1. ai516温控器设置
卫生间是家庭装修中比较小区域的事情,面积不大很多人就不会重视,但是卫生间其实是很重要的装修环节,如果没有装修好,就会很影响使用效果,降低生活质量。所以装修卫生间就要非常注意一些细节,下面就来看看我们如何装修卫生间。
水管铺设
卫生间隐蔽工程之一就是卫生间水管的安装,卫生间想要发挥本身区域的卫浴功能,那是绝对离不开对于水的使用的,因此,卫生间水管的安装是十分重要的一件事,如果在施工过程中留下的隐患,那么之后不仅仅是水管的修理工作麻烦,还会由于卫生间无法正常使用而对居住生活造成麻烦。
具体步骤
一、正式安装卫生间水管之前,要根据水管需要使用的空间大小,确定好好铺设瓷砖的需要的空间尺寸,具体的可以根据选择使用的瓷砖厚度来确定需要留存的面积尺寸。
二、在进行水管管道的布局定位时,要确定好水槽的位置、水龙头的位置、上水口和下水口的位置。
三、在安装进水管道的室内阀门之前,要确定好水管管道和水管配件是否完好,是否有裂口、洞眼。
四、无论是卫生间墙面的水管安装,还是地面的水管安装,尽量不要使用衔接零件,从而减少卫生间的漏电发生。
五、淋浴设置的左右冷热水管要区分清楚之后再进行安装,包括淋浴的水阀也是,并且依据淋浴的安装位置安装好出水口。
六、抽水马桶的进水管安装,尽量利用能被抽水马桶遮掩住的地方,装饰效果看上去会雅观一些,同时要注意抽水马桶的型号大小来安装出水口,一面造成材料的浪费。
七、墙面上用来准备洗手池的出水口高度要确认好,不要太高也不能太低,并且尽量不要把软管直接暴露在外面,看上去不美观,同时要注意保留好可以安装储物柜的墙面高度。
八、卫生间水管的管道布局既不能有弯绕,也不能太过靠近电路设置,水管卡口的位置要设置均匀,所有水阀阀口要安装紧密。
九、卫生间水管的布局大多数会选择从天花板走,同时冷热水管要遵循好左热右冷的顺序,接出口要平方行布置。
十、卫生间水管全部安装完毕后,需要进行压力检测,检测的压力标准必须要大于6公斤。
包管
安装之后,现在一般的水管铺设都需要包立管,不包的很少。包立管的施工方法有很多种,比较常见的主要有砖砌法、木龙骨法、轻钢龙骨、水泥板这4种,主要材质有红砖、水泥板、pvc和瓷砖。
红砖包管
红砖包管是最普遍的方式,操作也比较简单,就是将管道用红砖红砖砌筑,在红砖的表面用水泥砂浆将其磨平然后贴上面砖就可以了。用红砖包管可以有效的隔音,同时不易变形、使用寿命较长,当然红砖包管也存在比较大的缺点如:占用的空间比较大,对于面积比较小的卫生间来说是一个很大的缺点。
水泥板
水泥板是一种比较节省空间的包管方式,主要是利用轻钢龙骨进行基础的打底,然后加入水泥压力板进行包管。水泥板包管比较节省空间,让空间得到更大的利用,但是由于卫生间比较潮湿,这种情况下会热胀冷缩,在瓷砖的阴阳角处肯定会出现裂缝的情况。
pvc材质包管
卫生间包管方法中的pvc材质包管是一种新型的包管方式,pvc材质包管的优势有操作简单、成本低廉、对包管的技术要求非常的低、防潮、防水、不易变形等优势.
但是pvc材质包管存在着很多的不足,pvc材质的颜色单一装饰效果不好,不容易与其它的装饰物进行协调,同时pvc材质的碰撞性极为的差,在使用过程中很容易毁坏。
瓷砖包管
卫生间包管方法中的瓷砖包管一般都是比较专业的贴砖师傅来进行操作的,具体方法就是用云石胶把地砖进行粘贴,然后用水泥砂浆将面砖贴上,瓷砖包管的装饰性比较的好,可以根据需要进行不同的选择,瓷砖包管的选择面比较的大。
同时瓷砖包管不会占有较大的空间,对卫生间空间的节约非常的最有帮助,但是瓷砖包管也有其不足就是瓷砖包管方式处理的包管碰撞行非常的差,使用寿命不及红砖包管。
关于隔音棉
很多人会用隔音棉包水管,这个确实效果很好,但是你需要把顶子上所有能看到的管子都包起来,不然光包立管是不起作用的。还有楼层低的很可能发生堵塞情况,这种楼层做好留出检修口,不然一旦发生意外包管都需要拆除。
关于保温
要做水管保温的话,水管与水管之间要分开距离,保温棉有造成贴砖空鼓的风险。同时因为水管包了保温棉,地砖铺贴的砂浆厚度会随之增厚,室内层高也会跟着矮一点。进水管走天花,必须要做保温棉,以防止造成天花发霉。
防水防滑
铺设材料
卫生间是用水量最大最潮湿的地方,我们要先把卫生间地面和墙面找平,再做防水处理,这样才能避免防水会因为涂刷薄厚不均匀导致渗漏。另外防水要在材料选择上做文章,下面介绍几种常见的防水材料:
水泥浆类防水材料:这是一种新兴的防水材料,它的价格合理,具有非常好的防水效果,是目前非常受欢迎的一种卫生间防水材料。
丙烯酸防水材料:无色无味,是通过材料的结膜来达到防水目的的,它具有很好的延展性和弹性,也是一种很好的卫生间防水材料。但这类材料的造价比较高,因此选择时也要慎重。
聚合物高分子防水材料:同样具有较好的延展性和弹性,也没有任何颜色和味道,十分具有环保性,但是它也有缺点,它不能与任何物品发生碰撞,否则会导致防水膜破裂而漏水,并且这类防水材料的价格也比较高。
聚氨酯防水涂料:主要是液体状,它分为焦油型和非焦油型两种。非焦油型涂料是目前市场上最常用的一种卫生间防水材料。这种材料质量稳定,污染小,耐老化性好,有良好的粘接性和增水性。
装修完之后还要注意卫生间要经常通风,才能保持干燥。
其次在做防水的时候,一定要涂到位,比如墙和地面之间的接缝处,上下管道和地面的接缝处,这些地方如果处理不好,那就很容易出现渗漏的。
墙面的防水层一般都不会做满墙,但考虑到卫生间的水汽,墙面还是做满墙的防水吧!这样也可以避免水汽跑到同墙的其他房间,出现发霉等情况的出现,当然也就卫生间需要做满墙。
防水试验
卫生间的防水层做好之后,自然也是需要做防水试验的。先把卫生间的下水全部堵住,卫生间门口也要保护下,准备工作做好之后再放水。在48小时候之后,就可以检查墙面和地面有没有渗漏。也要提前和楼下的邻居打招呼,这样才能及时观察。
防滑防潮
瓷砖
卫生间的瓷砖要防滑,可以避免家里的老人孩子在卫生间洗漱时候滑倒。
如果卫生间铺地暖,那么在铺地砖的时候,我们要记得首先要选择那种小的瓷砖,最大的也不要超过四百剩四百的。有的人喜欢把大地砖破开,破成四份,比如八百乘八百的分割成四份就是四百剩四百的,这样的砖是可以的,三百乘三百的是最好的。整大块的地砖不适合铺卫生间,不容易找坡度,因为卫生间有水要往一个往地漏方向流,需要找出坡度,那找出这个坡度就需要用小砖来进行铺贴。
卫生间装修铺砖的时候,瓦工进场施工之前,一定先把这卫生间量一下,看看是方正的还是长方形的,那么是两个对等的边角,一定是一般长的,不能说一边大一边小是斜的这都不好。如果说一边大一边小,比如说从门口到窗户一边大一边小,那在铺设过门石铺完挡水条,就挡水条与门之间,这就出现斜着的情况,那么你两边墙如果是斜的,那么就会出现家具靠不了边这种情况。
作为有经验的瓦工,进场第一件事情,就是应该测量水平,放水平线然后做门窗和房间的方正。那么如果说卫生间空间本身就不是方正的,就是开发商留下的就不对,或者是老房子本身就歪瓜裂枣的,那就需要找平,以免铺设瓷砖凹凸不平后续造成清理困难。
在铺设瓷砖之后,卫生间这类对防水防霉要求比较高的空间,可以选择深色的勾缝剂,或者部分区域用玻璃胶和环氧彩砂,当然还可以选择美缝剂、瓷缝剂等来解决瓷砖缝隙不美观和脏黑问题。
卫生间空间比较潮湿,所以在装修时候最好做一个排风扇的装置。潮湿的卫生间会容易滋生细菌。做一个排风扇可以有效的缓解潮湿抑制生霉菌。不过最好是有一扇窗户,经常通风才是最有效的。
通风
卫生间的通风问题是重中之重,因为没有新鲜的空气进入,与里面的污浊之气无法产生置换和对流,就容易滋生更多的细菌,导致卫生间又臭又潮,空气问题根本无法改善。一般来说,人们都会安装排气扇,配合着通风管一起将废气排出,然后让外面的新鲜空气补充进来。但是,排气扇的风量很小,只能实现局部的通风换气,且时效较短。
我们还可以选择安装抽风机,选好打孔位置以及电源,注意线路铺设之后,按照既定的计划打孔安装即可,如不擅长或者没有把握的,可以交给专业人士安装。
最后,如果你家卫生间的空气问题很严重,那就应该安装效果更佳的新风系统,为家里持续提供新鲜空气,实现真正意义上的空气流通。 新风机器一般是装在厨房卫生间的顶上面,还有阳台都可以放,可以把出风口和回风口布置到每一个房间。安装的时候要注意,进场前和中央空调同时配合起来和木工师傅和交底。一般是先装中央空调,但是那也是配合起来,哪个管道好走,哪个管道该让,都要做好整体配合起来做。这些施工时候一定要做好配合的工作,要做到提前沟通,避免出现错误。
除异味
存水弯
下水道选择存水弯式密封圈固定会好一些,存水弯的使用原理简单来说就是利用水将异味堵在下面,散发不出来,家里如果是装的直排的无任何密封设计的地漏,那么肯定会经常出现反味的,因为水排出去之后就不能蓄水阻挡异味,很容易出现上窜散发出来。这也是我们选择虹吸式马桶的原因,它有存水弯能够阻挡异味,比直冲式要好。
地漏
其次是地漏,卫生间的地漏是一个关键点,排污水的重要管道就是地漏,一个卫生间里起码要安装两个地漏,但是地漏很容易安装的很突兀,质量不好的话还需要经常手动清理,所以现在很多家庭都会选择隐形地漏,隐形地漏表面可以镶嵌瓷砖,从而做到与地面的完美融合,而且隐形地漏的防虫、防臭、防返水的功能要比普通地漏强,排水更快更能满足卫生间排污需求。
同时,还可选择U型,深水密封性地漏,密封深度可达50mm以上,它的运行原理是使用U型结构的两层孔路径配合存水弯达阻隔臭气的效果,相当的适合卫生间防臭,有很多家庭不知道选择了t型的地漏,这种的有做带重力感应的翻盖设计,一旦有冲水的话,会自动的打开盖子排水,但是容易被头发丝缠绕,造成排水堵塞u型地漏解剖。
法兰圈
马桶密封圈没装好会产生异味。马桶与下水管的连接处,有一个密封圈,也叫法兰圈。很多卫生间异味,都是因为密封圈没装好造成的。法兰圈处于马桶的底部,下水口和排水口之间,可以起到密封防止马桶漏水的作用,法兰圈要选择橡皮泥材质做密封,具有很强的可塑性,千万不要直接用水泥封死,后续使用过程中一旦出现问题出现马桶阻塞,需要维修的话,只需要把马桶移开就可以操作了,而水泥固定之后还需要拆除,损害马桶排污口。
电源插座
电源插座也是卫生间需要注意的而重点,卫生间的电源插座再也不是只需要一两个就能满足了,现在的卫生间为了满足各种各样的需求要在洗手池、马桶附近也预留两个或者三个电源插座,防患于未然,以免使用的时候因为电源插座不够而不方便。
卫生间装修电线接头处,最好挂锡用防水胶布缠好,水电装修一定要做好,避免后期入住安全隐患。插座和开关在安全上要带上防溅盒,免得水溅到里面引发短路或者触电。
浴霸
购买浴霸的时候,主要可以选择两种浴霸类型:灯暖型浴霸和风暖型浴霸。
灯暖型浴霸
灯暖型浴霸使用特制的红外线石英加热灯泡作为热源,通过热辐射来提高光照区域的温度。具有升温快,功率小,耗电量低的特点。
灯暖型浴霸优势在于:升温快,即开即热,耗电量低,价格便宜。
不足的地方是:
1、室内升温范围比较小,有一种头热脚冷的感觉。
2、灯泡发出的强光会对人的眼睛造成损伤。如果家里有小孩子的话,还是建议购买风暖型浴霸。
风暖型浴霸
风暖型浴霸主要是以PTC陶瓷发热元件作为热源。进风口进来的冷空气,经过PTC陶瓷发热元件加热之后,变成了暖风进入浴室,热风循环流动会提高整个浴室内的温度。
风暖型浴霸的优势在于:
1、室内热范围高,热风循环可以提高整个室内温度,不会有灯暖型浴霸那种头热脚冷的感觉;
2、没有强光,适合有老人小孩的家庭;
3、功能多,除了取暖、照明、换气这三个基本功能之外,有的风暖型浴霸还带有干燥、智能感应灯功能。
不足的地方是:相对于灯暖型浴霸的即开即热,风暖型浴霸需要三分钟左右的时间来对浴室进行升温。
选购注意
类型建议
就价格而言,灯暖型浴霸的价格比较便宜,一般在200左右。风暖型浴霸最基础版的价格都在200以上,功能多的话,价格也会更高一点。
卫生间的吊顶类型也是一个很重要产品筛选项。如果家里是普通吊顶,想要购买风暖型浴霸,在购买之前,要先看一下吊顶的高度和吊顶顶部的空间高度。然后根据这些信息去筛选。如果家里是集成吊顶,无论是灯暖型还是风暖型浴霸,都是适用的。
总的来说,还是更加建议选择风暖型浴霸,舒适性更高。具体选购时,还要注意以下几点:
品牌和3C认证
高功率产品,安全性一定是首要的考虑因素,要买带3C认证的正规品牌产品。
风机和箱体
浴霸最关键的两个器件,就是风机和箱体,它们两个的重要性,相当于人的心脏和躯体。
建议不要选择单电机浴霸,要选双电机,暖气、换气、自然风,两个可同时用,使用寿命也更长。另外,电机分为塑封电机和滚珠轴承电机,相比之下,塑封电机轻、噪音小、性能更好,而滚珠轴承电机,在卫生间高湿的环境下,特别容易生锈,不建议选择。而且,如果有拆解机,看一下电机里面用线,铜线电机比铝线更好。
再就是浴霸的箱体了,市面上常见的浴霸箱体有金属和塑料两种,要选金属机箱,耐高温、散热快、不易变形,使用时间更持久,而塑料在高温环境下易变形、变色、有安全隐患,不建议选择。
电机功率
选购风暖型浴霸时要考虑卫生间的面积。一般来说,2000W左右的建议3㎡~8㎡面积使用,2400瓦的建议4㎡~9㎡使用,2400瓦及以上的建议6~12㎡左右的面积使用,如果浴室面积较大,做个干湿分离区,取暖效果会更好一点。不要盲目选择大功率,根据实际情况选择就好。
发热部件
其实,在挑选浴霸还有一个很重要的部件,很容易被人忽略,那就是发热部件,常见的有ptc陶瓷发热和金属发热两种。
ptc陶瓷发热,是冷空气经过PTC陶瓷,空气补加热,变成热风,然后从风口吹出后上升,上升过程中散热变冷,再下沉,形成对流,如此循环室温升高。虽然听起来很复杂,但发热均匀、热量稳定,无论是原理还是安全性能,都是非常建议选择的。
而所谓的金属发热,简单点理解就是把陶瓷部分换成金属丝,温度过热时会发红,安全性低,不建议选择。
除此之外,还应有电过热保护设置,产品内部的温度过高时,可自动断电。同时,还应有温控设置,吹出暖风不能高于40度,防止高温灼伤皮肤。
开关方式
无线、遥控、触控开关,虽说外表美观,也是近两年新兴的浴霸开关方式,但并不建议选择,因为无线开关需要电磁,故障率高,而遥控开关,一旦接收器损坏,维修成本则很高。相比而言,还是老老实实的有线机械按键,使用方便也更耐用。
安装方式
侧风口和百叶的浴霸,可以直接装在淋浴区上方,风会顺着两侧出来,不直吹到人身上,就不会冷。直吹风口的浴霸,最好的安装位置则是浴屏外侧的干区。如果卫生间小,没有干湿区之分,可选择能调节吹风角度的浴霸,只要不对着人吹,效果就很完美。
注意,安装浴霸时要提前打好排气孔,让安装师傅把排气管塞进排气孔里。
布局
卫生间的合理布局,布局根据自己家卫生间的大小而定,一般来说,卫生间面积比较小的家庭可以选择用浴帘来实现干湿分离,大点的卫生间就用隔断、玻璃门、推拉门的方式完成干湿分离的设计,不论是哪种方式都要根据自己的卫生间大小来定。
干湿分离
卫生间装修干湿分离是一定要做的,干湿分明很简单,靠墙角的可以做几个砖砌的小隔板,可以放一些洗发水等小东西。同时还可以做一个玻璃淋浴房设计,这样洗澡就不会造成水喷溅的到处都是了。可以做成推拉门的设计,卫生也是比较好打理。
干湿分离分两个种类:二分离和三分离。
二分离
二分离,就是把干区中的马桶和洗脸盆跟湿区的淋浴隔开。洗澡的水不能溅到马桶和洗漱池上。最严格意义上的二分离,是砌轻体墙,做一个单独的淋浴间。
但绝大多数家庭,不会只为了淋浴间就砌一面轻体墙,更多还是利用便宜,占地空间又小的淋浴房和淋浴帘。用玻璃做出一个淋浴房,隔水效果也很好,而淋浴帘只能勉强算是二分离,水从淋浴帘底部流出来,还需要挡水条。
二分离的优点在于布局要求没那么高,面积要求没有三分离那么大,马桶的位置不变,高频率使用的洗手台放靠门口的位置,洗澡间放里面就好了。缺点在于二分离的清洁会比三分离差一些。
三分离
三分离相当于二分离的升级。在淋浴被隔开的基础上,进一步把湿区中的马桶隔开,三个人可以同时使用马桶间,洗漱间和淋浴间,互不干扰。
三分离是独立的,需要到洗手台的区域去换衣服,也就是说,洗手台要有一个完全封闭的空间,不能踢到客厅或者走廊去。
要做到互不干扰,马桶间和淋浴间就只能使用不透明的推拉门或者轻体墙。如果仅仅是用玻璃隔断或者淋浴房,洗澡的时候还是能看见马桶上的人。动线之间有干扰,比如说去淋浴房要经过马桶间,也不能算真正的三分离。
三分离的优点在于马桶,洗漱间和淋浴间分开,3个人可以在3个空间里各干各的。另外,三分离对于把马桶间当成游戏室和图书馆的人来说,简直是福音。短暂的从家人,朋友,工作中逃开一会儿,静静的在马桶间刷手机,打游戏,不要太美好。
三分离的缺点在于它需要的面积比较大,三分离如果按照长方形来算,淋浴区,马桶间与洗手台算下来,加上中间的两堵轻体墙,至少需要3.5㎡,如果按照按照L型来算,也至少需要3.4㎡。
三分离的布局要考虑淋浴间,马桶间和洗手台都是独立的,就需要至少两个独立的入口,分别通向马桶间和淋浴间。就算是家里户型允许做这样的布局,地漏和下水极有可能不在相应的位置上,移起来费时又费事。三分离相比起二分离,对卫生间面积和布局的要求更高。
干湿分离选择方案
卫生间既可以做二分离也可以做三分离,哪种更适合自己家,要分析家里每一个人对于卫生间的要求再决定。
三分离淋浴间,马桶间和洗漱间都比较小,却可以大家同时用。
二分离,淋浴间和淋浴间外的地方很宽敞,却不如三分离干净。
有老人和小孩
小孩刚出生的时候,需要有个大人帮助,在洗澡盆里洗。洗澡盆至少需要850*500mm,单独的淋浴间900*900mm放下洗澡盆就转不开身。做二分离,增大淋浴间的面积,淋浴房选择长方形的三折推拉门,大人在淋浴房外面帮小朋友洗澡。
但小朋友长大去上学,早晨跟爸爸妈妈抢卫生间,三分离就更适合了。来带孩子的老人也会住在家里,老人行动不便,多半需要坐着洗。仅一个浴室折叠凳就要400mm深,淋浴房两旁还要加扶手,确保老人安全。算下来,单独的淋浴间至少需要1370*910mm才够用。更何况,老人往往不喜欢在一个封闭狭小的空间洗澡,做二分离用淋浴帘,老人洗澡的时候拉开帘子,虽然不能干湿分离了,但老人洗澡会更舒服。
妻子和丈夫
女生都希望可以有一个大大的洗手台,化妆卸妆和囤化妆品。丈夫工作累了一天,希望回家能有个地方泡澡,最小的浴缸也要1㎡以上。虽然4㎡可以做三分离,但必然会牺牲洗手台的面积和淋浴间的面积。
4㎡的卫生间,做二分离,因为洗漱区没有隔断,所以可以放1.8㎡大梳妆台+普通淋浴,或者小梳妆台和浴缸,用起来反而比三分离更舒服。
在卫生间洗衣服
在卫生间把脏衣服换下来,顺手放在洗衣机里,去洗澡,是很多人的习惯。
一台8kg的洗衣机要850*600*600mm,二分离因为只做了淋浴间的隔断,淋浴间外面就可以在1.8㎡的洗漱台面下,空出850mm给洗衣机。但三分离放洗衣机,至少需要4.2㎡。
面积小还想做三分离怎么办
可以试试把洗手台扔出去,把墙改成玻璃隔断,墙往外移动。
卫生间的面积不够,可以向客厅和卧室借一部分地方。向外扩墙,只要确认好不是承重墙,拆掉重新建一面轻体墙就可以了。
不要因为家里卫生间够大或者太小,就盲目选择二分离或三分离。
3.5㎡的卫生间,为了干净,也可以做三分离。6㎡的卫生间,为了大浴缸和大梳妆台,也可以做二分离。
