线条的强调性","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmMlJsWlP321PRSvxS7A5Ge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"线条具有强调总结的作用。在同样一组线条中加强某一段了，就会让你注意到它。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQEN5C0IFiQ1rW6hHUrbP6e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法1：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQko8DAkqiiSGcddElCOWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"从外至内线分层法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMottVWR4ogcs0mrxn9ncXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1，以这个人物举例，在素线的基础上先去强调","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"外轮廓","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn253ghDRZdQhUZUjWpzlGMW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2，加强外轮廓之后，你会发现手部埋没在了细节里，无法一眼分辨，那么就需要加强手臂轮廓，让他在重度的线条中跳出称为比外轮廓线细比竖线粗的","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二级线","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRdYp8yjRl7uj4ReoS8D4ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3，按照这个逻辑顺序，接着往下做图。 从外到内，手臂的装饰肯定没有外轮廓和手臂重要，所以接着降级为","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三级线","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，直到最后剩下素线。绘画完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRrnIfXLI7ZIWBPWCTcJKhe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法1：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7bbfb71cc616414e8bbabab65e22a373","width":1900},"text":"","id":"FKmydC8QcoQqwgx7yeVc043gnHP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法2：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7dNLLaS6d4sGu2fOGxni3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"线条的视觉引导","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnptIRRefu5irwrseR9tinKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"加粗的线条，会引导观众的目光，让他们去关注你想让他们关注的地方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWG8Z4Og9HcV3qYdyCJOq1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以画一个人为例，你的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"主视觉","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"停留是在头手脚上，其次是关节，至于直来直去的手臂与腿部都是一晃而过，不会过多关注。所以我们的线条也应该多在这些视觉停留的点多做文章。首先肯定是将外轮廓加重，同时也加重转折处于关节处以及头手脚，以达到强调和视觉停留的目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndYDkmnTkOAUL9DiPpoRUwg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法2：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/102d5f8660294705a07c2f09898cd82e","width":1900},"text":"","id":"OGMkdKqKkoi0cIxIZfyc8d63nhc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNmTodJWXnl1e2i7lDatCsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会用线条提现光影","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYN4oTRlPhAE3RnqMPmPFaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"光的强弱与力量感，也可以通过线条的粗细来表现，比如在光强的地方和有张力的事物上，把线条画得细。一些受重力垂坠影响的物体，承受重力的位置笔触重一些。绘画时将他们组合运用，会让线条显得高级。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFJvB6N8GQQGsTDhYkQWo7e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":670,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8d5c2038252246939af149a77af0f34a","width":1164},"text":"","id":"doxcnWleCxZi1OdgW5YTG5AmyYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5O5n8CiPYgQUWRwq92Ut4c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":544,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a27bcae5434456186ea43a50e9c8136","width":964},"text":"","id":"doxcniWRJ0owz1YvutXbOOnxmtg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":936,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cd1e9eb2a1434c86b71a733c751b52dd","width":958},"text":"","id":"doxcn5PWezIKsaIIjozTiBZO0oe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":746,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/580461fa883841578f0941ad514707ce","width":1832},"text":"","id":"doxcnqc4ajvS5pt8E5RppNEx80d"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx5je3YmzcxdDnfrJAe69Rb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx5je3YmzcxdDnfrJAe69Rb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拿人物举例，在素线的基础上，去观察人体。由于上眼皮、鼻翼、唇线、下巴都有","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"投影","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，需要加重一下，从而体现观感。另外脸部一些转折是骨头，比较重要，也需要加重强调一下。这样效果就会比素线稿好很多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZWnlKETFNeWZXwjihMA1lh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0508fa7fc99a4b9e9c0fc0b164d0c02c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Fa22deAWeoyKqkxeIXic4xjlnFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拿肌肉来举例，把膨胀的肌肉中间处，画得薄一点来体现肌肉张力。这是美漫经常使用的方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR2g0huA4yHYrZnE7qzTQcG"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b25ba6f409954ecda857840ec589fc9e","width":1900},"text":"","id":"P6MAdoseSoMue8xCibscub1wnse"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：开始正式绘画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBFwi8VpHqn6bWqFRm5eTrb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：绘制线稿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfyN8VNRc0m847788RigoFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这一步可以随意一些，大致画出你想要的形状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaQ23GSoymLCFhy9y3FV6Gh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：绘制精草","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnri6fol2oRgyTbopTrryqzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用三笔定型法去绘制精草。这一步要注意不要出现粗细等长的蹭线，不然等到绘画成稿时，无法确定哪一根是正确线条。动笔之前先动了三思而后行。草稿阶段要绘制完所有的正确线，才能算绘制完毕。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFJQnvo53qbTjVXsddxSXUb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：丰富线的内容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPTFp6xQnBOCJaghxazJGEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"确定了线的级别。首先加重了外轮廓、接着去加粗转折部分，比如裤脚的位置。再去加粗一下","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"投影","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的区域，体现一下光感。画到这里，你的线稿基本就算合格了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq5NZH4AstNLFU1X1bubvLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DwuQdS46goocUCxgD3Xc7Q0enNe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":984,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：丰富线的内容","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/32c54bbf585d4734ad0e5e326357833f","width":1784},"text":"","id":"doxcny8D9IFSWUNZYweGy63bKBc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：线条临摹练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGSGwwNR6HJtFo70ir5eyib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平时适合临摹学习的画师，推荐爱德华吉顿、鸟山明以、金政基这三位前辈的线稿，基本上是万能线。建议临摹一百张以上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHTE4jtGSspClSuo0w8KfWc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":936,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：线条临摹练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/432b738bef504a6b928039cbaf89c162","width":1578},"text":"","id":"doxcnWP7Mfuar7FGFSTMbnLWkGf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR2DqUoQRO8weH3vcCRaU4f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画形状","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnP7UNLSEwT8AGfEOZ0jRwve"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：认识形","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8y5ZJmFPv3yYCaaXWj0eBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单地说，画形状是将三维世界通过我们人眼转化为二维画面写在纸上。绘画就是画形状。画面中的形并不只有我们所谓的客观物品，而是二维化的形状拼接。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpjINqFRyEEcoWgNo6ZvXFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1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画完转折点后，整幅画对比一下，调节一下相对位置，就得了准确的形状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE2xBh570iGPgdwXmu2Mwue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：把转折点连接","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"成素","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWoWzGvFwr9HMOKGI5I0fBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5：补充上阴形的颜色填充，绘画完毕。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneffRH5HA5daVdWT3O5Yvgz"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":912,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：画准形","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b1e1597935fc47669dc22fc95274b4b4","width":1764},"text":"","id":"doxcnjAPDAb2lnKDU59Fnh1f8ec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOn8McpULDUS3cuhOR4WpDc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAUnmDgBaHvkpJdeTsw6KDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JcmadesgMoyKWOxu8cKcpzv5njb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在二维平面画出三维感的方法，称之为透视。严格来说，透视可以归类为数学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOWRt9jCGXINl2fdR8gcoBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常见的绘画中，会通过物品遮挡来表达体积感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXBIKnsHp6PsyHXMqKlTi5e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":924,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e09bb13f16e049309252cdb64fc1db14","width":1834},"text":"","id":"doxcncCK9CeKLdc45LrFwzYZNSb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":956,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d979092b1b594918ba8c82515552e52a","width":1708},"text":"","id":"doxcnnPUun3hTXFRLEZR2fXGGBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另外，近大远小也是常见的透视方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnv7cpg9DgdR8Snt3zISE2Xc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":802,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/85a6662dbd08431f894732d840ced988","width":1522},"text":"","id":"doxcnaI3FPtoGflxcqiNHKw2JOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其次是，近实远虚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk1NzxQrkaJE4yqpRHrJLch"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":986,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/432038b07c9e4330894ff18a79e74777","width":1766},"text":"","id":"doxcncAW9SESTQMw9mcpX2nyNuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最后，是近疏远密，如图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMlrr6exfpvUUl9jFt8uCrb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":796,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/93b104139dc84e41a92f8c9dcaf50fc2","width":1536},"text":"","id":"doxcnpxmbBicmkBUlzgF9a0uFOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn55FFcubKJaOtdd6mCspkbe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaVisobxoO9DfBSCiPsjaXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要进行绘画，首先我们要知道什么是视中线，视平线和地平线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlaW65TeotfHRdnq2qsLBjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视平线，就是我们眼睛正视前方的水平线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR95QaxF3KKi7LFe2tHWXUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当视中线、和视频线重合时与我们的眼睛保持水平中立，这种情况叫做平视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkc7RHIPcqK5J9VaMBZ2nyg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":934,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/16ac05e64a514f9f9a80a684c158e620","width":1876},"text":"","id":"doxcnKmvZId33H19PU6R2MWuUrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当我们向下看时，视线脱离视平线向下，这就是俯视。从眼睛处延伸一条直射于眼睛正在看到的场景。这条线我们称之为是视中线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaAEJuEF48WG9vgFnpEIjnd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":782,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/675baa2196aa4d9c8214e7682bf7a5b3","width":1828},"text":"","id":"doxcnA7Wg6Dd2oofvNRQPmaNCy5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当我们向上看时，也就是视中线会跟着眼睛一起水平向上脱离视平线，这就是仰视、","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2LunGZaPwqWk3l9T3QHm1c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":916,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d904eb50f2c44705921d92f72487f83f","width":1790},"text":"","id":"doxcnAl7ORH7ltBfROQVCIwsLCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视中线，是我们的目之所及，会跟着我们的眼睛变化而变化。视平线始终水平，位于眼部位置，它是界定仰视与俯视的一把水平。总的来说，视平线会将画面切割，视平线上便是是仰视。视平线下方便是俯视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhPXYiRXGmH5zOirtERR3Bd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":904,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9530dda7521f4c559710dc1db8550bed","width":1458},"text":"","id":"doxcnkwGwQtBg6v4IHNx5J8xKEf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：学会绘制一点透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngVTUHmFyTnJ8w5qUORfJ2f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":906,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：学会绘制一点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6128873f46034c51b05ec16342ef406b","width":1654},"text":"","id":"doxcn4kMjL8euNUkrc1DQJtMLRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GayudQmqQoGgwOxuMF2c6HD8nob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一点透视，又称平行透视。一点透视只能画出正面朝向你的一面，它是与你的视线平行的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnipbmLlXFDwpvEVhrECcO4e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：画出视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbaOwjjbyhCjKSOQob46Fyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们要首先画出视频线，因为我们要确定一个方形平视还是仰视或是俯视，都需要我们的视频线作为标识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnctRqD2HdXEHFPYvat02qBh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：画出正面的形状","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ9MRy23VNni7eSImBbw3yb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正面是不会产生形变的，因为它是正面对着你、如果你看到是一个方，那么它就是一个方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2GedoGeHdHaziCm5T9rxVd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：找到消失点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnD3PrC0wi5ECTRnI90FGcob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个集中消失的点，我们叫它消失点，就像刚才演示一样，当你看到一个大正面对其他面都是慢慢消失一点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTbJC0o2YZLTWIEQmBtLurC"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：连接点与消失点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzlvd1VXYURilzjYofYZ0Lb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"连接消失点，画出物品的厚度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbs4ygHhFGDiSScPhtk4bQf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：连接点与消失点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/391f8e2400754ff68a68a90f4e5bcf14","width":1900},"text":"","id":"MwOyday2IoGOWCxk1c9cjcI1nub"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWKQBLa5IPVWmJ6KC9LkfLf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具1：X工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXnmi8tI8hqQxA85x2QqbId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"X工具的用途是用来找到方形的中点。如图我们看到方形a， 现在我们来看到对角线得到中心点b。 这样同理可用无限循环，找到每一个方形的中点。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnThbyvwwaDqL3nWU9fj9eac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在平面中相等，那么在透视中一样相等。因此我们在一个斜着的方形中画对角线，也可以找到在透视中的方形的中点。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0RdYuJ49ZSKdZB5kRW4Rjf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具1：X工具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/023e2769a1cd448ebdd12d286213ecf0","width":1900},"text":"","id":"UOkod2mwWoumSkxiw2wcYYdwnTb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具2：N工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn19zUExyW6bcBe4GdI70UIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果我们想在透视中画出间隔相等的物体，那么就需要这个N工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3z5kWk6oP6X8b4tc2UA6uf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：首先我们确定我们想要的间距，画出垂线，这就是距离最近方形的第一条边。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFWVX7BDX9SPdc1n08lbREg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：先用X工具，连接原有方形的对角线，这样就找到这个方形的中点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQZzi3KgqkcHZzFI8cbT43"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：从方形的中点，画出一条与透视线平行的线，与方形的边相交得到了点A。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnksuspRImMzxpiG6UR0FVwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：然后我们再从方形的端点B，延伸到点A，相较于透视线，得到了点C。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl2NkFLefCKPdaveHsJ1Guf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5：从点C出发。画一条与透视线垂直的线，我们就画出来了两个完全相同的方形。重复如此，可以得到多个相同的等距方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneJTW9Y9FQfTQt0kN44dnDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在平面中可以这么复制，在透视中也同理。 因为连接点很像是字母N，所以称之为N工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrJcgFoiGnv81eNMcFbItZc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具2：N工具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/928994deaccf48729156cb827f61d872","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Gyoed4G2ioQ6wSxidhrcYVOXn1x"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAOoCH7T8x1miUwaGISKE5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们来尝试画一个有许多柱子和吊灯的走廊。