在户型和面积这些硬性条件都满足的前提下,多思考自己和家里人用卫生间的习惯,再来选择才是王道。
马桶
马桶的坑距有的是32的和40的两种,根据坑距来选择马桶。如果瓦工不懂这个,抹墙的时候甩起来抹,超过了厚度,买了马桶会放不下去的,就算能放下去也会装偏了,后期也会出现漏水。水箱跟墙之间有那么两公分的距离,这是因为坑距的不标准造成的,这一点施工的时候也要注意。同时卫生间装修安装马桶时候要考虑它的宽度,合理布局。
洗衣机
此外,如果卫生间有安装洗衣机的话,上水可以单独接出一个龙头作为洗衣机专用,下水直接将排水管插到地漏里,地漏更换一个洗衣机专用的地漏就可以了,固定好就不要再移动了。
尺寸参考
插座点位参考
收纳
卫生间空间狭小,瓶罐却异常繁多,很多卫生间面积不过三四平米,瓶罐却高达上百个。
想让空间整洁清爽,最有效的办法就是减少进入视线物品的信息量,面积狭小的卫生间里,大大小小、高矮胖瘦、色彩各异还自带各种标签,很容易引发视觉维度和心理层面的混乱感。
明露摆放是凌乱感的诱因,隐藏收纳才是清爽的根本,就像挂墙的层板架、吸盘储物盒、多层转角架都是凌乱感的重要构成部分。
但也不是简单粗暴的拎个带门柜将物品塞进去了事。
浴室柜材质
了解卫生间收纳,我们先从浴室柜的材质入手:
PVC
PVC材质的浴室柜一般以PVC作为吸塑面板,经过真空热压吸附在密度板或防潮板上,因此有很好的防潮性能。PVC是用乙烯基聚合的物质,抗温度很强,不过抗腐蚀能力就会差一点。
优点:防潮防水性能好,使用寿命会比较长。由于PVC易加工,设计款式很丰富。性价比也很高,因此受到大众喜欢。
缺点:PVC材质的浴室柜不易放重量大的物品,一般的日用品是没有问题的。PVC材质容易褪色,如果保养不好,会很影响整体的美观度。
人造石
人造石又称高分子材料,是由矿石粉、颜料等材质结合而成的复合材料,国内的人造石质量和制作工艺有一定差异,人造石材质的浴室柜在价格和质量都有很大的差别,这是挑选时需要注意的。
优点:人造石材质的浴室柜外观高雅有质感,并具有防腐蚀、防渗透的良好性能。
缺点:人造石不耐磨,易损坏,任何材质的人造石的巴氏硬度(国际上广泛才用的一种硬度门类,玻璃的巴氏硬度在45-55之间)都在58-62之间,所以经不起金属等锐利材质的摩擦。另外人造石材质的浴室柜色彩和款式会比较单一,在装修风格上较难匹配,一般只适用于北欧、美式等装修风格。
实木&多层实木
实木浴室柜以实木为主要基材,采用防水环保漆喷刷处理。建议是有设计干湿分离的浴室安装这样会更好,使用更方便,这样实木浴室柜使用寿命会更长。
优点:实木材质的浴室柜触感好,外观大气,实木材质让人觉得亲近自然。
缺点:防潮性不如其他材质,处于浴室中,如果处理和保养不好,会导致变形和开裂,成本和售价也偏高,因此现在市场中偏小众。
现在还有一种多层实木的材质,用的板材是将原木切成片后再压制而成的。相比实木浴室柜,用多层实木制作的浴室柜最大的优点就是防潮,在干燥、潮湿的环境下不易变形或开裂。缺点是质感比实木稍差,而且做多层实木粘贴的时候会用到一定量胶水。若胶水不够环保或用量过多,可能会有一定的甲醛释放,这是需要注意的。
不锈钢&铝合金
不锈钢材质的浴室柜目前在市场上偏小众,一般采用优质不锈钢板等材料经数道工序加工而成。
优点:不易变形或开裂,防潮防霉。
缺点:受工艺限制,不锈钢浴室柜的造型没什么变化,基本以直线条为主,而且金属属冷色调,与一般家庭装修风格不搭,价格也比较昂贵。不锈钢还容易留下肥皂、洗发水的痕迹。不锈钢容易变暗,失去原来的光彩,因此现在比较少见。
铝合金可以说是不锈钢浴室柜的一个补充,相对于不锈钢浴室柜的制作工艺上更加便捷、价格更低。铝合金表面经过特殊的氧化处理,不会氧化,结实紧固,较为抗压。
优点:牢固耐用,基本采用的都是型材,组装较快。防水性能好,外观色彩也可以有较多的选择。缺点:该材质浴室柜整体显得较单薄,没有厚重感。
浴室柜选择注意
现在很多浴室柜不止用一种材质,越来越多人选择用混合材料制造的浴室柜。比如说台面是用大理石的,柜身用实木的,其外观款式也很多变。其实这类混合的浴室柜更加合理,比如易见水的地方就用PVC或人造石等材料,放置洗漱用品的就用实木材料,这样使用中就不用担心过多,还能满足不同人群的需求。不做干湿分离的话就需要选择防潮性能比较强的材质,比如PVC、不锈钢、实木等。
浴室柜从造型上分落地式和悬挂式的。悬挂式浴室柜顾名思义,浴室柜是悬挂在墙上的。落地式即落地放置的浴室柜,落地式的浴室柜易有卫生死角,柜体容易受潮,选择的时候需要考虑到这一点。
镜柜收纳
相比于地柜,悬挂式的镜柜是更为便捷的选择,既能方便存储,又比普通的悬挂式浴室柜多出镜子的功能,一柜两用。卫生间是水汽最多的空间,空间内低于一米处明显比高于1米处要潮湿,而落地式浴室柜很明显在1米以下(浴室柜明显低于腰线(988mm)),每次拿东西都要弯腰(抽屉)或蹲下(对开门),况且化妆品和卷纸一类很明显不适合在浴室柜存放。
取放如此麻烦,人在使用中自然就会回避,渐渐就会闲置,从人体工程学而言,眼睛和指尖之间的高度是不需要弯腰,不需要抬肩的轻松拿取高度。
A区(镜柜中下部)B区(台面)、C区(浴室柜顶部),三者均在最佳收纳的高度范围内。
C区受洗脸盆影响,几乎没有利用的空间,A区若用镜面而不是镜柜的话那收纳区域也不存在,D区容量虽大,但使用不便,此时,唯一的选择只剩下B区,自然而然随着时间东西就会越来越多出现在台面上。
说到此处,其实答案已经呼之欲出,镜柜才是卫浴收纳的核心,相比易受潮由拿取不便的浴室柜下部空间,位于上部的镜柜更适合用来做收纳,高度位于1m以上,相对干燥,动作上在平视范围,拿取轻松不费力。此外,推荐选择带有除雾功能的镜柜,使用起来比较方便。
如果可以,镜柜完全不用局限于只存在在浴室柜上方,可以在马桶上方,也可以在洗衣机上方,镜面的反射效应能很明显的削减卫生间的局促感。
组件高度一代为1.3m,二代后为0.8m高,是最适合镜柜的尺寸空间。同时,镜柜不用只局限于台盆上,可以一直延伸到马桶那一侧,这样高度正合适,储物又大的空间比地柜好用数倍。
无法收进储物柜的物品
卫生间的淋浴是潮气产生的源头,牙杯不控水干净时间久就会发黑发霉,牙刷在潮湿的环境更容易细菌的滋生,这些不塞进去都有问题塞进去情况更为严重,该如何处理?
建议依然是塞进去,不过要取点巧,也就是在镜柜内做点不一样的。
关于牙杯控水的问题,镜柜有一部分是没有底板的,而且在背板上安装了控水架,刷牙后,牙杯挂置,水完全能滴到下方平台上(面池内)。
关于牙刷,用牙刷消毒器,镜柜内要补一路电源,方便安装,这样,除毛巾外所有的就都收入镜柜内了,毛巾可以敞开挂在盆下了,不用挤在几个挂钩上或者是在墙的一侧。
采光
如果卫生间里正好有扇窗户,那么自然光线的照射就是最廉价的方法。认真对待卫生间窗户,无论其样式如何或者规模多大,传输外界光源的窗户有助于扩大空间。
窗型
推拉窗
卫生间若是窗口足够大,可以做『推拉窗』,通风效果好、开启也非常方便,不会与室内设施冲突。
平开窗
但是大部分卫生间一般窗户洞口较小(洞口小,做不了推拉窗),或者有降低噪声、保温隔热需求时,密封性好的平开窗更适合;平开窗还可以全开启,保证了较大的通风空间。
内开内倒
部分窗户开口位置较高,不方便开启。可以选择安全性、隐私性及通风柔和的内开内倒窗,可以长期开启保持通风状态(下雨天也能自由通风)。洗澡时内倒开启,可以避免出现憋闷感,内倒窗可以控制进风量,且改变空气流向,让风更加柔和均匀,让人不易因为吹风而感冒。
悬窗
当卫生间窗户处于开启状态而成为薄弱环节时,我们还可以采用悬窗,同时利用开启方向和角度来有效避免外来视线。因此综合(通风/私密)两方面考虑,卫生间窗户选用外开上悬窗(可根据实际情况安装纱扇)比较合适。
室内窗
如果卫生间的墙面不是承重墙的话,可以砸掉部分墙面做室内窗,或者在墙面嵌入玻璃砖,透光性好,而且防水隔音。
玻璃
卫生间窗户不建议采用透明玻璃+帘子这样的方案,一块简单的磨砂玻璃就能解决所有问题~既不影响采光、保护隐私,又好清洁。在购买磨砂玻璃时,需注意:
① 磨砂玻璃有单面磨砂和双面磨砂的区别,室外看进来,双面磨砂比单面磨砂的效果更加模糊。
② 如果选购的是单面磨砂玻璃,要把磨砂面放在手摸不到的中空层或室内侧,因为磨砂面遇水会变透明。
还可以选择中空玻璃内置百叶,通过手动/磁控或者电动的方式任意调整角度,隔绝外部视线,隐秘性和装饰性俱佳;自由调节光线,十分时尚美观;百叶在中空玻璃内部,不积灰、也不用清洁;夏季还能遮阳防晒。
注意事项
1、窗户不要过高,门窗设计时要考虑吊顶高度,不然可能会留下吊顶与窗框之间有缝隙、纱窗不好装、维修困难等后续问题。
2、平开窗的执手位置要协调好,毕竟执手位置合适与否,一定程度上决定了开窗体验。
3、注意开启扇的位置,防止窗扇与洗手池、花洒、淋浴间门、浴缸等设施冲突。
照明
如果卫生间没有窗户,又没法开窗,那么我们就要从照明下手。首先是卫生间的照明系统用一些柔和一些的,晚上上厕所眼睛也舒服点。然后,为了增加光照,除了利用通铺白色一体式墙地砖增加光线折射,直接加灯是简单粗暴又有效的,强烈建议在主灯之外,再加入其它的辅助灯光。
例如洗漱区灯光,在洗漱区,人们要对着镜子刮胡子、化妆,将自己的外观打扮好,还要看看自己的脸色以判断当天的健康状况。因此,将脸部照清楚是洗漱区照明中最关键的。
镜子周围安装壁灯时,通常要让光线照射到脸和上部两侧(壁灯在离地1800mm为宜);镜子两侧没有安装灯具位置时,一般在上方安装LED条形灯管。
脸部照明最好的灯具叫做“百老汇灯光”,就是在镜子周围安装一圈霜面玻璃小灯泡。在演员化妆间内比较多见。若无额外需求,觉得另外安装照明比较麻烦且不美观,建议选择带灯、带除雾的镜柜,更加方便合理。
卫生间主灯则可以往马桶和淋浴区中间调整,避免淋浴区偏暗;镜前灯和主灯的色温(冷暖光)要保持一致,否则会照得人脸上发蓝或发暗,特别丑。
如果镜子后面是储物柜时,利用柜门挡住的部分也能实现间接照明,但因没有直接照射在脸部的光线,难免缺乏立体感。而且,面池通常反光能力不错,将光反射到面部,表现的脸色并不自然。
装饰
装饰观叶植物
厕所和植物的组合搭配,其实是最合适不过的了。地板、墙壁、窗边和马桶水槽上都可以装饰。比如马桶水箱上装饰绿植,放置的小绿植是向上伸展。水箱上装饰绿植的场合,比较容易整理的不是向下垂,而是向上长的类型。
再比如用长1.2米的玻璃板做成的墙壁搁架,上面装饰绿植。混凝土风味的墙壁+玻璃板+花草=如屋外庭院中一样的时尚空间的演出。狭小厕所中如果要想设置隔板,与木板隔板相比,透明的玻璃隔板更适合,不会产生压迫感。
装饰镜子
狭小,没有窗子的厕所,最推荐的是在墙壁上设置镜子的装饰方法。镜子,能让狭小空间看着明亮更开放的效果,是狭小空间中应该积极导入使用的素材。纵长、圆形、椭圆形等各种形状的镜子,如何好看地装饰在狭小卫浴厕所中,以下是可参考的实例。
银色框架的纵长镜子装饰例。壁纸不是白色的,整个厕所是系统型的,所有功能被整合在了一起。
然后就是在系统厕所的上面的墙壁上设置一个镜子,长方形散发着银色光泽,让这个厕所看着干净,用着时尚。特别是没有窗子的厕所中,如果要想设置镜子的话,正对着厕所开门的位置上设置镜子后,能为小厕所马上增加出开放感。
灰色的木框镜子装饰狭小厕所的例子。北欧印象的厕所时,这个绝对可以作为参考,甚至照搬。这些都是镜子下面是水槽的例子,当然厕所中也一样,没有问题。
铺设地毯
说到厕所中可用到的地毯,脑中肯定会浮想出在马桶下的地板上铺设的按着马桶底部形状而成的地毯。其实不用这样麻烦的地毯,用诸如宜家10元钱一块的迷你尺寸的地毯就可能。铺设地毯的场合,毛巾、小物、装饰画等,各种内部用的东西都要形成色调上的一致,这样装饰出来的才会显得很时尚。
比如下面这个马桶前铺设着深茶色的纵长地毯,墙壁上则采用了浅棕色的色调装饰。墙面上铺就的是大理石,匍匐着高级感的厕所,虽然空间全体不大,甚至说很小。地毯和墙画的色调机组合方法,同样可用于其他色调装饰厕所时的参考。
贴墙纸
在装饰厕所时,很一般都会选择白色,或者选择不显眼的米色或者前奶油色的壁纸涂料瓷砖。但是如果改变一下墙纸,厕所的氛围马上会发生变化。最近自己DIY装饰开始流行起来,还有更简单地可自己装饰的材料也不断涌现,比如自粘性防水墙纸。
除了这些图案之外,我比较推荐的砖调和木调的墙纸。这样的墙纸现在很容易就能入手,随时可以为自家的狭小厕所换个心情换个模样。
装搁板装饰
厕所的角落,设置多块正方形的隔板后,毛巾或者装饰小物都可以放在上面。
巧用间接照明
间接照明能让空间产生进深感,用好所产生的效果非常显著。
比如下面这个马桶水箱上面的墙壁上,设置3个竖着排列的橘色壁灯的例子。向上的光带来的柔和的光亮度,正合适,在晚上尤其会让人感觉舒适。在这样的厕所中,大用小用都是“享受”。
装饰墙画艺术画
装饰画,选择好的话,是能简单让室内变得时尚起来的道具。比如下面这个马桶水箱后面的墙壁上,装饰着玛丽莲梦露的大幅艺术肖像的装饰画的例子。清爽干净的卫浴中,只用一幅装饰画就能极具提升空间的时尚感。
同样水箱后面的墙壁上,黑色相框中单色调装饰手绘的密集装饰画,4幅纵向排列装饰的例子。同样风格的装饰画装饰在一起的时候更增时尚度。
干花
卫生间还可以装饰一些干花,干花的外表既能够提高颜值,也能够遮盖臭味。散发出的香味清淡,不会造成刺鼻现象。
以上就是针对卫生间装修的一些建议了,希望能够对你有所帮助。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间是家庭装修中比较小区域的事情,面积不大很多人就不会重视,但是卫生间其实是很重要的装修环节,如果没有装修好,就会很影响使用效果,降低生活质量。所以装修卫生间就要非常注意一些细节,下面就来看看我们如何装修卫生间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8Ayo2eA8KkmmI2sJggjO7Q"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"水管铺设","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSUUSs0YEaYq4AbwoEEt9Od"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间隐蔽工程之一就是卫生间水管的安装,卫生间想要发挥本身区域的卫浴功能,那是绝对离不开对于水的使用的,因此,卫生间水管的安装是十分重要的一件事,如果在施工过程中留下的隐患,那么之后不仅仅是水管的修理工作麻烦,还会由于卫生间无法正常使用而对居住生活造成麻烦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn60Qs0KYcA4qwycfHlxkLQg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"具体步骤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQCQGKycwGMQchB0ag2HTAi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、正式安装卫生间水管之前,要根据水管需要使用的空间大小,确定好好铺设瓷砖的需要的空间尺寸,具体的可以根据选择使用的瓷砖厚度来确定需要留存的面积尺寸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn82W6miwSOgW6AvXBAobA4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、在进行水管管道的布局定位时,要确定好水槽的位置、水龙头的位置、上水口和下水口的位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYcM2uWUmEiSqcLp5NMUld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、在安装进水管道的室内阀门之前,要确定好水管管道和水管配件是否完好,是否有裂口、洞眼。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni8IiSCkMUk2uWRs9N7upjb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":287,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"具体步骤","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/98bbbfb82d1c485484ea6bcbba23d3e7","width":526},"text":"","id":"doxcnSSS6oUi0SCq4UzN3y085id"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、无论是卫生间墙面的水管安装,还是地面的水管安装,尽量不要使用衔接零件,从而减少卫生间的漏电发生。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAYoIYSwWMECc0ECHsTHzud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、淋浴设置的左右冷热水管要区分清楚之后再进行安装,包括淋浴的水阀也是,并且依据淋浴的安装位置安装好出水口。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8wIcUaQQIkIk8n5TOSK6fh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":322,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"具体步骤","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7e5fd735110847b2986e6acca42093fa","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcn6GQwoGMiyyS2OurH0UF9Fb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"六、抽水马桶的进水管安装,尽量利用能被抽水马桶遮掩住的地方,装饰效果看上去会雅观一些,同时要注意抽水马桶的型号大小来安装出水口,一面造成材料的浪费。