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxpLVJ4pbTgkQkHT6V8415f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：我们首先利用N工具来画柱子。确定了柱子之间的间距相同，可以画出多个柱子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5nJx77DLNQCjEEApKqqtJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：然后用X工具来画等。确定每一点灯都在格子中间部位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnh0BaVzIxlzxHTzIm4lNk9q"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：接下来添加一些细节，就完成绘画了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVu7UHpbUZzjThbidK3LWke"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6dfdb2673c234abb8f8a68beca5bc927","width":1900},"text":"","id":"AA4Uduy6eo2migxiWeDcTsEfn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具3：对角线消失点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniypOVvW1ELhsN25lwk11Pe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们在绘画固定大小的方格时，使用这个方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDSdnjr64EKxLWyeqAaV6JL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：确定视平线，与视平线上的消失点A。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRa0gsRVuQ56iEzn4tXxeZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：接着按照一点透视，连接消失点与方形的端点，确定方格大小。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncQp5vyb1SJevU3lZ1ucMsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：从方形画出对角线，延伸至视平线交叉，得到了对角线消失点B。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE0n2zGHzU1An7uLp1kF7Td"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2d94ca0fb8a64cb899b22752f805e1f6","width":1900},"text":"","id":"DWQydGKMwoaGIQxqQv1cLCK4nfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：从方形边角连接点 b ，得到了交叉点 c 和 d 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9LQwZbAxDXUZYpXiBqbSlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/efa67ace8c3545e4a1c56ece5bf56ffc","width":1900},"text":"","id":"XYC8dyeagoumAMxQlr5cYMPrnng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5：从消失点连接点d，且贯穿。从点 c 出发，横向平行画出平线线。我们就得到了在透视中完全相同的四个方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyghQUvDcai0py5SOi6sy5f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/58abb58b470448beb7695e931ddf1441","width":1900},"text":"","id":"QaYEd6Q4wok8CExgRWScUEeoneb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤6：重复这个步骤，我们就会得到无数个相同方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMJsJFaYE4wbjJLG8I8Hn6b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c281039039f4b70beff60e9c461d6ac","width":1900},"text":"","id":"CK8udIaAuo4KmOxI1ctcDfQ3nrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤7：间隔填上颜色，就画出了一个铺好的地板，我们可以把它翻转得到天花板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmCBXDQmTrMms3thtmKAG0c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/19f912dd5abd426ca25b949d2f8e9b63","width":1900},"text":"","id":"D80Md6Iw6oWs4cxcNnrcO0wXnwc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：两点透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyLdU88lzjOebFTKjCKrcKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两点透视，特点就是我们人的视线不再和物体平行，而是物体总有一个转折角对着我们。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn03fLBh5PMIdBbKPOl6RMhK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GGmUdi8cAoSigCxS7kicByeVn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：还是先画出视平线。确定消失点H和L。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1ZH6fXsDiz8pPngSr7Vkgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：画出一条垂直线。从这条线的两个端点出发，向两个消失点连线，我们就得到了方程的两个侧面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4jiKUdjixKQHs82x5aKIyb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：两点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/06635c29d27a4e51a8cd3bf81ff43053","width":1900},"text":"","id":"EiAYdy8MEoOEcaxKu1ScrquJnuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：找到顶点R和K，与消失点点连接支线。R连接H，K连接L。 这样我们就得到一个完整的两点透视方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkicBfETLwdFN0vZK2DxNOd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：两点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2aa2b433484f4e7db2ad8fae40d04c1d","width":1900},"text":"","id":"GYwmdeIK6oeIcgxIDWZcFvlOn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：其他角度均是如此。记住，所有的消失点都消失于 ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"hl","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" 两个消失点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnf3d7VTyEnHkTTSGuPn69rb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":938,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：两点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/40e7d5758a284a3eb323111e6d62b436","width":1750},"text":"","id":"doxcnRiLe66Tlw3C2FCLPz7tyub"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw7RQEX37mL5zr9P384Psae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们画画时，大部分不可能那么巧都是纯粹的两点透视、一点透视，大部分情况都会同时出现。一点透视和两点透视，一般都是共同同一条视平线。接下来我们来学习怎么画出两种透视同时存在的情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnykzuvOnE63BvVNMv574hMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：画出视平线，确定多个消失点。一个画面可以有多个消失点，但是切记视平线要始终保持不变，且只有一条。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQxbJmSkhdVcsHKdIzx0wEF"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":846,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d205a0aaaf9f4d62912aa57c380df639","width":1888},"text":"","id":"doxcnEwmdLaTbyQBTOAFNDCcnef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：按照上述教过的方法，画出多个不同的物体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl39FRhaLt1vDwCWWIyjoeh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e4520eca4cdb4b1b925112d0626cd308","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Sc2gdcSk4o6ggoxkHa2cJ7lCnXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两点透视中的X工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnr0cE2KuuzNDxh7A3kL5meg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、画出视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKNYjM3H2YmNvJlSGvq9yFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、X工具却确定中点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaOdQRRYnBmh7ug8JbRqyVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、连接中点与消失点，就可以平分长方体","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwGagMcv1NvXHQq8loJ9Rlg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2c6ae11b265486183c0cfe74543362a","width":1900},"text":"","id":"KEkQd64Soo2W2SxyQTDcQrdfnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两点透视中的对角线消失工具，与一点透视同理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjT1JH5tObJIwHV0HN13lQe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"示范练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsvDndyV6MWVsg0RvnM79Yc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dbea501642e040a39b14b49710bacc17","width":1900},"text":"","id":"W028dwOA4oWIUWxVzF8cEl9Enpt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkjL8coq1hDzK0KfYd7TMhb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntX24R3SHBmhHHKjV2O3snh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三个测试是应用在极仰和极的视角中。即是否有明显的抬头，或者低头的画面中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoVHcQx5AUDJnzaAep0TqPg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1074,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/afa3da1009434ae8af088cf445ac2aa8","width":1844},"text":"","id":"doxcnsaAjhKuSgnxRsQxke5xJ8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三点透视，有三个消失点，会形成一个三角形。正三角形是仰视，倒三角形是俯视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNXUBoNdk1XbZhJ3MbyRaEf"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8028724b1bd94131acaefdcb8f142002","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Sm4od2i4IoOIIqx4lX9cdTS6nFh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/395dff0d62014267ae7ce7c14c53bdc8","width":1900},"text":"","id":"CI6Udm0WQoiaoaxqsdvcheV4nEc"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetzuTlsOEA7m0qeqEglgce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三点透视的特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetzuTlsOEA7m0qeqEglgce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一点透视、两点透视的纵轴是垂直的，只有横轴在变化。三点和两点一点的区别在于，三点的纵轴垂直线不再是平行，而是相交于一点，形成了三个消失点。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCTzPqAlgP2KeooEag93Dbf"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1038,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/02b2b0b8f6de49589d0cf8ac43f8b435","width":1870},"text":"","id":"doxcnX2yglNzwXK7O6cJbDeUxSe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1016,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8b5d5538dc8642069d2e88fa70485f0f","width":1898},"text":"","id":"doxcnYPZO4S0JeMfVccFgH8sJ2e"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS1aQPbKYltUXKGTzSOI6od"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"N、X、对角线三工具还是同理、区别在于也是不再具有纵轴垂直线，而是全部相交于纵轴的消失点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS1aQPbKYltUXKGTzSOI6od"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/73483b1ad7ef4770afb35155e20d099e","width":1900},"text":"","id":"YcUwdW84koeMi2xcTUwcbGqfnpg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67b17c0d506c4747b9ff14d6e7149de7","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Doi4d0kqmoI6SUxKCZUcl08Onlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67b17c0d506c4747b9ff14d6e7149de7","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Doi4d0kqmoI6SUxKCZUcl08Onlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/57a9efd722d34cf88d7bb243aaa6f35c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"EysAdkWGgo42yIxEhctcpyYDnLc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/57a9efd722d34cf88d7bb243aaa6f35c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"EysAdkWGgo42yIxEhctcpyYDnLc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/672f313c3cdc460b8e1e2088f69b26ef","width":1900},"text":"","id":"OOusdS6QUocqMixQ9Odc3vXEnZc"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZrwVAvSIpwmKv0yfazaUof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第五步，正式开始作画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZrwVAvSIpwmKv0yfazaUof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：画出视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1KudFO4DbK3rlqBtibmDVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：应用对角线消失点画出地板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntGD0EKeCxmMYS50RY8HLgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：画出人体脚底板的位置，按照透视来确定脚的位置，可以避免人物浮空或者空间错位","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnORw0vYXPl0d33TvYpjEQLj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：接着画人体。把人体当做好几个几何体的组成，用N工具来确定人体大比例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndZejGfg2BM2RIxs8nBjcTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5：人体细节完善，画出线条、衣物、头发、包等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2SO3C2QaJC7p4tk7ecd8Be"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤6：同理画出其他物品，如小轿车。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnesKjpZnwcNBTGFgLQEtKkg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1012,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第五步，正式开始作画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3347b46442a64ae48aeedecbf7303504","width":1900},"text":"","id":"UIEMdUoaOoQUUUxiqOhc2iXsneg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYfZJVApJPA6nnEUN6DOOFd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：简单几何体练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7N5pG57TSMdPIQ7MvUIuXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"熟悉透视之后，需要进行几何体多角度翻滚练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzxs1NfaaiLyWkZXbPt1R9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建议每天画一百个左右，坚持两周即可。如果你时间不对，也可以每天画10~20个，需要坚持2-3个月左右。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz9WZtMTzLApMxig0FMqUhe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"方形翻滚作画示例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8mW4Xwi00rXj3fGFJ7Grig"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":836,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：简单几何体练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ee6f972defc4f7b84014eb176eef07d","width":1766},"text":"","id":"doxcn2FLeXG70xFPEaJCbCh8xDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十字方翻滚多角度作画示例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9kXrxLebrCWyPQhLvQATI5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO83K7PvJcNXevpIP1kbddg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":944,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：简单几何体练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f72e428c395e4152b641592a9fe588c9","width":1844},"text":"","id":"doxcnFBcDRCijjHdL52TnMPrAtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"方和圆组合翻滚多角度示例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzQBDLPrbO2iRbUeywmV0pf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":936,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：简单几何体练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f090580165c84eb3b6181caee5551a13","width":1776},"text":"","id":"doxcnDUavHQKMqeIFkjVzrBADtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"方和圆翻滚","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA7uYijLgIYlqxzcCBXKw5g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0oRteY3QPSVWgwoL7zuq9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接下来我们把难度升级，物体组合练习。我们要将物体转换成几何体，接着再练习方形的翻滚一样，让我们的物体翻滚起来，练习多角度绘画强迫自己在脑中建立三 d 模型的感觉，去考虑同一物体不同角度的形状特点和体积变化。这样的组合练习也需要1~2个月左右（每天如果只有1-2小时，需要练习3~4个月的时间）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEH6TW5hw8Mnn0IGQm7Aigc"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":916,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/65e74418c1ac425e8496e5e6c7a0b286","width":1816},"text":"","id":"doxcn3eazxmlyoCli6jMps3lQkg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":910,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e0048eb15281470b9b13a5f119b744ec","width":1846},"text":"","id":"doxcnGTHCOau9vNSRlCjPFDodoc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":910,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e0048eb15281470b9b13a5f119b744ec","width":1846},"text":"","id":"doxcnGTHCOau9vNSRlCjPFDodoc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":956,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fd755759b0d24b67b17217261b49749c","width":1878},"text":"","id":"doxcnjB9kbo3KrOW7mx1IuPzMef"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLipSoFgQ8qOKT9xYhktwtd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLipSoFgQ8qOKT9xYhktwtd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj0pi7xcKQq0fs4Y0FxbuNR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aZ4y1k7ze/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CAYSduEuuoMUwQxiYGecHjzTnpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、《像艺术家一样思考》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsDc4VeM19F0k7ab6Papymw"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":734,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b9ddaba65e864180b372c70db73f895f","width":606},"text":"","id":"doxcnTp1ucPivd6dqZlbaByByAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、《透视画法入门》，建议整本通读，每篇都进行临摹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWAT2F4oPk6p8KjGwumrIqc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":674,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/78ab8ab84b0c48cd924d575692e10d3d","width":670},"text":"","id":"doxcnJwYE0jy6V18X1YvETqZvBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、《贝蒂的色彩》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn07fPnU8gdF1Vmz7uUzZtFf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":568,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7cd70b6e955b4296901d43a354e60bd8","width":840},"text":"","id":"doxcnJDwGx237Z7tYa6RUvQo2Jg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、《FIGURE DRAWING》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnncfGHszvN7o6MT3GtjSrmc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":860,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d0c9dbbb768941c7a5b8a1662eddf726","width":628},"text":"","id":"doxcnJrctjsxD2zZcCKEwKAGYmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、《动态素描·人体结构》。通篇阅读，整本临摹。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpzvyKJFFu9f0z60NLX5XTh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":660,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/21c5fe224437415494773901e4b861f5","width":508},"text":"","id":"doxcn8QNDmkGmW2HORwvyoyH3xQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnagDegjMrMDEq8r1acuFfdd"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

2. mk212-c温控器

冰箱一般分为两种，一种是机械温控的，一种是电脑温控的。

机械温控的冰箱需要手动调节温控器来调节箱内温度，上面标有0到7的数字，0是不工作的状态，数字越大制冷越强，7是最高强度制冷，一般夏季1~3档位，春秋3~4档位，冬季4~6档位。 电脑温控的冰箱一般都有人工智慧功能，在这个功能下，冰箱根据环境温度的变化，自动调节温度设定，不需要人工调节。

首先需要把显示屏解锁，然后按下人工智慧键持续3秒，会出现一个人工智慧的图标，表示冰箱进入人工智慧状态；如果需要退出人工智慧状态，在显示屏解锁状态下按下人工智慧键持续3秒，人工智慧的图标消失即可。一般来说人工智慧状态下，不能人为进行冷藏、冷冻温度调节或速冻设置，但可以进行变温室温度调节。

如果你想手动调节冷藏室温度，需要长按冷藏调节按键，冷藏温度显示，进入冷藏室温度设定状态。

随后每按一下冷藏调节按键，温度数值增加1度，直到10度。

再按此键，冷藏温度就显示OF，表示进入预制关闭冷藏室功能，再按冷藏调节按键，温度数值回到2度，如此循环。

当选择OF档位并确定后，冷藏室关闭，当选择非OF档位并确定后，冷藏室恢复制冷。

3. mk203b温控说明书

sf-203温控器设置参数，方法是打开温控器进入参数设置界面，再点击右上角目录文件管理，选择温度参数设置，再把数据调到0000就可以了。

4. mk201-c温控器说明书

1.设定温度：按SET键可设定或查看温度设定点。按一下SET键数码管字符开始闪动，表示仪表进入设定状态，按△键设定值增加，按▽键设定值减小，长按△键或▽键数据会快速变动， 再一次按SET键仪表回到正常工作状态温度设定完毕。

　　2.回差控制（XMT201-C）： 按SET键3秒仪表进入内层参数设定状态。第一个出现并闪动的参数为C00即回差值，回差控制参数要慎重调整，仪表控制加热输出值到设定值，当温度下跌到设定值减回差值时又开始加热，在回差范围内输出（ 继电器 ）是不动作的，这样可减少继电器动作次数以利延长继电器寿命。例：若设定值是80.0℃，回差为0.5，仪表控制加热到80.0℃时继电器释放，温度下跌到80.0℃-0.5℃=79.5℃时继电器又吸合。回差值越大继电器动作次数越少，回差值过大会降低控制精度。调整好回差参数后按SET键3秒钟仪表回到正常工作状态。

　　3.提前量设置（XMT201-E）： 按SET键3秒仪表进入内层参数设定状态。第一个出现并闪动的参数为E00即加热停止的提前量，提前量参数要慎重调整，为减少温度过冲，仪表控制加热输出时会提前截止加热。当温度下跌到提前量以下时又开始加热，在设定值与提前量范围内输出（继电器）是不动作的，这样可减少继电器动作次数以利延长继电器寿命。

例：若设定值是50.0℃，提前量为0.5，仪表控制加热到49.5.0℃时继电器释放，温度下跌到50.0℃-0.5℃=49.5℃时继电器又吸合。提前量越大继电器动作次数越少，提前量过大会降低控制精度。调整好提前量参数后按SET键3秒钟仪表回到正常工作状态

5. mk201冷柜温度控制器说明书

学习古筝要先有浓厚的兴趣，兴趣是最好的教师，没有兴趣学什么都提不起精力，只会浪费时间。因而学古筝必定要本人发自内心的喜爱，那样才能学得更好。

了解古筝

古筝又名汉筝、秦筝、瑶筝、鸾筝，是中国汉民族传统乐器中的筝乐器，属于弹拨乐器。它是中国独特的、重要的民族乐器之一。它的音色优美，音域宽广、演奏技巧丰富，具有相当强的表现力，因此它深受广大人民群众的喜爱。