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoQg6a6KqSayqyAfTqGageg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"七、墙面上用来准备洗手池的出水口高度要确认好,不要太高也不能太低,并且尽量不要把软管直接暴露在外面,看上去不美观,同时要注意保留好可以安装储物柜的墙面高度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUIQEEmQKsgeSie643WNfgf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"八、卫生间水管的管道布局既不能有弯绕,也不能太过靠近电路设置,水管卡口的位置要设置均匀,所有水阀阀口要安装紧密。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaWMqucAMi8iSy2z1ByDKTe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"具体步骤","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/823d0f3f988a4ea197bf7f346f32c2ca","width":527},"text":"","id":"doxcnKuiyYOsW2uyiSqitpi4eJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"九、卫生间水管的布局大多数会选择从天花板走,同时冷热水管要遵循好左热右冷的顺序,接出口要平方行布置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUmAOUYsKsgEuEebYqqdOmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十、卫生间水管全部安装完毕后,需要进行压力检测,检测的压力标准必须要大于6公斤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnui84oOUoe6iwlRXMo9IobJ"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"包管","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWEAcogguGe0WcZZWFm96eb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"安装之后,现在一般的水管铺设都需要包立管,不包的很少。包立管的施工方法有很多种,比较常见的主要有砖砌法、木龙骨法、轻钢龙骨、水泥板这4种,主要材质有红砖、水泥板、pvc和瓷砖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaYWW8gaCQauwmYz0uiKdnb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"红砖包管","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8aaGqusAQygsUPxOT7AsGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"红砖包管是最普遍的方式,操作也比较简单,就是将管道用红砖红砖砌筑,在红砖的表面用水泥砂浆将其磨平然后贴上面砖就可以了。用红砖包管可以有效的隔音,同时不易变形、使用寿命较长,当然红砖包管也存在比较大的缺点如:占用的空间比较大,对于面积比较小的卫生间来说是一个很大的缺点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSeGiu8seUIcwaQVCg8aD2c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":393,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"红砖包管","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/be1bc705f5d640079760beeabafca2d6","width":551},"text":"","id":"doxcn8eqqi6qm64IUMTl0GBrrFc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"水泥板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyYiEmOKosaGCaQhTV8gCHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水泥板是一种比较节省空间的包管方式,主要是利用轻钢龙骨进行基础的打底,然后加入水泥压力板进行包管。水泥板包管比较节省空间,让空间得到更大的利用,但是由于卫生间比较潮湿,这种情况下会热胀冷缩,在瓷砖的阴阳角处肯定会出现裂缝的情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAIaqmk4WgoYIaaMhHkgQQc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":412,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"水泥板","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b3f2377d4bf74c3ba5880dfd4d1c6441","width":550},"text":"","id":"doxcnegS2OMMQQg2w42S87Nk3mc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"pvc材质包管","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK4aeCaomwoCsEXN79nHgDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间包管方法中的pvc材质包管是一种新型的包管方式,pvc材质包管的优势有操作简单、成本低廉、对包管的技术要求非常的低、防潮、防水、不易变形等优势.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE2s8okWeQ4qg8s59XcUqwb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":407,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"pvc材质包管","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d4d5eee1c575477ca2087bc726444be9","width":543},"text":"","id":"doxcnCg064YEaisuSYXa5zKcFTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"但是pvc材质包管存在着很多的不足,pvc材质的颜色单一装饰效果不好,不容易与其它的装饰物进行协调,同时pvc材质的碰撞性极为的差,在使用过程中很容易毁坏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQU2qqUsoOimMQfkXJAqlgf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"瓷砖包管","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq6ekw4KIwq6o2rrvJibpRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间包管方法中的瓷砖包管一般都是比较专业的贴砖师傅来进行操作的,具体方法就是用云石胶把地砖进行粘贴,然后用水泥砂浆将面砖贴上,瓷砖包管的装饰性比较的好,可以根据需要进行不同的选择,瓷砖包管的选择面比较的大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWyqaMgKcmUCCojjavTDPyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时瓷砖包管不会占有较大的空间,对卫生间空间的节约非常的最有帮助,但是瓷砖包管也有其不足就是瓷砖包管方式处理的包管碰撞行非常的差,使用寿命不及红砖包管。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQIuowIKUOkmCOYpA0lhjKg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"瓷砖包管","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5cb094f9b0fe48d8a884592aa7349997","width":624},"text":"","id":"doxcnEOom482Qims0KcwhqFUEag"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于隔音棉","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8gIcYGEKeM08mqJvjYzvmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"很多人会用隔音棉包水管,这个确实效果很好,但是你需要把顶子上所有能看到的管子都包起来,不然光包立管是不起作用的。还有楼层低的很可能发生堵塞情况,这种楼层做好留出检修口,不然一旦发生意外包管都需要拆除。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKi0YM62U8qOo0Orkb4kkIc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于保温","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyE6KoUYM2S4iK8d28GXZWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要做水管保温的话,水管与水管之间要分开距离,保温棉有造成贴砖空鼓的风险。同时因为水管包了保温棉,地砖铺贴的砂浆厚度会随之增厚,室内层高也会跟着矮一点。进水管走天花,必须要做保温棉,以防止造成天花发霉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKyOQyOCKmiA4yigYZFD3Xe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"防水防滑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSmsomCAWgis2Sabc85RM6f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"铺设材料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMGYQSccqe6Wcy0sReCdwpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间是用水量最大最潮湿的地方,我们要先把卫生间地面和墙面找平,再做防水处理,这样才能避免防水会因为涂刷薄厚不均匀导致渗漏。另外防水要在材料选择上做文章,下面介绍几种常见的防水材料:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsuK4UYeKaMcsCC9XswsCOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水泥浆类防水材料:这是一种新兴的防水材料,它的价格合理,具有非常好的防水效果,是目前非常受欢迎的一种卫生间防水材料。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng0AiA48WKUc0WgbNly7peg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":423,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"铺设材料","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7e3e6ba3f20e486caea225d501a4e533","width":748},"text":"","id":"doxcnyu6AKgAyOYYm83AzTwR2Jg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"丙烯酸防水材料:无色无味,是通过材料的结膜来达到防水目的的,它具有很好的延展性和弹性,也是一种很好的卫生间防水材料。但这类材料的造价比较高,因此选择时也要慎重。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEY088wi0Mq2iiCtB65LIEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"聚合物高分子防水材料:同样具有较好的延展性和弹性,也没有任何颜色和味道,十分具有环保性,但是它也有缺点,它不能与任何物品发生碰撞,否则会导致防水膜破裂而漏水,并且这类防水材料的价格也比较高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKgwMaOgQwsIASiHMqKnP9e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":468,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"铺设材料","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/afca3389977447b8abd4bfa353f88619","width":699},"text":"","id":"doxcnggg0oWKuygSkgVvzJCcYQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"聚氨酯防水涂料:主要是液体状,它分为焦油型和非焦油型两种。非焦油型涂料是目前市场上最常用的一种卫生间防水材料。这种材料质量稳定,污染小,耐老化性好,有良好的粘接性和增水性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4cwGyoikgQKUbHwYkNrUoI"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":413,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"铺设材料","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e252a7c8c64f4c91b5283815d67cf862","width":699},"text":"","id":"doxcncGmwAIMWwMY0MZmdSk1Ued"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"装修完之后还要注意卫生间要经常","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"通风","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",才能保持干燥。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwA08wqgasuEm49ITcWflog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其次在做防水的时候,一定要涂到位,比如墙和地面之间的接缝处,上下管道和地面的接缝处,这些地方如果处理不好,那就很容易出现渗漏的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMkeOS0QuMO6OUTKu5hoPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"墙面的防水层一般都不会做满墙,但考虑到卫生间的水汽,墙面还是做满墙的防水吧!这样也可以避免水汽跑到同墙的其他房间,出现发霉等情况的出现,当然也就卫生间需要做满墙。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniu4868c2sk6A0O1T4L6Gxf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":626,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"铺设材料","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/287803409ac242668e804a7470e47ebe","width":829},"text":"","id":"doxcn82My04ceQSS8A1El3t570g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"防水试验","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqu2GS6A0UQ8MCMyMVUNqNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间的防水层做好之后,自然也是需要做防水试验的。