古筝的种类

古筝分低档古筝、中档古筝、高档古筝三种。

一、低档古筝是由普通木板做出框架，做工较粗躁，以花梨酸枝木贴皮，这种古筝声音较闷，弹不出古筝的韵味儿。

二、中档古筝琴是由花梨木酸枝木胡桃木做古筝的琴头琴尾，以及侧板，面板采用泡桐木，这种琴做工规范，弹出了古筝的韵味，但和中高档琴比音色要逊色很多。

中高档古筝是采用黑檀木老红木做古筝的琴头琴尾，以及侧板，面板采用泡桐木，这种材料做出的古筝音色清脆，韵味渐浓。

三、高档古筝做工严谨，选料精细，采用紫檀木血檀（雪檀）木做古筝的琴头琴尾，以及侧板，面板采用优质泡桐木。

近年雪檀已尽绝迹，紫檀也越来越少，这种材料做出的古筝音色纯正，颗粒性强，琴声韵味十足，余音较长，即余音绕梁乃三日不绝。

古筝分南北吗？

因为北方气候干燥，古筝使用中容易开裂，所以就流传出南筝、北筝的说法。

其实古筝是不分南北筝的，有些商家就是抓住了“古筝开裂”这一痛点，推出了南北筝这一概念。

古筝是不分南北的，也就是不分南北用琴。古筝核心面板都是泡桐木，泡桐木产自河南兰考，如果将河南产的面板拿回上海加工就成了南方古筝，拿回西安加工就成了北方古筝，这显然是说不通的。买古筝时最重要的是买适合自己的筝，且注意对其保养就行。

古筝琴弦

古筝是中国古老的民族乐器，距今已有两千五百多年的历史。

标准古筝有21根弦。从最细的弦到最粗的弦，依次编号为1~21。

最初的古筝，只有5根弦。经秦国著名将蒙恬改造后，古筝发展到12弦。在当时的历史条件下，应该说是对古筝成功的改革。12弦古筝延续使用了数百年，直到唐朝后期才出现了13弦古筝。

随着时代的发展，古筝的弦数也越来越多，音域也越来越宽。出现了16弦、18弦、19弦、21弦、23弦、25弦等，直到今天，发展成为通用的21弦。

筝身长1.63米的21弦古筝，被称为标准筝。筝弦，也由过去的丝，动物筋等生物性材料制作，改为现在的钢丝弦和尼龙缠弦。

随着筝弦的增加，筝的体积也在增大。发展到今天，已成为一种古朴典雅的民族乐器。

古筝基础知识

古筝的定义：弹拨弦鸣乐器。

一共有 21 根琴弦，包含 17 根弦和 4 根绿弦

1、琴弦：现多用尼龙缠弦，以不同型号的钢丝外面缠以尼龙丝制成的。

2、琴码（又称：雁柱）：支撑琴弦，琴码的右侧为演奏区域，左侧为左手补韵的装饰音区域。

3、岳山：分为前岳山，后岳山，分别镶嵌在琴面板的首部和尾部。

4、面板：琴面略有弧度的木板。

5、调弦盒：内有弦轴，用于调音；琴盒内可以放指甲，琴扳手等物件。

认识SOL

认识简谱

简谱：简谱中用以表示音的高低及相互关系的基本符号为七个阿拉伯数字，即１、２、３、４、５、６、７，唱作do、re、mi、fa、sol、la、xi，称为唱名。

唱名：do re mi fa sol la xi

音名：C D E F G A B 这个就是用来记固定音高的符号。

在简谱中表达高低音一般会在上下两个方向添加小圆点。

中音是１２３４５６７那么低音表达就是在这些数字现面加一个小圆点，高音就是在数字上面加一点，上面加二个点为倍高音，加三个点为超高音。反之下面亦如此为倍低音、超低音等以此类推。

除了音的高低外，简谱还有一个重要的因素就是音的长短，简谱音的长短有多种表达方式，如基本的加小横线的方式。

如果还不太懂的朋友，可以看看古筝简谱入门课程，介绍的非常详细：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1xE411x7Wh/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

五声调音

古筝采用的是五声音节，由这五个音构成的调式是五声调式。所以古筝琴弦上没有4（fa）和7（si）。

琴弦排列分组

筝架和姿势

弹筝的姿势有多种，一般采用坐式，要求坐姿端正，精神饱满、动作自然。古代采用过盘式、跪式。

由于流派的不同，筝的放置位置、筝架、琴凳也不同。

有的用琴桌式筝架，有的用类似人字形的筝架，还有的就放在腿上演奏。

采用琴桌式筝架比较稳因、牢靠，琴桌的面板有助于筝的共鸣。琴桌的大小应适当，恰好放稳筝的四个角；筝与琴桌之间有一定的空隙，以便于出音；琴桌的高低适合放腿为宜。此外，琴桌的造型应美观大方。

如采用类似人字形折叠筝架，应注意筝体能放置平稳，避免演奏中摇晃。

如采用小筝放在腿上演奏，小筝筝头底部应加筝托，以防止上身过前倾，腿部不要挡住出音孔，琴凳不要过高，筝尾支架的高度应与琴凳高度相当或略高。琴凳离筝体要近，尤其弹奏宽大的、弦数多的筝，一般身体前侧距筝体大约有6厘米至10厘米，应坐在靠近前岳山的位置上，坐的高低位置，应以方便演奏，便充分发挥技巧为原则。身体离琴过远，将使右手演奏困难，影响对触弦的控制；离琴过近，左手按弦困难，右手拨弦不方便；坐的位置过高时，上身容易前倾；坐的位置过低时，容易紧张。

弹筝的姿势，一般采用坐式，演奏者坐的姿势应该是：两腿自然分开，上身端正，两臂和双手松弛而自然抬起，精神饱满，态度自然。在演奏时既不要驼背也不要过分挺胸；既不要拘紧，也不要松垮。切忌摇头晃脑、脚打拍子等坏毛病。

正确的演奏姿势是：右脚蹬在固定筝架的踏板上，头部略俯视，双手按乐曲开头的指法自然伸出，做好弹奏准备。

如何选择古筝

古筝的统一规格为：1.63米，21弦。一台古筝的音质取决于面板和琴弦，面板以阳面中段为最佳，阳面是指整株桐木置于水中，露出水面的一面为阳面，去头斩尾为中段，一般以9-12年树龄的桐木为最佳，尤以河南兰考的桐木为最佳，沙土地，木质疏松，利于音质的传导。

初学者在购买古筝的时候一般不知道如何选择，市场上售卖的有练习筝、演奏古筝两种。

练习筝的制作较为简单，一般都是不包边的，而演奏筝的工艺更复杂，也更精美。 同时，会因为木头的品质，和穿弦孔的工艺不同而导致音色和手感的不同。

演出筝对音色的要求更严格，音色要亮，所以价格一般比练习筝的价格贵。

古筝的结构说简单也简单，但是要让这简单的结构发出美妙的音乐就是技术活了。决定音色品质重要的部分是面板的等级，其次筝码、整体做工、制作工艺等，边板材质起到装饰古筝的作用，不建议作为选筝的重点。

古筝作为乐器其音色品质才是其价值的体现，而价值也是决定价格的原因，这也就是为什么古筝的价格会有如此大的差异。

我们选购古筝的时候首先要考虑古筝的音色问题，购买音色较好的古筝，如果是作为古筝学习者，练习筝也不要买太次的，那会影响自己的听力，和审美标准。

学习古筝

学戴义甲

大指：将义甲戴在指肚上，向指尖左上方斜出45度佩戴

食指、中指：将义甲戴在指肚上，顺指甲生长方向直戴

注意：佩戴时义甲不要挡住手指的关节；胶布的一半应覆盖在自己本身的指甲上。

选择指甲

古筝指甲首先要选择合适自身手指的长度，选择的指甲要和自己的手指第一节的长度相匹配，通常都是选择中号。指甲面选择宽点、上方尖点，不需要太厚的指甲面。古筝指甲材质很多，有塑料、树脂、玳瑁的，三种材质对比，玳瑁的比其它两种的好，对琴弦没有多大的磨损，但价格比较贵，塑料和树脂对琴弦的磨损就比较严重。

挑选玳瑁方法

1、强光照射法：把玳瑁放在太阳底下或者电筒光下投射，如果看见花纹、透明血丝状在甲片里，就是真品。伪劣产品呈现的血丝在甲面上是片状的，还有斑纹呆板或者团块状。

2、燃烧法：刮一点点的指甲点燃，或者用加热的针触碰指甲面，真品就会散发出烧焦头发的味道，伪劣产品是散发其它的味道，比如樟脑的味道、塑胶的味道、醋味等。

分辨琴弦

古筝的琴弦有21根弦，共有两种颜色，白色琴弦、绿色（或红色）琴弦。

绿色（或红色）琴弦都唱“5”（sol），共有四根绿色（或红色）琴弦，有粗有细，由细到粗，分别代表

高音5；中音5；低音5；倍低音5

第一根到第五根琴弦为倍低音，表示方法是在1、2、3、5、6下面加两个点;接下来五根弦是低音,在1、2、3、5、6，下面点一个点;在后面五根弦是中音区,1、2、3、5、6。接下来是高音区,五根弦1、2、3、5、6上方加一个点;最后一根为倍高音do,1上面加两个点。

练习古筝步骤

弹古筝,首先要保持正确的姿势。两只手的食指、中指、大指依次配戴好指甲，你可以买两卷医用胶带，一卷放手上保持手背的平直，另一卷用来配戴指甲。

眼睛平视乐谱，身体坐好，接下来开始古筝的练习。

佩戴指甲

弹奏古筝之前先要佩戴好指甲，指甲的大小应和手指第一关节差不多，戴在第一关节往上一点，胶布缠在第一关节中间，不要影响关节活动处，大指缠带方法与其他指不同，假指甲向内与指尖呈45度角，左右相对。

熟悉古筝音阶

音乐的七个基本音阶1(do)2(re)3(mi)4(fa)5(sol)6(la)7(si)，古筝是五声音阶，没有4和7，只有1、2、3、5、6。

练习古筝指法

古筝演奏中常用到指法：勾、托、抹、劈、剔、挑、提、花指、摇指、琶音、泛音、按音、揉音、大撮、小撮、颤音、滑音等。

托-大拇指向外弹弦。 

劈-大拇指向里弹弦。

抹-食指向里弹弦。 

挑-食指向外弹弦。 

勾-中指向里弹弦。 

剔-中指向外弹弦。 

提-无名指向里弹弦。 

连托-大拇指向外连续弹弦。 

连抹-食指向外连续弹弦。 

大撮-大拇指向外，中指向里同时弹两弦。 

小撮-大拇指向外，食指向里同时弹两弦。 

双托-大拇指同时向外弹奏邻近的两弦。 

双抹-食指同时向外弹奏邻近的两弦。 

八度双托-大拇指向外弹奏邻近的两弦，同时中指在低八度另一音，三阴同时奏响。 

摇指-大拇指连续托劈。 

琶音-左手或右手用三个或四个手指按顺序弹奏不同的音。 

泛音-左手食指在发音弦1/2处轻贴弦，右手弹弦发音。 

花指-大拇指迅速连托数弦。 

向上刮奏-在筝弦上由低音向高音的划奏。 

向下刮奏-在筝弦上由高音向低音的划奏。

揉音或颤音-根据音乐的不同风格分类，是揉音类的，揉动较平和；是颤音类的，音波较密，也较有地方风格。 

重颤音-用力较重的颤音。 

按音-在弦上按出的音。 

上滑音-右手弹弦后，左手按弦，使音由低向高滑动。

下滑音-左手先按弦，右手弹奏后逐渐松弦。 

回滑音-右手弹弦之后，左手按弦使音由低向高又有高向低滑动数次。 

左手点音-左手马子左侧先轻点或轻轻快速下滑。

下图是古筝指法符号对照表，在看古筝简谱的时候可以用到。

古筝的指法教程视频：

初学古筝的指法口诀：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Et411v7pq/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

勾、托、抹、托指法：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1JT4y1N7nx/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

古筝指法抹、打：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Di4y1174c/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

古筝指法大撮：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Mi4y127Tt/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

练习曲子

曲子是一句一句，一段一段地练习的，练得多了自然就记住了，然后可以脱离琴谱练习。

代表曲目

古筝十大代表名曲有《渔舟唱晚》、《高山流水》、《寒鸦戏水》、《汉宫秋月》、《蕉窗夜雨》、《林冲夜奔》、《侗族舞曲》、《东海渔歌》、《香山射鼓》、《战台风》。

《渔舟唱晚》是传统的古筝独奏名曲。一般以为此曲是娄树华在20世纪三十年代中期，根据古曲《归去来辞》的素材改编而成。取自唐朝诗人王勃的名篇《滕玉阁序》中的佳名：“渔舟唱晚，响穷彭蠡之滨”。

《高山流水》，为中国十大古曲之一。此曲最早见于我国现存最早的琴曲集《神奇秘谱》。乐曲取中国古代著名的音乐故事“伯牙摔琴谢知音”为题材，表现一种“巍巍乎若高山，洋洋乎若江海”的境界。

《寒鸦戏水》寒鸦又名鸥鸟，这是一首有名的潮州筝曲，是潮洲弦诗《软套》十大曲中最富诗意的一首。

老师指导

学习古筝需要有一个好老师指导，古筝作为一种并不那么容易学成的乐器，单靠自学是很困难的，因此需要找一个好老师。专业的好老师保证你能学到规范的指法、技巧和乐曲处理，不至于走弯路。

业余爱好者自学时，虽然有入门教材的辅导，但是自学难免会遇到许多不懂的地方，这时候就需要专业的老师进行解答了。其实刚开始的时候可以看视频资源、与许多古筝专业者或爱好者交流，不懂时还可以提出问题，这样总比自己一个人探索有用得多。

古筝是一门入门容易精通难的乐器，尤其是业余爱好者没有人监督，就更容易放弃，所以坚持才能成功。

选择古筝老师需要注意以下几点：

1、口碑；

大家选择古筝老师的时候还是要非常注重口碑的，如果身边有周围的朋友在学习古筝，我们不妨参考一下朋友的意见，老师的口碑如果好了，一般教学质量都挺不错的。

2、要去试听课；

古筝课都是可以提前试听的，我们可以参加基础的试听课程，如果你认为老师讲的可以很轻易的听得懂，而且讲的有非常详细，老师人也比较好，那么就可以考虑选择这个老师。

3、学历；

老师的学历也是比较重要的，我们在选择老师的时候我可以咨询一下老师是哪里毕业的，如果老师是正规的音乐学校毕业的，那么他学习的知识会更加系统，在教我们的时候条理会特别清楚。

4、专业性。

学习古筝还是非常需要老师的专业性的，老师水平比较高，比较专业，那么我们的学习质量也会更加的高。

自学选择教材

1、《古筝基础教程》

这本书分为古筝入门、古筝技法、古筝曲三个部分，是结合理论和实际的基础教材。

2、《古筝入门》

这本书介绍古筝由易到难，循序渐进，介绍的比较详细，里面附带很多筝曲。

3、《从零起步学古筝》

遵循从易及难的原则，从古筝最基本的指法讲起，每种指法配以相应的练习曲和乐曲。

我们学习的时候先学习基础知识，理论知识学会后可以在网上多看些古筝的教程，特别的视频教程，可以在哔哩哔哩上选择适合自己的配合教材学习。

不过刚开始学习还是不建议自学，毕竟我们对古筝琴音没用正确的认知，非常容易走入误区，只有在老师的带领下，感受到老师正确的琴音，才能慢慢培养认知，这个是教材和视频代替不了的。

古筝考级

古筝考级分为1-10级，其中1-4级为初级，5-7级为中级，8-10级为高级，高级需要加考乐理。

按有关规定，古筝考级一般是从一级到十级，由低到高逐级考评，但由于考级工作一般都是每年进行一次，而学古筝的每个人学习情况不同，因此可跳级报考，如果古筝学习的比较好，可以直接报考六级考试。

六级考试属于中等偏上的等级考试，考试相对简单，7级开始考试难度会增加很多。

所以刚开始考级的时候建议选择古筝六级考试，下面给大家介绍一些六级考试曲目。

古筝六级曲目有哪些

古筝考级六级曲目一般包括《高山流水》、《柳青娘》 、《出水莲》、《崖山哀》、《庆丰年》 、《闹元宵》 、《山丹丹开花红艳艳》等，根据考级版本不同可能略有区别，例如有音协考级、中央音乐学院考级、民族管弦学会考级等， 每个版本曲目和练习曲要求都不同。

考级的时候需要演奏两首同一级别的曲目，六级曲目中高山流水、庆丰年 、出水莲为必选曲目。六级考试的要求是加强各种音色变化、控制力的训练，并进行一些特殊定弦乐曲的练习，演奏上必须按照其指法特点，应强调力度与音色的对比、演奏的投入及较好的音乐表现力。

调音器怎么用

古筝和吉他、钢琴等乐器一样都是需要调音的，最简单的方法就是使用调音器进行调音，具体的方法如下：

1、首先把调音器的电池装好，长按中间的开关打开调音器。

2、按开关键把屏幕左下角的字换成“自动”，按“M/T”键把屏幕右下角的字换成“古筝D”。

3、按上三角符号和下三角符号把左上角的数字换成“=440”。

4、把夹子夹到要调的那根弦的附近，这样更能使调音器取到音。

5、用古筝指甲拨要调的那根弦，看调音器屏幕上的数字，如果显示的数字比调的弦大，就说明太松了，如果数字比调的弦小，就说明太紧了，用调音扳手重新调整。

6、当屏幕上的数值是所调的弦的数值，还要看调音器最上端的三个指示灯，如果左边的红灯亮了，就说明有点偏紧了，如果右边的红灯亮了，就说明有点偏松了，如果绿灯亮，就说明这条弦已经调好。

日常保养方法

一般情况下，相对湿度在50%-70%之间的空间内使用古筝对筝的振动和发音都比较有利，湿度低于50%容易引发筝体表面及底板开裂，而湿度高于70%则易使面板吸潮，导致声音发闷、余音减短、音色发暗。

1、古筝在使用时应轻拿轻放，避免碰撞或剧烈震动。

2、若在北方地区使用古筝，在琴下放一盆水，增加空气湿度，防止开裂。冬季时古筝不能靠近散热的暖气片，以免出现曝烈或变形的情况。

3、古筝使用后可用干软布拭去琴弦上的汗渍，以防琴弦生锈，不用时要以筝罩盖好;

4、古筝应经常使用，这有利于琴弦张力的稳定，也鞥促进音色;

5、一旦发现琴音不准时应及时调音;