先把卫生间的下水全部堵住,卫生间门口也要保护下,准备工作做好之后再放水。在48小时候之后,就可以检查墙面和地面有没有渗漏。也要提前和楼下的邻居打招呼,这样才能及时观察。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOoImIyYagMaUCeJuLjDZih"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"防滑防潮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAWamcWiMkCIQwP9MDlmD0e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"瓷砖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2kYocgCo8i8WyEJIUP85rf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间的瓷砖要防滑,可以避免家里的老人孩子在卫生间洗漱时候滑倒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny8I02oO8gAg4KszrCqUU9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果卫生间铺地暖,那么在铺地砖的时候,我们要记得首先要选择那种小的瓷砖,最大的也不要超过四百剩四百的。有的人喜欢把大地砖破开,破成四份,比如八百乘八百的分割成四份就是四百剩四百的,这样的砖是可以的,三百乘三百的是最好的。整大块的地砖不适合铺卫生间,不容易找坡度,因为卫生间有水要往一个往地漏方向流,需要找出坡度,那找出这个坡度就需要用小砖来进行铺贴。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCYy4wCiMgQWmM1T2qG9vGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间装修铺砖的时候,瓦工进场施工之前,一定先把这卫生间量一下,看看是方正的还是长方形的,那么是两个对等的边角,一定是一般长的,不能说一边大一边小是斜的这都不好。如果说一边大一边小,比如说从门口到窗户一边大一边小,那在铺设过门石铺完挡水条,就挡水条与门之间,这就出现斜着的情况,那么你两边墙如果是斜的,那么就会出现家具靠不了边这种情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncQyIoOmw60IISMaMqkj8Vb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"作为有经验的瓦工,进场第一件事情,就是应该测量水平,放水平线然后做门窗和房间的方正。那么如果说卫生间空间本身就不是方正的,就是开发商留下的就不对,或者是老房子本身就歪瓜裂枣的,那就需要找平,以免铺设瓷砖凹凸不平后续造成清理困难。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEias8kQQM6uMiUbMdsyrag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在铺设瓷砖之后,卫生间这类对防水防霉要求比较高的空间,可以选择深色的勾缝剂,或者部分区域用玻璃胶和环氧彩砂,当然还可以选择美缝剂、瓷缝剂等来解决瓷砖缝隙不美观和脏黑问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0QoK8MGyYAK6iOOj1Rlk6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间空间比较潮湿,所以在装修时候最好做一个排风扇的装置。潮湿的卫生间会容易滋生细菌。做一个排风扇可以有效的缓解潮湿抑制生霉菌。不过最好是有一扇窗户,经常通风才是最有效的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncwiEgcceuQWSCCNWnQD6Gg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":537,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"瓷砖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/39eb3ed02810404cbe2430e57b8cc8cc","width":717},"text":"","id":"doxcnQ6O6eW8muCmmuyVaG9b5Vg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"通风","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0KUYkyGKMGUoyy4ZluceGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间的通风问题是重中之重,因为没有新鲜的空气进入,与里面的污浊之气无法产生置换和对流,就容易滋生更多的细菌,导致卫生间又臭又潮,空气问题根本无法改善。一般来说,人们都会安装排气扇,配合着通风管一起将废气排出,然后让外面的新鲜空气补充进来。但是,排气扇的风量很小,只能实现局部的通风换气,且时效较短。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK4CMIKWigMOMWMhmvIxRVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们还可以选择安装抽风机,选好打孔位置以及电源,注意线路铺设之后,按照既定的计划打孔安装即可,如不擅长或者没有把握的,可以交给专业人士安装。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8QuS0c8kYWaQmnHakpBPrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最后,如果你家卫生间的空气问题很严重,那就应该安装效果更佳的新风系统,为家里持续提供新鲜空气,实现真正意义上的空气流通。 新风机器一般是装在厨房卫生间的顶上面,还有阳台都可以放,可以把出风口和回风口布置到每一个房间。安装的时候要注意,进场前和中央空调同时配合起来和木工师傅和交底。一般是先装中央空调,但是那也是配合起来,哪个管道好走,哪个管道该让,都要做好整体配合起来做。这些施工时候一定要做好配合的工作,要做到提前沟通,避免出现错误。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngMugcusEOC6W2h0vNv9gEg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":377,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通风","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f4a8a1b11b98469e941bbf2a4a95094c","width":554},"text":"","id":"doxcnEiesauKAQoKWqMbwuokjHb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"除异味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6wyggGMkCeqQxRhV9IA0nk"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"存水弯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnscgooSGSsYYSk356arK3uh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下水道选择存水弯式密封圈固定会好一些,存水弯的使用原理简单来说就是利用水将异味堵在下面,散发不出来,家里如果是装的直排的无任何密封设计的地漏,那么肯定会经常出现反味的,因为水排出去之后就不能蓄水阻挡异味,很容易出现上窜散发出来。这也是我们选择虹吸式马桶的原因,它有存水弯能够阻挡异味,比直冲式要好。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna4EsciY8WKAs27yT9Rzswe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"地漏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn48AGAGyaGOMSawPi6AVOvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其次是地漏,卫生间的地漏是一个关键点,排污水的重要管道就是地漏,一个卫生间里起码要安装两个地漏,但是地漏很容易安装的很突兀,质量不好的话还需要经常手动清理,所以现在很多家庭都会选择隐形地漏,隐形地漏表面可以镶嵌瓷砖,从而做到与地面的完美融合,而且隐形地漏的防虫、防臭、防返水的功能要比普通地漏强,排水更快更能满足卫生间排污需求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsgkucAsKksgOQ9EpKzWXeg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时,还可选择U型,深水密封性地漏,密封深度可达50mm以上,它的运行原理是使用U型结构的两层孔路径配合存水弯达阻隔臭气的效果,相当的适合卫生间防臭,有很多家庭不知道选择了t型的地漏,这种的有做带重力感应的翻盖设计,一旦有冲水的话,会自动的打开盖子排水,但是容易被头发丝缠绕,造成排水堵塞u型地漏解剖。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMmG2Ii4Mwaui2vUMjDTOhc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":492,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"地漏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d949e035d5f045968d13822d118095b8","width":750},"text":"","id":"doxcnoMiawU0WuQ4ikhptEKFw9g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"法兰圈","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQyo60CMsu0cYsFjJq1TGXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"马桶密封圈没装好会产生异味。马桶与下水管的连接处,有一个密封圈,也叫法兰圈。很多卫生间异味,都是因为密封圈没装好造成的。法兰圈处于马桶的底部,下水口和排水口之间,可以起到密封防止马桶漏水的作用,法兰圈要选择橡皮泥材质做密封,具有很强的可塑性,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"千万不要直接用水泥封死","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",后续使用过程中一旦出现问题出现马桶阻塞,需要维修的话,只需要把马桶移开就可以操作了,而水泥固定之后还需要拆除,损害马桶排污口。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuci8qmGUoAW4A1CAJHYrbg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":487,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"法兰圈","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0d17a00b95ce4562b5a369fa2ba7dba6","width":629},"text":"","id":"doxcnoYkssWKU6sWioPkMigTQhU"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电源插座","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmcGy4s4WIsksc5iTEGNKIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电源插座也是卫生间需要注意的而重点,卫生间的电源插座再也不是只需要一两个就能满足了,现在的卫生间为了满足各种各样的需求要在洗手池、马桶附近也预留两个或者三个电源插座,防患于未然,以免使用的时候因为电源插座不够而不方便。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMoIMyaCE22IE8pCuQBhPQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间装修电线接头处,最好挂锡用防水胶布缠好,水电装修一定要做好,避免后期入住安全隐患。插座和开关在安全上要带上防溅盒,免得水溅到里面引发短路或者触电。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE6MS8M2UeAI8YtbmP7VZPf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电源插座","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6cbdf174e6b94cfdb4dbe9127db720e5","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnY8kKK2Ycoqg0kD0YzqIIAg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"浴霸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO4SAgWUAWg4yKUkqutdyZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"购买浴霸的时候,主要可以选择两种浴霸类型:灯暖型浴霸和风暖型浴霸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS6saoGgQyM0OGQX3KAnqfe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"灯暖型浴霸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ8EssisIsYq2E39ZHnhSwO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"灯暖型浴霸使用特制的红外线石英加热灯泡作为热源,通过","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"热辐射","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"来提高光照区域的温度。具有升温快,功率小,耗电量低的特点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6g480w2oAIYc02WpxrVZMh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":353,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"灯暖型浴霸","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/790b39c55b794bb586904cbd2f113ca3","width":653},"text":"","id":"doxcn2Ao4IeCiKEusH4yBbAoonX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"灯暖型浴霸优势在于:升温快,即开即热,耗电量低,价格便宜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE6w6KmgkCSuKgbsh67zYrc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不足的地方是:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8MYmUOCy6U6I0soHBg6iUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、室内升温范围比较小,有一种头热脚冷的感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMIcKsIqUuMGy8g1bV1NSyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、灯泡发出的强光会对人的眼睛造成损伤。