6、长时间不用古筝，只要防潮、防晒、防灰即可，不可将其放在地上或挂在潮湿的墙上。湿气较重时，将古筝放入盒内，并在盒内放入干燥剂。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习古筝要先有浓厚的兴趣，兴趣是最好的教师，没有兴趣学什么都提不起精力，只会浪费时间。因而学古筝必定要本人发自内心的喜爱，那样才能学得更好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TUqcdKWOMoQ2MCxk7b5cyYGynZd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"了解古筝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Js2Sde2sEoaOI2xSSx9cDN52nxe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝又名汉筝、秦筝、瑶筝、鸾筝，是中国汉民族传统乐器中的筝乐器，属于弹拨乐器。它是中国独特的、重要的民族乐器之一。它的音色优美，音域宽广、演奏技巧丰富，具有相当强的表现力，因此它深受广大人民群众的喜爱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EqSwdcu8CoYMU4x4NhVcPyWYnjh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝的种类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NsM4d8GsOo4i4wx4KMKcGExAnUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝分低档古筝、中档古筝、高档古筝三种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RIcedkyEGoQCoyxQf0ec8u3RnSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、低档古筝是由普通木板做出框架，做工较粗躁，以花梨酸枝木贴皮，这种古筝声音较闷，弹不出古筝的韵味儿。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YqIedSOsooC680xcxrHchhUpnTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、中档古筝琴是由花梨木酸枝木胡桃木做古筝的琴头琴尾，以及侧板，面板采用泡桐木，这种琴做工规范，弹出了古筝的韵味，但和中高档琴比音色要逊色很多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V4CgdocWWoWQsaxGEPfcIYb2nqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中高档古筝是采用黑檀木老红木做古筝的琴头琴尾，以及侧板，面板采用泡桐木，这种材料做出的古筝音色清脆，韵味渐浓。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RasedGmieoG4E2xCY6Pc2CnVn8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、高档古筝做工严谨，选料精细，采用紫檀木血檀（雪檀）木做古筝的琴头琴尾，以及侧板，面板采用优质泡桐木。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DIoKdKiugoMYOoxmkiYc2iCan9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"近年雪檀已尽绝迹，紫檀也越来越少，这种材料做出的古筝音色纯正，颗粒性强，琴声韵味十足，余音较长，即余音绕梁乃三日不绝。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UiSmdQeQwoeIU6x4uTdcRxfZn9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝分南北吗？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SwSQd4eS0o6ciexy2x5co97JnSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因为北方气候干燥，古筝使用中容易开裂，所以就流传出南筝、北筝的说法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H8WMdwccmoG86cxcp95c39WFn1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其实古筝是不分南北筝的，有些商家就是抓住了“古筝开裂”这一痛点，推出了南北筝这一概念。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PyY6d8y6qo4mAIxikZicrvBCn2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝是不分南北的，也就是不分南北用琴。古筝核心面板都是泡桐木，泡桐木产自河南兰考，如果将河南产的面板拿回上海加工就成了南方古筝，拿回西安加工就成了北方古筝，这显然是说不通的。买古筝时最重要的是买适合自己的筝，且注意对其保养就行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MEYkdm4CKoWK0oxiiCEcHb4Pnwd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝琴弦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QYC4dAYuEoMQ00xGSwZcDIVZndf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝是中国古老的民族乐器，距今已有两千五百多年的历史。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RW8SdoI2GoKcwaxk1mSch5uKnfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"标准古筝有21根弦。从最细的弦到最粗的弦，依次编号为1~21。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LEcyd60waoiSGQxMiSwcACaJn5X"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":427,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝琴弦","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a56dc34e2e3a407f9d8569a2e36541e7","width":640},"text":"","id":"VmeGdAcKwow6G4xohIFchRxznge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H8KsdaGW8ocyw2xOyPwcWzcFnlH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最初的古筝，只有5根弦。经秦国著名将蒙恬改造后，古筝发展到12弦。在当时的历史条件下，应该说是对古筝成功的改革。12弦古筝延续使用了数百年，直到唐朝后期才出现了13弦古筝。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYyudcMAioMSWMxsvuVcfdIWnPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"随着时代的发展，古筝的弦数也越来越多，音域也越来越宽。出现了16弦、18弦、19弦、21弦、23弦、25弦等，直到今天，发展成为通用的21弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SKk0dMSSyoSOKMxaAIUch9PsnAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"筝身长1.63米的21弦古筝，被称为标准筝。筝弦，也由过去的丝，动物筋等生物性材料制作，改为现在的钢丝弦和尼龙缠弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OuGadOM6YoeG8WxE9T2cdmmvnNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"随着筝弦的增加，筝的体积也在增大。发展到今天，已成为一种古朴典雅的民族乐器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YoqMdG4Ioo6mCsxeizGc3TaEn7d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CUoSdQg6moSsSMxOQVycQkZYnxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝的定义：弹拨弦鸣乐器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NaEQdGYgOoEKKIx3DTPcW9QRngE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一共有 21 根琴弦，包含 17 根弦和 4 根绿弦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SQWYdEiSmoEgwyxaWc9c7lwan9g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":405,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/adba970d86b842058bf1571fc3adf8c8","width":855},"text":"","id":"SkAsdOUe0oGOGcxYDIycO1H8ncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、琴弦：现多用尼龙缠弦，以不同型号的钢丝外面缠以尼龙丝制成的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TKW6dgiMWouMk2xQpcPcHzSznYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、琴码（又称：雁柱）：支撑琴弦，琴码的右侧为演奏区域，左侧为左手补韵的装饰音区域。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HGS4dGEC2o4iqSx2liLcEjtdnHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、岳山：分为前岳山，后岳山，分别镶嵌在琴面板的首部和尾部。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SYoOdAKe0ok0Mox5TYuck83BnBJ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、面板：琴面略有弧度的木板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LKcsdCqQcoskEwxgdpOcJcXdn7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、调弦盒：内有弦轴，用于调音；琴盒内可以放指甲，琴扳手等物件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Cs4GdYu4MoqQkKxgXT5cofbsnYd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识SOL","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HowmdCQKooaWgCx2x60c0ympnhd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":258,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"认识SOL","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2f6a1b3049b04321bd68e010868702e9","width":865},"text":"","id":"WeWmdsYowoUcySxwhcTcvdqZn1e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识简谱","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IAS2dg8Ego6sg4xeAymcNBTCnrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简谱：简谱中用以表示音的高低及相互关系的基本符号为七个阿拉伯数字，即１、２、３、４、５、６、７，唱作do、re、mi、fa、sol、la、xi，称为唱名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NGEcdoWOUoyuQcxyIb1cFQXEnSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"唱名：do re mi fa sol la xi","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TyuydE4wwoq6YcxAFDkcsUgYnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音名：C D E F G A B 这个就是用来记固定音高的符号。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JAuKdmEmqoK0ooxOOeUcl6S4nqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在简谱中表达高低音一般会在上下两个方向添加小圆点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MSQgd4sO0oOcq0xiqQIceHvdn0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中音是１２３４５６７那么低音表达就是在这些数字现面加一个小圆点，高音就是在数字上面加一点，上面加二个点为倍高音，加三个点为超高音。反之下面亦如此为倍低音、超低音等以此类推。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QAiKd4wQYoGAumxMz3BctbsMnRd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":172,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"认识简谱","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/03b2fb29978a4a519db2f44835e33dad","width":620},"text":"","id":"CsMAd40c0ooo8Wx6tvgcg4PRn3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了音的高低外，简谱还有一个重要的因素就是音的长短，简谱音的长短有多种表达方式，如基本的加小横线的方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TKaGdyu4yoIuwgxojevc0EAOnbb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":168,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"认识简谱","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c8b352af536345dca9a6fc9665d5b1b4","width":682},"text":"","id":"HW2SdKEeIo82y4xk1iuceeCBnWh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果还不太懂的朋友，可以看看古筝简谱入门课程，介绍的非常详细：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1xE411x7Wh/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1xE411x7Wh/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LQygdKaa2ooigOxgXmkcFxzZnzb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"五声调音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D8GMdAuGooA0guxmIjWcMCutnDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝采用的是五声音节，由这五个音构成的调式是五声调式。所以古筝琴弦上没有4（fa）和7（si）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WUKcdsqIqowcykxFxh5c01jknEg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":552,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五声调音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/210286ec53e74bf789a0ec4043213e05","width":953},"text":"","id":"NOK2dUqQ8oKw0CxAMQdcXzbsn4y"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IIsydGQ0CoYoAax6D4MclV5EnOb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"琴弦排列分组","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XcI0daSqKoQuWixCWNucDkbgnie"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":614,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"琴弦排列分组","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9101cd449a1848bd9f7199255fcf12c7","width":811},"text":"","id":"XyugdUYMooiWGGxYdZVcx7bln28"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":671,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"琴弦排列分组","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b1785101667e48d995a32b7807f94433","width":793},"text":"","id":"KwAIdKA4Qo0QUwxmkuFcm3t2nbh"}],"text":"","id":"EoCqdaCEioC44gxaYVXctHeYn6e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"筝架和姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EoCqdaCEioC44gxaYVXctHeYn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"弹筝的姿势有多种，一般采用坐式，要求坐姿端正，精神饱满、动作自然。古代采用过盘式、跪式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VwW6dYSO6oQ444xuGzLcTsywnFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于流派的不同，筝的放置位置、筝架、琴凳也不同。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PSOkdwWkUoWUOWxiymTcM5P8nSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有的用琴桌式筝架，有的用类似人字形的筝架，还有的就放在腿上演奏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XYQsdWgwmoMUqGxkNZPcpl8XnSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"采用琴桌式筝架比较稳因、牢靠，琴桌的面板有助于筝的共鸣。琴桌的大小应适当，恰好放稳筝的四个角；筝与琴桌之间有一定的空隙，以便于出音；琴桌的高低适合放腿为宜。此外，琴桌的造型应美观大方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OQkQdcsksoieC2xcJVIcJ1JMn8d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":518,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"筝架和姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d12893778e954af9aa69660779580887","width":636},"text":"","id":"PQ48du20koKoSSxSAKXczsIHn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如采用类似人字形折叠筝架，应注意筝体能放置平稳，避免演奏中摇晃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PkyidCm8koIwQyxmQGdcdEkEnle"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":597,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"筝架和姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/421c2b42642b4606b6d45b3b04efab57","width":579},"text":"","id":"T8wydgECGoi0qqxYlVQcYLPAnvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如采用小筝放在腿上演奏，小筝筝头底部应加筝托，以防止上身过前倾，腿部不要挡住出音孔，琴凳不要过高，筝尾支架的高度应与琴凳高度相当或略高。琴凳离筝体要近，尤其弹奏宽大的、弦数多的筝，一般身体前侧距筝体大约有6厘米至10厘米，应坐在靠近前岳山的位置上，坐的高低位置，应以方便演奏，便充分发挥技巧为原则。身体离琴过远，将使右手演奏困难，影响对触弦的控制；离琴过近，左手按弦困难，右手拨弦不方便；坐的位置过高时，上身容易前倾；坐的位置过低时，容易紧张。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H6MQdMU42ou2yaxugIWcVCEdnrd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":741,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"筝架和姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9c96a8e7759c4cdba7e8c0edd9a6d55a","width":733},"text":"","id":"ZKEgdC6SOo4OqUxUVOqcaQu7nng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"弹筝的姿势，一般采用坐式，演奏者坐的姿势应该是：两腿自然分开，上身端正，两臂和双手松弛而自然抬起，精神饱满，态度自然。在演奏时既不要驼背也不要过分挺胸；既不要拘紧，也不要松垮。切忌摇头晃脑、脚打拍子等坏毛病。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tam0dyU2socEowxMb3acblynnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的演奏姿势是：右脚蹬在固定筝架的踏板上，头部略俯视，双手按乐曲开头的指法自然伸出，做好弹奏准备。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ECo4dYk6eocISgxma3TcC9tMnRg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":476,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"筝架和姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8f8c264448484b8e99ed16776f541d40","width":781},"text":"","id":"HkaAdIAKQoYIAcx29lLcmxLgnBc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何选择古筝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HWaadMuCooqgKcxQrKRcAe8Ln1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝的统一规格为：1.63米，21弦。一台古筝的音质取决于面板和琴弦，面板以阳面中段为最佳，阳面是指整株桐木置于水中，露出水面的一面为阳面，去头斩尾为中段，一般以9-12年树龄的桐木为最佳，尤以河南兰考的桐木为最佳，沙土地，木质疏松，利于音质的传导。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Casmdyo0OoS2Cqxe4BrcTQQtnOe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":456,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何选择古筝","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e08a4cdc236647d6914a8d4011e3d006","width":600},"text":"","id":"VOeqd0GAGoW4auxQhlQcxX7Tnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学者在购买古筝的时候一般不知道如何选择，市场上售卖的有练习筝、演奏古筝两种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KAqidceYIoGg60xsDc7c3THenff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习筝的制作较为简单，一般都是不包边的，而演奏筝的工艺更复杂，也更精美。 同时，会因为木头的品质，和穿弦孔的工艺不同而导致音色和手感的不同。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EY6adusu0oIKo6xgRopcF34Lnuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"演出筝对音色的要求更严格，音色要亮，所以价格一般比练习筝的价格贵。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YMWEd2MgaoM0aUxWSYuczrwgnQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝的结构说简单也简单，但是要让这简单的结构发出美妙的音乐就是技术活了。决定音色品质重要的部分是面板的等级，其次筝码、整体做工、制作工艺等，边板材质起到装饰古筝的作用，不建议作为选筝的重点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OskmdkmgEougSuxs8wZcDmzOnzY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝作为乐器其音色品质才是其价值的体现，而价值也是决定价格的原因，这也就是为什么古筝的价格会有如此大的差异。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZoWodYoUCosEmAxMhowcdZO3nEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们选购古筝的时候首先要考虑古筝的音色问题，购买音色较好的古筝，如果是作为古筝学习者，练习筝也不要买太次的，那会影响自己的听力，和审美标准。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Bs0ed48aoo8OUIxg2KlcUobenzm"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习古筝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ewqqdo4ssoEewUxojhWcMkLgnRY"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学戴义甲","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L4w6dsweUocYCSxuYgqcHIlPnId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大指：将义甲戴在指肚上，向指尖左上方斜出45度佩戴","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYiSdKoKyoQ68axY9wEcuRn5n9g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":112,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学戴义甲","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d8ef5651cc3549cb8629ebe19a9f43bf","width":136},"text":"","id":"A0CKdYKwOoy0aaxCUGucy5WvnFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"食指、中指：将义甲戴在指肚上，顺指甲生长方向直戴","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IUO6dm4SYo0mSyxuKPicyXMhnFe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":112,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学戴义甲","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f6f907e9573e4362a717f7ea0e478c52","width":136},"text":"","id":"E6Wkdgg6yoyGuAxyUqYcaCT7nzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：佩戴时义甲不要挡住手指的关节；胶布的一半应覆盖在自己本身的指甲上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NgwmdyAWgomkMexMV43cJF1GnUc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择指甲","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NOYcd2McCoUW2kxDTPCc0XyinbM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝指甲首先要选择合适自身手指的长度，选择的指甲要和自己的手指第一节的长度相匹配，通常都是选择中号。指甲面选择宽点、上方尖点，不需要太厚的指甲面。古筝指甲材质很多，有塑料、树脂、玳瑁的，三种材质对比，玳瑁的比其它两种的好，对琴弦没有多大的磨损，但价格比较贵，塑料和树脂对琴弦的磨损就比较严重。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BgIsdWoAuoA04Ix8gSicDKB8nec"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":333,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选择指甲","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e2fdb9f2bd254aceab730d7785e6d351","width":500},"text":"","id":"Pym0dWasEoCOcCxeYctcQBwznRf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"挑选玳瑁方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DSa0dCkSsomgiwxSupvc10yEnpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、强光照射法：把玳瑁放在太阳底下或者电筒光下投射，如果看见花纹、透明血丝状在甲片里，就是真品。伪劣产品呈现的血丝在甲面上是片状的，还有斑纹呆板或者团块状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SYiAdGmwOoQW66xYZzecduXanef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、燃烧法：刮一点点的指甲点燃，或者用加热的针触碰指甲面，真品就会散发出烧焦头发的味道，伪劣产品是散发其它的味道，比如樟脑的味道、塑胶的味道、醋味等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IWcqdMKakoqsAcxE5Twc5Jeunsd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"分辨琴弦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KmE8ducyyo4co8x4qOdc67ozn9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝的琴弦有21根弦，共有两种颜色，白色琴弦、绿色（或红色）琴弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JcggdywqgooEk0xc7RmcGYOcnhf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":518,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"分辨琴弦","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ad9fb924473f4c03acde04ea2d49c706","width":627},"text":"","id":"Py4udAGwIoyM2SxI9QvcNGiFnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"绿色（或红色）琴弦都唱“5”（sol），共有四根绿色（或红色）琴弦，有粗有细，由细到粗，分别代表","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UkAGdSks4o4a42xE3RUchFYonSg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":34,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"分辨琴弦","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/45746576255f47eba05e8d49cce59e0f","width":138},"text":"","id":"QO8qdGyMKoISY0x8HXsc3G9fnuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高音5；中音5；低音5；倍低音5","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EqgAd8aeKoOiacxSAKBcZm37nXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一根到第五根琴弦为倍低音，表示方法是在1、2、3、5、6下面加两个点;接下来五根弦是低音,在1、2、3、5、6，下面点一个点;在后面五根弦是中音区,1、2、3、5、6。接下来是高音区,五根弦1、2、3、5、6上方加一个点;最后一根为倍高音do,1上面加两个点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XOUAdgmSMoO4qmxSwkGcsOolnzd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习古筝步骤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XIYAduAaMocSc4xmaNxcbfv4n5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"弹古筝,首先要保持正确的姿势。两只手的食指、中指、大指依次配戴好指甲，你可以买两卷医用胶带，一卷放手上保持手背的平直，另一卷用来配戴指甲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ww8CdKY24osSMyxikNIcZpDUnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"眼睛平视乐谱，身体坐好，接下来开始古筝的练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JWU0dmaEoouCqmxmUyJchz6anPc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"佩戴指甲","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Eae0d0gmwoOmAGx5kVkc8DotnJi"},{"type":"paragrap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":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"老师指导","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Du2odIcE6omcmExaS4Bc8youn8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习古筝需要有一个好老师指导，古筝作为一种并不那么容易学成的乐器，单靠自学是很困难的，因此需要找一个好老师。专业的好老师保证你能学到规范的指法、技巧和乐曲处理，不至于走弯路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DieUdKSu6oukA8xaRJXch8nXnob"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":333,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"老师指导","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/950d6fda04394931aac13686ff8bb323","width":500},"text":"","id":"QUQkdy2uwommqAx8lUEcUvymnVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"业余爱好者自学时，虽然有入门教材的辅导，但是自学难免会遇到许多不懂的地方，这时候就需要专业的老师进行解答了。其实刚开始的时候可以看视频资源、与许多古筝专业者或爱好者交流，不懂时还可以提出问题，这样总比自己一个人探索有用得多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E4G2dYkG6oaA4ixWk1HcU4HCnOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝是一门入门容易精通难的乐器，尤其是业余爱好者没有人监督，就更容易放弃，所以坚持才能成功。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZieUdu6EooEwakxATBJcfmYInub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择古筝老师需要注意以下几点：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SA4wdiQaCoqKcexErRHc6ST2nig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、口碑；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYUMdCAEcosOqkxSAqlcKYhNnNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大家选择古筝老师的时候还是要非常注重口碑的，如果身边有周围的朋友在学习古筝，我们不妨参考一下朋友的意见，老师的口碑如果好了，一般教学质量都挺不错的。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYOsdo8SwoAeuWx8hK6cFkmgnIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、要去试听课；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wmu6dY0sooI2uqxI3dncj9EVnEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝课都是可以提前试听的，我们可以参加基础的试听课程，如果你认为老师讲的可以很轻易的听得懂，而且讲的有非常详细，老师人也比较好，那么就可以考虑选择这个老师。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Mgq6dEKSYoKiamxi2becA1BSnng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、学历；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ECuedEK2CouWAsx2rDvcv01Cnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"老师的学历也是比较重要的，我们在选择老师的时候我可以咨询一下老师是哪里毕业的，如果老师是正规的音乐学校毕业的，那么他学习的知识会更加系统，在教我们的时候条理会特别清楚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GM2sdMGcMoA0gkxodKUcQvdmnse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 4、专业性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KUUEdW2IooWGCix63Eeco0BDnxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习古筝还是非常需要老师的专业性的，老师水平比较高，比较专业，那么我们的学习质量也会更加的高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q8aedu822oa4i4x6Y47cai0rnch"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"自学选择教材","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JmWOduKeIocuGoxaIpUcsUmnnce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、《古筝基础教程》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LAoAdyG6MomiooxcfgFcjcFgn6U"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":611,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"自学选择教材","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/48f66ba9946b4a24b082b07c146e28ea","width":440},"text":"","id":"AsqQd062WoEmWGxWaofcrgAonTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这本书分为古筝入门、古筝技法、古筝曲三个部分，是结合理论和实际的基础教材。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WwGKdkeiqow0mqxuEYfcrVytnsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、《古筝入门》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q8SAd0MQcoASuUxA9w6cfKhSnpf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"自学选择教材","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/08ab75b97b1a4c9299cca6fe32606ef3","width":372},"text":"","id":"RomcdOeUOoAGmexq5vMcmts8nLQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这本书介绍古筝由易到难，循序渐进，介绍的比较详细，里面附带很多筝曲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JoeSdO6ScocQKaxGyUrcynY9nGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、《从零起步学古筝》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KYEWdo2QGoAiW4x82RwcxJ5Dnbc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":431,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"自学选择教材","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/14cff81fa3db43d3b3ccf979850af338","width":428},"text":"","id":"XgcodsU4Oo8WMsxI9sXcGQXdnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"遵循从易及难的原则，从古筝最基本的指法讲起，每种指法配以相应的练习曲和乐曲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KSISduQOsoWecIxC0X7cXITlnme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们学习的时候先学习基础知识，理论知识学会后可以在网上多看些古筝的教程，特别的视频教程，可以在哔哩哔哩上选择适合自己的配合教材学习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AUMKdWAC6o0u6oxA7BacdZDgn3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不过刚开始学习还是不建议自学，毕竟我们对古筝琴音没用正确的认知，非常容易走入误区，只有在老师的带领下，感受到老师正确的琴音，才能慢慢培养认知，这个是教材和视频代替不了的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R6eodmCuuo2uAcxkFHUc6bUbnwh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝考级","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G0uadkk4QoAUS2xsxAAcCpMDnE8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝考级分为1-10级，其中1-4级为初级，5-7级为中级，8-10级为高级，高级需要加考乐理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GsQSdysC6oim0MxgdB3cw5sFnS1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"按有关规定，古筝考级一般是从一级到十级，由低到高逐级考评，但由于考级工作一般都是每年进行一次，而学古筝的每个人学习情况不同，因此可跳级报考，如果古筝学习的比较好，可以直接报考六级考试。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UIEgdEwucoCW4AxKg8Rc6ht8nOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"六级考试属于中等偏上的等级考试，考试相对简单，7级开始考试难度会增加很多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Oceod2UwMokGEExymi2c2Roenfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以刚开始考级的时候建议选择古筝六级考试，下面给大家介绍一些六级考试曲目。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HSiYdaiMyo4waMx6ln3cru6cnxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝六级曲目有哪些","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F6GGdCq0Io2oGgxmsa5c0g1enWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝考级六级曲目一般包括《高山流水》、《柳青娘》 、《出水莲》、《崖山哀》、《庆丰年》 、《闹元宵》 、《山丹丹开花红艳艳》等，根据考级版本不同可能略有区别，例如有音协考级、中央音乐学院考级、民族管弦学会考级等， 每个版本曲目和练习曲要求都不同。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OwQ2dykUioEcsQxMhWGc66VanQe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"考级的时候需要演奏两首同一级别的曲目，六级曲目中高山流水、庆丰年 、出水莲为必选曲目。六级考试的要求是加强各种音色变化、控制力的训练，并进行一些特殊定弦乐曲的练习，演奏上必须按照其指法特点，应强调力度与音色的对比、演奏的投入及较好的音乐表现力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CmQ0dycMko6YsWx4lbfcKPw8ngh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":324,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝考级","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bdd537635370403b832a02ee381f4f0c","width":500},"text":"","id":"LycidwCQgoMkYaxiIhccjVgenlc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"调音器怎么用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NWQedeKaAoYgmOxk3tkcchGMnwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝和吉他、钢琴等乐器一样都是需要调音的，最简单的方法就是使用调音器进行调音，具体的方法如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y4UkdOisSouiqqx04n2cQL7ynef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首先把调音器的电池装好，长按中间的开关打开调音器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X8o2dCeQ4okOKkxLEfTcFq0Rnyz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、按开关键把屏幕左下角的字换成“自动”，按“M/T”键把屏幕右下角的字换成“古筝D”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DMeedwaquouuSMx8Wa3cbWlGnHc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、按上三角符号和下三角符号把左上角的数字换成“=440”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SUOmdsE88oqCKuxiMR0cwxg6ncd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":333,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"调音器怎么用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cfa14c104dd04f6ebf801b5b7ed81928","width":500},"text":"","id":"PiqAdWGK0oeIO2x8RIkcSNw1nih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、把夹子夹到要调的那根弦的附近，这样更能使调音器取到音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OoKsd2KeKoogIQxYZlVcbRNynNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、用古筝指甲拨要调的那根弦，看调音器屏幕上的数字，如果显示的数字比调的弦大，就说明太松了，如果数字比调的弦小，就说明太紧了，用调音扳手重新调整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OCUWdQswQoWw2ex6a0xczPpEnMw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、当屏幕上的数值是所调的弦的数值，还要看调音器最上端的三个指示灯，如果左边的红灯亮了，就说明有点偏紧了，如果右边的红灯亮了，就说明有点偏松了，如果绿灯亮，就说明这条弦已经调好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WQMOdM2oAoiWwkxCedPcpxPPnYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"日常保养方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LwMQdiQ6ioCgWMxkzSNckqZZnAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般情况下，相对湿度在50%-70%之间的空间内使用古筝对筝的振动和发音都比较有利，湿度低于50%容易引发筝体表面及底板开裂，而湿度高于70%则易使面板吸潮，导致声音发闷、余音减短、音色发暗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YuwydOGMeow8YuxK6acc5jZGnuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、古筝在使用时应轻拿轻放，避免碰撞或剧烈震动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MOUadYwmOoeauyxaU9Zc9GLanKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、若在北方地区使用古筝，在琴下放一盆水，增加空气湿度，防止开裂。冬季时古筝不能靠近散热的暖气片，以免出现曝烈或变形的情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NOgGdiUYEogkGUxQPwZceLE8nXN"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、古筝使用后可用干软布拭去琴弦上的汗渍，以防琴弦生锈，不用时要以筝罩盖好;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YiQ6dsMEoo0Q4OxIziuc8BuhnFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、古筝应经常使用，这有利于琴弦张力的稳定，也鞥促进音色;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RwWSdGcsUosIkSxGwBwcC9CNnHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、一旦发现琴音不准时应及时调音;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BayydyEcuosscIxoTtecL49Lnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、长时间不用古筝，只要防潮、防晒、防灰即可，不可将其放在地上或挂在潮湿的墙上。湿气较重时，将古筝放入盒内，并在盒内放入干燥剂。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AeIgd28k6oce84xQj8PcI2FFn9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I2audQQWwo4Syexa8NacE2HWnwb"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