如果家里有小孩子的话,还是建议购买风暖型浴霸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyoOcEsA4Oq8MkHcO0xz4td"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"风暖型浴霸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ8E8ukg6iwqEojXqtuh22e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"风暖型浴霸主要是以PTC陶瓷发热元件作为热源。进风口进来的冷空气,经过PTC陶瓷发热元件加热之后,变成了暖风进入浴室,热风循环流动会提高整个浴室内的温度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWUu4UEaqWC4uCkCPmpbn0f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":355,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"风暖型浴霸","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d865aacb850c4ebeac8c93b29d0ffb07","width":655},"text":"","id":"doxcnWQW4kG442GiOie6C12ETQe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"风暖型浴霸的优势在于:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuMigmyOKUyGSE1xh06LPSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、室内热范围高,热风循环可以提高整个室内温度,不会有灯暖型浴霸那种头热脚冷的感觉;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYoCkwie2QwaoiqqsPyjPyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、没有强光,适合有老人小孩的家庭;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuAqeW0c2mKSGMXhGXPGyMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、功能多,除了取暖、照明、换气这三个基本功能之外,有的风暖型浴霸还带有干燥、智能感应灯功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQq6soesMWaUQ6F1DNFmLHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不足的地方是:相对于灯暖型浴霸的即开即热,风暖型浴霸需要三分钟左右的时间来对浴室进行升温。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk8S2iQsOU2Ow4uY2CUVBKd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选购注意","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni0cksk8MMgC44rA6twQaKg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"类型建议","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwyOMcA2mGc4ww5J8Ysq2sh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"就价格而言,灯暖型浴霸的价格比较便宜,一般在200左右。风暖型浴霸最基础版的价格都在200以上,功能多的话,价格也会更高一点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnySycQs8kmCCwquxfNfEQvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间的吊顶类型也是一个很重要产品筛选项。如果家里是普通吊顶,想要购买风暖型浴霸,在购买之前,要先看一下吊顶的高度和吊顶顶部的空间高度。然后根据这些信息去筛选。如果家里是集成吊顶,无论是灯暖型还是风暖型浴霸,都是适用的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYk0U6CcEg6qEGsZRaOszsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"总的来说,还是更加建议选择风暖型浴霸,舒适性更高。具体选购时,还要注意以下几点:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY80MkMmKoWA2p2O6bz7Gjd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"品牌和3C认证","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoucwywI0kuMkADu413AmEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高功率产品,安全性一定是首要的考虑因素,要买带3C认证的正规品牌产品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGwqocUMk8QuEuSfIhmfQQh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":386,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"品牌和3C认证","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/da9fed8f43974b1cb300f0864fbe43bd","width":651},"text":"","id":"doxcnWOQqYk0UqogiA5eU42PCDd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"风机和箱体","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmSGeWuKmSSS4B9HfiGGrzq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"浴霸最关键的两个器件,就是风机和箱体,它们两个的重要性,相当于人的心脏和躯体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6yIo0mYYWQ6YGKiUxMc3ec"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":446,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"风机和箱体","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/624e185b20304fcdaac25f9be0944019","width":651},"text":"","id":"doxcniAseAGoWa8AyY1guPmSakf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建议不要选择单电机浴霸,要选双电机,暖气、换气、自然风,两个可同时用,使用寿命也更长。另外,电机分为塑封电机和滚珠轴承电机,相比之下,塑封电机轻、噪音小、性能更好,而滚珠轴承电机,在卫生间高湿的环境下,特别容易生锈,不建议选择。而且,如果有拆解机,看一下电机里面用线,铜线电机比铝线更好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0WkgEComACCwcBnhcsQbke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"再就是浴霸的箱体了,市面上常见的浴霸箱体有金属和塑料两种,要选金属机箱,耐高温、散热快、不易变形,使用时间更持久,而塑料在高温环境下易变形、变色、有安全隐患,不建议选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6kuwAWMECEW6M3iLzeXKTh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电机功率","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwQq8miwy8IeSCQgQqYS2rh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选购风暖型浴霸时要考虑卫生间的面积。一般来说,2000W左右的建议3㎡~8㎡面积使用,2400瓦的建议4㎡~9㎡使用,2400瓦及以上的建议6~12㎡左右的面积使用,如果浴室面积较大,做个干湿分离区,取暖效果会更好一点。不要盲目选择大功率,根据实际情况选择就好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncK4Uy6KMm4A0uoQeEALRRf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"发热部件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0YgGgq2amc0gsdXy7DMqlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其实,在挑选浴霸还有一个很重要的部件,很容易被人忽略,那就是发热部件,常见的有ptc陶瓷发热和金属发热两种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAeMOQ0EoAmcayAp4c4Ytag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ptc陶瓷发热,是冷空气经过PTC陶瓷,空气补加热,变成热风,然后从风口吹出后上升,上升过程中散热变冷,再下沉,形成对流,如此循环室温升高。虽然听起来很复杂,但发热均匀、热量稳定,无论是原理还是安全性能,都是非常建议选择的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkes4QAeimYMSm2oY73t5Td"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":314,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发热部件","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/43ff90c9ecef461ca980ed65bfd3ce5e","width":649},"text":"","id":"doxcnIi82owYWg8wGgpafTU0LPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"而所谓的金属发热,简单点理解就是把陶瓷部分换成金属丝,温度过热时会发红,安全性低,不建议选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnauiiEOsiyeQmOqwsp0qPfh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除此之外,还应有电过热保护设置,产品内部的温度过高时,可自动断电。同时,还应有温控设置,吹出暖风不能高于40度,防止高温灼伤皮肤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAIwaig0m2UWQAqX3per7NH"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"开关方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKGeEsYCMIym0ULF3tQuFye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"无线、遥控、触控开关,虽说外表美观,也是近两年新兴的浴霸开关方式,但并不建议选择,因为无线开关需要电磁,故障率高,而遥控开关,一旦接收器损坏,维修成本则很高。相比而言,还是老老实实的有线机械按键,使用方便也更耐用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAMyAWoIWE4oaWURqGorUMf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"安装方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYSyMuaO6CqqY6w3qXgwuub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧风口和百叶的浴霸,可以直接装在淋浴区上方,风会顺着两侧出来,不直吹到人身上,就不会冷。直吹风口的浴霸,最好的安装位置则是浴屏外侧的干区。如果卫生间小,没有干湿区之分,可选择能调节吹风角度的浴霸,只要不对着人吹,效果就很完美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn80CcwwY4qokwuS9L89xSFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意,安装浴霸时要提前打好排气孔,让安装师傅把排气管塞进排气孔里。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngawC0UWIaoOiCKxWpNv7Sh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"布局","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWkKcS6QMs4UWUPdNROOdyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间的合理布局,布局根据自己家卫生间的大小而定,一般来说,卫生间面积比较小的家庭可以选择用浴帘来实现干湿分离,大点的卫生间就用隔断、玻璃门、推拉门的方式完成干湿分离的设计,不论是哪种方式都要根据自己的卫生间大小来定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0MAgOaGcS0Qgmm0QFsxmNb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":499,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"布局","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/98183a8168fe483b9536fb2edd043e8b","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcn6GuSu8OSEQwc6rAGQGn2Fb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"干湿分离","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyOOeiOM8AOOowZYO5xPLNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间装修干湿分离是一定要做的,干湿分明很简单,靠墙角的可以做几个砖砌的小隔板,可以放一些洗发水等小东西。同时还可以做一个玻璃淋浴房设计,这样洗澡就不会造成水喷溅的到处都是了。可以做成推拉门的设计,卫生也是比较好打理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEqA4WgGK4QqeoPzUpZPF6d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"干湿分离","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b4665030104f4e19a73e696a5178f285","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnw0Km88gsqQSiIzIatHD7cd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"干湿分离分两个种类:二分离和三分离。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGCEEw2mSauuY89kMCgyPYH"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二分离","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnge6W2kseCQcKayO8IXxA3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二分离,就是把干区中的马桶和洗脸盆跟湿区的淋浴隔开。洗澡的水不能溅到马桶和洗漱池上。最严格意义上的二分离,是砌轻体墙,做一个单独的淋浴间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSyAEQUGSq60owxUR4FZEQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"但绝大多数家庭,不会只为了淋浴间就砌一面轻体墙,更多还是利用便宜,占地空间又小的淋浴房和淋浴帘。用玻璃做出一个淋浴房,隔水效果也很好,而淋浴帘只能勉强算是二分离,水从淋浴帘底部流出来,还需要挡水条。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqmoUYciYkO8Iyiuddi7EMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二分离的优点在于布局要求没那么高,面积要求没有三分离那么大,马桶的位置不变,高频率使用的洗手台放靠门口的位置,洗澡间放里面就好了。缺点在于二分离的清洁会比三分离差一些。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniu8SIU26WCYQsX6AbBWmsd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三分离","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn88u0Y64uqOaQKjTImkPCWi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三分离相当于二分离的升级。在淋浴被隔开的基础上,进一步把湿区中的马桶隔开,三个人可以同时使用马桶间,洗漱间和淋浴间,互不干扰。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEIm2QE2sm4w8o516ma75Rh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三分离是独立的,需要到洗手台的区域去换衣服,也就是说,洗手台要有一个完全封闭的空间,不能踢到客厅或者走廊去。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmKAkSu2eGuyCetiqBdaZlI"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三分离","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/52b2a20d87f44b9da2f59fa2a5743fbf","width":641},"text":"","id":"doxcns0e0qGmSUMUIuKLidnAGvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要做到互不干扰,马桶间和淋浴间就只能使用不透明的推拉门或者轻体墙。如果仅仅是用玻璃隔断或者淋浴房,洗澡的时候还是能看见马桶上的人。动线之间有干扰,比如说去淋浴房要经过马桶间,也不能算真正的三分离。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna4cWeqaAog2EohkTXPsIvf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三分离的优点在于马桶,洗漱间和淋浴间分开,3个人可以在3个空间里各干各的。另外,三分离对于把马桶间当成游戏室和图书馆的人来说,简直是福音。短暂的从家人,朋友,工作中逃开一会儿,静静的在马桶间刷手机,打游戏,不要太美好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCUSUMUE6UOE6s9vGjycLwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三分离的缺点在于它需要的面积比较大,三分离如果按照长方形来算,淋浴区,马桶间与洗手台算下来,加上中间的两堵轻体墙,至少需要3.5㎡,如果按照按照L型来算,也至少需要3.4㎡。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncyaSgk84GwakIJddzsn9ah"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":601,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三分离","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6b959fffeb80438e97b6c6e14e5b3c15","width":1122},"text":"","id":"doxcncy2mSacCoEGk2Nblt5lr8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三分离的布局要考虑淋浴间,马桶间和洗手台都是独立的,就需要至少两个独立的入口,分别通向马桶间和淋浴间。就算是家里户型允许做这样的布局,地漏和下水极有可能不在相应的位置上,移起来费时又费事。三分离相比起二分离,对卫生间面积和布局的要求更高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsUSqAguK6gU0i6t6D2NWdg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"干湿分离选择方案","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2GGwyEIE0kWI2nllklrKyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间既可以做二分离也可以做三分离,哪种更适合自己家,要分析家里每一个人对于卫生间的要求再决定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsUe6qUw2QmYASmdyLaii2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三分离淋浴间,马桶间和洗漱间都比较小,却可以大家同时用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaieSgkgacIO8Avc7CKNLee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二分离,淋浴间和淋浴间外的地方很宽敞,却不如三分离干净。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq4GwiwaKwAye29SVJ9wknc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"有老人和小孩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaw8OCuwmkScqERKWzhN2ab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小孩刚出生的时候,需要有个大人帮助,在洗澡盆里洗。洗澡盆至少需要850*500mm,单独的淋浴间900*900mm放下洗澡盆就转不开身。做二分离,增大淋浴间的面积,淋浴房选择长方形的三折推拉门,大人在淋浴房外面帮小朋友洗澡。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCEqoge8Ky8yWXoT49aCQxr"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":186,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"有老人和小孩","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0254d6dd7ae44601a49b467443a00265","width":439},"text":"","id":"doxcnCm24i82UcyKm4Rbsiw9zsG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"但小朋友长大去上学,早晨跟爸爸妈妈抢卫生间,三分离就更适合了。来带孩子的老人也会住在家里,老人行动不便,多半需要坐着洗。仅一个浴室折叠凳就要400mm深,淋浴房两旁还要加扶手,确保老人安全。算下来,单独的淋浴间至少需要1370*910mm才够用。更何况,老人往往不喜欢在一个封闭狭小的空间洗澡,做二分离用淋浴帘,老人洗澡的时候拉开帘子,虽然不能干湿分离了,但老人洗澡会更舒服。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoG6ggQUGw4Q6uCyqAVt6sc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"妻子和丈夫","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugIeisQCAiGWUnR4AQ8REf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"女生都希望可以有一个大大的洗手台,化妆卸妆和囤化妆品。丈夫工作累了一天,希望回家能有个地方泡澡,最小的浴缸也要1㎡以上。虽然4㎡可以做三分离,但必然会牺牲洗手台的面积和淋浴间的面积。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngwaC4IEmqSYGUHbea21Tpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4㎡的卫生间,做二分离,因为洗漱区没有隔断,所以可以放1.8㎡大梳妆台+普通淋浴,或者小梳妆台和浴缸,用起来反而比三分离更舒服。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyCMqOqqyc4IcUwWu21Dpbb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":433,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"妻子和丈夫","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/74b176cb732847beadf34bf6db27ca82","width":691},"text":"","id":"doxcnmUOKuUACCkUqoflmyIBAIf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"在卫生间洗衣服","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoaUwUUMwauSkGOUwJRkLpd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在卫生间把脏衣服换下来,顺手放在洗衣机里,去洗澡,是很多人的习惯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKw2W6OsyisSSmihANZiEKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一台8kg的洗衣机要850*600*600mm,二分离因为只做了淋浴间的隔断,淋浴间外面就可以在1.8㎡的洗漱台面下,空出850mm给洗衣机。但三分离放洗衣机,至少需要4.2㎡。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqASOwcumIk0O29zmf2iGdg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"面积小还想做三分离怎么办","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKMK0KC6YWQMAMXVy51No0d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以试试把洗手台扔出去,把墙改成玻璃隔断,墙往外移动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIu6UAysKaiiWoNMemlzwyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间的面积不够,可以向客厅和卧室借一部分地方。向外扩墙,只要确认好不是承重墙,拆掉重新建一面轻体墙就可以了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2AOASCmGguYGGOM38LZdeg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不要因为家里卫生间够大或者太小,就盲目选择二分离或三分离。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn60SiUUQe04YyQfK8UdgPke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.5㎡的卫生间,为了干净,也可以做三分离。6㎡的卫生间,为了大浴缸和大梳妆台,也可以做二分离。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"dox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],"text":"","id":"doxcnaa2uGSUai24YWSap6seh5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PVC材质的浴室柜一般以PVC作为吸塑面板,经过真空热压吸附在密度板或防潮板上,因此有很好的防潮性能。PVC是用乙烯基聚合的物质,抗温度很强,不过抗腐蚀能力就会差一点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKeMUMCC44QqsWN2QghsNrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"优点:防潮防水性能好,使用寿命会比较长。由于PVC易加工,设计款式很丰富。性价比也很高,因此受到大众喜欢。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniWsoMsWECsqaKw4nZJ9cKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"缺点:PVC材质的浴室柜不易放重量大的物品,一般的日用品是没有问题的。PVC材质容易褪色,如果保养不好,会很影响整体的美观度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMwweIqKQcsUEwJ0uXf7gof"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":272,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"PVC","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3fb420f18d104e16b973266193ca334d","width":498},"text":"","id":"doxcnyyg2WymQ6oMAU53NDClGse"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"人造石","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOYqAy4mcGEisew21McAPxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"人造石又称高分子材料,是由矿石粉、颜料等材质结合而成的复合材料,国内的人造石质量和制作工艺有一定差异,人造石材质的浴室柜在价格和质量都有很大的差别,这是挑选时需要注意的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniKCOmmgaAqQMQ9MTLgPlMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"优点:人造石材质的浴室柜外观高雅有质感,并具有防腐蚀、防渗透的良好性能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8MgQu0ACS8acVnJUjfH3I3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 缺点:人造石不耐磨,易损坏,任何材质的人造石的巴氏硬度(国际上广泛才用的一种硬度门类,玻璃的巴氏硬度在45-55之间)都在58-62之间,所以经不起金属等锐利材质的摩擦。另外人造石材质的浴室柜色彩和款式会比较单一,在装修风格上较难匹配,一般只适用于北欧、美式等装修风格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU44K820my40AqttHIHoThb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":333,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"人造石","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1e53420e060d4910b3be8e38958c04ee","width":502},"text":"","id":"doxcnSekkOkCkaWuAaads3CvDIb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"实木\u0026多层实木","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnieAKIYeqqwcUA7xC3TbGKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"实木浴室柜以实木为主要基材,采用防水环保漆喷刷处理。