6. mk201温控器设置方法

1.设定温度：按SET键可设定或查看温度设定点。按一下SET键数码管字符开始闪动,表示仪表进入设定状态,按△键设定值增加，按▽键设定值减小，长按△键或▽键数据会快速变动， 再一次按SET键仪表回到正常工作状态温度设定完毕。

2.回差控制(XMT201-C)： 按SET键3秒仪表进入内层参数设定状态。第一个出现并闪动的参数为C00即回差值，回差控制参数要慎重调整，仪表控制加热输出值到设定值，当温度下跌到设定值减回差值时又开始加热，在回差范围内输出( 继电器 )是不动作的，这样可减少继电器动作次数以利延长继电器寿命。例：若设定值是80.0℃，回差为0.5，仪表控制加热到80.0℃时继电器释放，温度下跌到80.0℃-0.5℃=79.5℃时继电器又吸合。回差值越大继电器动作次数越少，回差值过大会降低控制精度。调整好回差参数后按SET键3秒钟仪表回到正常工作状态。

3.提前量设置(XMT201-E)： 按SET键3秒仪表进入内层参数设定状态。第一个出现并闪动的参数为E00即加热停止的提前量，提前量参数要慎重调整，为减少温度过冲，仪表控制加热输出时会提前截止加热.当温度下跌到提前量以下时又开始加热，在设定值与提前量范围内输出(继电器)是不动作的，这样可减少继电器动作次数以利延长继电器寿命。例：若设定值是50.0℃，提前量为0.5，仪表控制加热到49.5.0℃时继电器释放，温度下跌到50.0℃-0.5℃=49.5℃时继电器又吸合。提前量越大继电器动作次数越少，提前量过大会降低控制精度。调整好提前量参数后按SET键3秒钟仪表回到正常工作状态

4.时间比例设置(XMT201-P)： 按SET键3秒仪表进入内层参数设定状态。 E：为比例带偏移量，E参数可使实际控制点平移。即使时间比例的中心平移，依加热系统的不同E值可正也可为负。 P：为比例带，即比例控制值，为了便于理解同时也为了使比例带有更大的表示空间，本仪表的比例带是单边比例带，即实际比例带是2倍P值。以实际控制点为中心从下至上在P值范围内输出加热比例按0%-100%均布。 T：为加热输出循环周期，即继电器工作循环周期，T值小控制效果好，但T值太小继电器会因频繁工作而减少寿命。一般T值取20-60秒。 例：若P设定为4.0(实际比例带为8.0)，温度设定为60.0度，E设定为2.0，则实际控制点为58.0度，当温度达到54.0度时仪表便进入比例带控制状态。

5.智能控制参数设置(XMT201-D)： 按SET键3秒仪表进入内层参数设定状态。 E：这个参数在P=0时是加热停止的提前量，当P不等于0时仪表为智能PID工作方式，P不等于0时E参数无意义。 P：为比例带，即比例控制值，仪表以设定值为中心P值分布在设定点两边，在P值范围内仪表以PID方式工作。 T：为加热输出循环周期，即继电器工作循环周期，T值小控制效果好，但T值太小继电器会因频繁工作而减少寿命。一般T值取20-60秒。 为简化操作，仪表的积分时间(I)和微分时间(D)设计为隐藏参数，其默认值：I=180,D=45

6.误差的修正：在确认仪表显示的值不是正确的测量值时可对显示值进行修正。按SET键3秒进入仪表内层菜单，第一个出现并闪动的参数为E00即提前量，再按一次SET键出现并闪动的参数即误差修正参数，配合△或▽键可修改此参数。误差的修正的范围为-9.9℃到+9.9℃，修正完成后再按一下SET键退出。仪表出厂时修正值为0.0，使用时要防止把显示正确的仪表修正至不正确。