建议是有设计干湿分离的浴室安装这样会更好,使用更方便,这样实木浴室柜使用寿命会更长。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnigAakGCQEgSSG4kUZsEMgf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"优点:实木材质的浴室柜触感好,外观大气,实木材质让人觉得亲近自然。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEm2G0uyYWecGA9AHPI0HKd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"缺点:防潮性不如其他材质,处于浴室中,如果处理和保养不好,会导致变形和开裂,成本和售价也偏高,因此现在市场中偏小众。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn28YOwoGC2SmmSCzwixej7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现在还有一种多层实木的材质,用的板材是将原木切成片后再压制而成的。相比实木浴室柜,用多层实木制作的浴室柜最大的优点就是防潮,在干燥、潮湿的环境下不易变形或开裂。缺点是质感比实木稍差,而且做多层实木粘贴的时候会用到一定量胶水。若胶水不够环保或用量过多,可能会有一定的甲醛释放,这是需要注意的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIMsUu64cQIyEqUTHlrU2Dc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":282,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"实木\u0026多层实木","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/66c098b1dbf24130a5382227a37f0f5f","width":501},"text":"","id":"doxcn4syYaScMkYC669MV6AXude"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"不锈钢\u0026铝合金","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCu8GWywWQ68g1vSbCMyrpP"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不锈钢材质的浴室柜目前在市场上偏小众,一般采用优质不锈钢板等材料经数道工序加工而成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAyqeeggOSi8MWI9eF0l2Pg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"优点:不易变形或开裂,防潮防霉。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniqoWQyEuiOaa0u50h0pckd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"缺点:受工艺限制,不锈钢浴室柜的造型没什么变化,基本以直线条为主,而且金属属冷色调,与一般家庭装修风格不搭,价格也比较昂贵。不锈钢还容易留下肥皂、洗发水的痕迹。不锈钢容易变暗,失去原来的光彩,因此现在比较少见。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwGqkwOEA46CSKzD87vyGV9"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":297,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"不锈钢\u0026铝合金","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/881fb89c1273421fb7456f6d95a23b8f","width":501},"text":"","id":"doxcnIsmYKouuWS64kz6mAneo9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"铝合金可以说是不锈钢浴室柜的一个补充,相对于不锈钢浴室柜的制作工艺上更加便捷、价格更低。铝合金表面经过特殊的氧化处理,不会氧化,结实紧固,较为抗压。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna88IEWYqAQSe0qzPpzPsMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"优点:牢固耐用,基本采用的都是型材,组装较快。防水性能好,外观色彩也可以有较多的选择。缺点:该材质浴室柜整体显得较单薄,没有厚重感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYmWmKSaUgMyAieSEJU6QEd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"浴室柜选择注意","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnasQ6EGAMI68qWS8KyRbsTc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现在很多浴室柜不止用一种材质,越来越多人选择用混合材料制造的浴室柜。比如说台面是用大理石的,柜身用实木的,其外观款式也很多变。其实这类混合的浴室柜更加合理,比如易见水的地方就用PVC或人造石等材料,放置洗漱用品的就用实木材料,这样使用中就不用担心过多,还能满足不同人群的需求。不做干湿分离的话就需要选择防潮性能比较强的材质,比如PVC、不锈钢、实木等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkccqsymgGwk4CER6S1L9Nb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"浴室柜从造型上分落地式和悬挂式的。悬挂式浴室柜顾名思义,浴室柜是悬挂在墙上的。落地式即落地放置的浴室柜,落地式的浴室柜易有卫生死角,柜体容易受潮,选择的时候需要考虑到这一点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4UaCwU6s0eK40iwau9Fp8J"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"镜柜收纳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWQCoICqU20oG5qiDaUCoB3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"相比于地柜,悬挂式的镜柜是更为便捷的选择,既能方便存储,又比普通的悬挂式浴室柜多出镜子的功能,一柜两用。卫生间是水汽最多的空间,空间内低于一米处明显比高于1米处要潮湿,而落地式浴室柜很明显在1米以下(浴室柜明显低于腰线(988mm)),每次拿东西都要弯腰(抽屉)或蹲下(对开门),况且化妆品和卷纸一类很明显不适合在浴室柜存放。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu0aQ88iIEgwOA1sxZrkreh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"取放如此麻烦,人在使用中自然就会回避,渐渐就会闲置,从人体工程学而言,眼睛和指尖之间的高度是不需要弯腰,不需要抬肩的轻松拿取高度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU4iuUii2KSgCK6k92YjcOc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":513,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"镜柜收纳","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/10ea3d0d61eb41719abb21404977a6f9","width":1329},"text":"","id":"doxcnO6Oi0GAsMUWeGe8rUbm8ah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A区(镜柜中下部)B区(台面)、C区(浴室柜顶部),三者均在最佳收纳的高度范围内。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna2uoEauEco2AUfeFxaFXEb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":533,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"镜柜收纳","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3531909c6379459191beb1048603fe1b","width":1340},"text":"","id":"doxcny4OGSmWEoS2YQjSnefKUMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C区受洗脸盆影响,几乎没有利用的空间,A区若用镜面而不是镜柜的话那收纳区域也不存在,D区容量虽大,但使用不便,此时,唯一的选择只剩下B区,自然而然随着时间东西就会越来越多出现在台面上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmC2kkkkcg4soFeknbfWCBH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"说到此处,其实答案已经呼之欲出,镜柜才是卫浴收纳的核心,相比易受潮由拿取不便的浴室柜下部空间,位于上部的镜柜更适合用来做收纳,高度位于1m以上,相对干燥,动作上在平视范围,拿取轻松不费力。此外,推荐选择带有除雾功能的镜柜,使用起来比较方便。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ6ceUIMsEYOQ0lMkNppmcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果可以,镜柜完全不用局限于只存在在浴室柜上方,可以在马桶上方,也可以在洗衣机上方,镜面的反射效应能很明显的削减卫生间的局促感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGCYAIOMgk4ymym2MQsZOOe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":585,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"镜柜收纳","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/57b2c4e9c8a1494bb2c1641e7aea7e1a","width":1318},"text":"","id":"doxcnagUUyIyMWkI2At3te6WHTc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"组件高度一代为1.3m,二代后为0.8m高,是最适合镜柜的尺寸空间。同时,镜柜不用只局限于台盆上,可以一直延伸到马桶那一侧,这样高度正合适,储物又大的空间比地柜好用数倍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOQeEAsKg86gY6EagLNhAWh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"无法收进储物柜的物品","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKc2sUGwMYECSIJxtxc7v7g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间的淋浴是潮气产生的源头,牙杯不控水干净时间久就会发黑发霉,牙刷在潮湿的环境更容易细菌的滋生,这些不塞进去都有问题塞进去情况更为严重,该如何处理?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAcce4oqYUY2OofCkpaN4fc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建议依然是塞进去,不过要取点巧,也就是在镜柜内做点不一样的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaKksEiyYqieO8pWnaNSvcd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于牙杯控水的问题,镜柜有一部分是没有底板的,而且在背板上安装了控水架,刷牙后,牙杯挂置,水完全能滴到下方平台上(面池内)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOkQwyoUaWCSeAJHbdEdSYf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于牙刷,用牙刷消毒器,镜柜内要补一路电源,方便安装,这样,除毛巾外所有的就都收入镜柜内了,毛巾可以敞开挂在盆下了,不用挤在几个挂钩上或者是在墙的一侧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2EweEmyOOWKKwzHTVxm65f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":311,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"无法收进储物柜的物品","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4dcf80cb0d334eb283082da9fd7a6921","width":559},"text":"","id":"doxcnsAWSk4mCMmsmqIrYi4DoTg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"采光","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWMIeO0k22e2OoNMyyq5XGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果卫生间里正好有扇窗户,那么自然光线的照射就是最廉价的方法。认真对待卫生间窗户,无论其样式如何或者规模多大,传输外界","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"光源","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的窗户有助于扩大空间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2UMmGMukOMG0NSXxjH2lng"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"窗型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYUcYaeek4KusyGEPyVUZLb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推拉窗","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnse0uw6Q6OCeIuskxN5imwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间若是窗口足够大,可以做『推拉窗』,通风效果好、开启也非常方便,不会与室内设施冲突。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0wKsEmieEeISdwWIz722CM"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":387,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推拉窗","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0218c505c0084db5b5202f8136bdf490","width":634},"text":"","id":"doxcnIGsqGgoQMAOUcRBEVv4Nqb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"平开窗","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWM8KOyI0KSYwmGbKGC75dg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"但是大部分卫生间一般窗户洞口较小(洞口小,做不了推拉窗),或者有降低噪声、保温隔热需求时,密封性好的平开窗更适合;平开窗还可以全开启,保证了较大的通风空间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc2mSy8siOIiYUPNxOc6H7g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":370,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"平开窗","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9652da2ef61745499441906406965b58","width":641},"text":"","id":"doxcnGiGAGiuqqcCwkLkTlGkL0g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"内开内倒","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMuiqqE04i6IIgN2655NBge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"部分窗户开口位置较高,不方便开启。可以选择安全性、隐私性及通风柔和的内开内倒窗,可以长期开启保持通风状态(下雨天也能自由通风)。洗澡时内倒开启,可以避免出现憋闷感,内倒窗可以控制进风量,且改变空气流向,让风更加柔和均匀,让人不易因为吹风而感冒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY402sYUE2642uWNxEEpkrf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":734,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"内开内倒","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0078cdc75fd0451c8ff0984b8a4b6419","width":1277},"text":"","id":"doxcnGcck0ga2YKSuiKizBcDrje"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"悬窗","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnicWSQ4kc4kEKawpAPUvv0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当卫生间窗户处于开启状态而成为薄弱环节时,我们还可以采用悬窗,同时利用开启方向和角度来有效避免外来视线。因此综合(通风/私密)两方面考虑,卫生间窗户选用外开上悬窗(可根据实际情况安装","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"纱扇","id":""},{"type":"text","text":")比较合适。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnucSiEGQK0E8gwD1cmMiXGe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内窗","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAOWyW68Ea6oa0EeZ9A4UVo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果卫生间的墙面不是承重墙的话,可以砸掉部分墙面做室内窗,或者在墙面嵌入玻璃砖,透光性好,而且防水隔音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYcEwquoWwaaEYTaRt4GYmf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":397,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"室内窗","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ec0bd8e1f2f462293b9f7d0bf223337","width":655},"text":"","id":"doxcngOK6E8oKaQsmmeFU34Vxvh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"玻璃","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAKUSQw6g4MGmKyvqcthRze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间窗户不建议采用透明玻璃+帘子这样的方案,一块简单的磨砂玻璃就能解决所有问题~既不影响采光、保护隐私,又好清洁。在购买磨砂玻璃时,需注意:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna2YyQeyU4U648PZF0D1Sxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"① 磨砂玻璃有单面磨砂和双面磨砂的区别,室外看进来,双面磨砂比单面磨砂的效果更加模糊。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni4IQM8WkuGSGSQOrevWAhe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"② 如果选购的是单面磨砂玻璃,要把磨砂面放在手摸不到的中空层或室内侧,因为磨砂面遇水会变透明。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMcIeSCsEIcWKQvmkvTGvMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"还可以选择中空玻璃内置百叶,通过手动/磁控或者电动的方式任意调整角度,隔绝外部视线,隐秘性和装饰性俱佳;自由调节光线,十分时尚美观;百叶在中空玻璃内部,不积灰、也不用清洁;夏季还能遮阳防晒。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOQECYMiIOCWiIdpC3PU12e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC48skEcI0s8mgFoNYBwQJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、窗户不要过高,门窗设计时要考虑吊顶高度,不然可能会留下吊顶与窗框之间有缝隙、纱窗不好装、维修困难等后续问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0ygK8o0uuUq4UtIerfyOsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、平开窗的执手位置要协调好,毕竟执手位置合适与否,一定程度上决定了开窗体验。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsAQYue8Y0gamUDVI4P4BYf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、注意开启扇的位置,防止窗扇与洗手池、花洒、淋浴间门、浴缸等设施冲突。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIgGoSIscAu2wy6Ja63ovMh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"照明","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMYOWo8I8k0YOwTfUHPuAnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果卫生间没有窗户,又没法开窗,那么我们就要从照明下手。首先是卫生间的照明系统用一些柔和一些的,晚上上厕所眼睛也舒服点。然后,为了增加光照,除了利用通铺白色一体式墙地砖增加光线折射,直接加灯是简单粗暴又有效的,强烈建议在主灯之外,再加入其它的辅助灯光。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGWaYgiqimuyMAzHVUFTctc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":284,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"照明","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dbc361de01c14d1781be0513366c4101","width":596},"text":"","id":"doxcnQecsusAaEGUqIPWn03JIcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如洗漱区灯光,在洗漱区,人们要对着镜子刮胡子、化妆,将自己的外观打扮好,还要看看自己的脸色以判断当天的健康状况。因此,将脸部照清楚是洗漱区照明中最关键的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuKIcsAWSY0ouOawHJRKy5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"镜子周围安装壁灯时,通常要让光线照射到脸和上部两侧(壁灯在离地1800mm为宜);镜子两侧没有安装灯具位置时,一般在上方安装LED条形灯管。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUiemMUaAGWwikoYR1HNAc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":576,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"照明","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9ff0f41cd2e0470387399b8190e6b694","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnOM2AQ4g2gcqEmefFD2Hh7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"脸部照明最好的灯具叫做“百老汇灯光”,就是在镜子周围安装一圈霜面玻璃小灯泡。在演员化妆间内比较多见。若无额外需求,觉得另外安装照明比较麻烦且不美观,建议选择带灯、带除雾的镜柜,更加方便合理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSIKIou2Y8W4c0zmavjLpeb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间主灯则可以往马桶和淋浴区中间调整,避免淋浴区偏暗;镜前灯和主灯的色温(冷暖光)要保持一致,否则会照得人脸上发蓝或发暗,特别丑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUqI2QkGus4GqWcNsJt0zSR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果镜子后面是储物柜时,利用柜门挡住的部分也能实现间接照明,但因没有直接照射在脸部的光线,难免缺乏立体感。而且,面池通常反光能力不错,将光反射到面部,表现的脸色并不自然。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw8yIceW00GCG8pukDbjPWc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"装饰","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoGKGakO6IGKO69fWo9XnKb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"装饰观叶植物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnakSYk62CsOQqWAZLnxacSf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"厕所和植物的组合搭配,其实是最合适不过的了。地板、墙壁、窗边和马桶水槽上都可以装饰。比如马桶水箱上装饰绿植,放置的小绿植是向上伸展。水箱上装饰绿植的场合,比较容易整理的不是向下垂,而是向上长的类型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKKeeY2oQSSiG433JaMxMFf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":333,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"装饰观叶植物","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5a969493244849eab6fb9fa7c9547cd5","width":492},"text":"","id":"doxcnCcm2cWgKEmm2WqtYv9kAwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"再比如用长1.2米的玻璃板做成的墙壁搁架,上面装饰绿植。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"混凝土","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"风味的墙壁+玻璃板+花草=如屋外庭院中一样的时尚空间的演出。狭小厕所中如果要想设置隔板,与木板隔板相比,透明的玻璃隔板更适合,不会产生压迫感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns8kkoG4g06A0CEGyAjvTDh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":427,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"装饰观叶植物","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5cfafb0fe133411badd2386c3f3a1fca","width":501},"text":"","id":"doxcnY0EuooAYKEkAQLBe6TsJwb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"装饰镜子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneCQG8cGeEu4gUDpsuiLEqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"狭小,没有窗子的厕所,最推荐的是在墙壁上设置镜子的装饰方法。镜子,能让狭小空间看着明亮更开放的效果,是狭小空间中应该积极导入使用的素材。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"纵长","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、圆形、椭圆形等各种形状的镜子,如何好看地装饰在狭小卫浴厕所中,以下是可参考的实例。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniACyICkm0Kq4iOO3ucw7Ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"银色框架的纵长镜子装饰例。壁纸不是白色的,整个厕所是系统型的,所有功能被整合在了一起。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyIumcuuQyie8mwusWCPOPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后就是在系统厕所的上面的墙壁上设置一个镜子,长方形散发着银色光泽,让这个厕所看着干净,用着时尚。特别是没有窗子的厕所中,如果要想设置镜子的话,正对着厕所开门的位置上设置镜子后,能为小厕所马上增加出开放感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoYC20IuCsYUy2jBU3a5Pdd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":387,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"装饰镜子","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d78948e2b7dd4acab1b36bcdec9206c5","width":496},"text":"","id":"doxcnycaWwM2yg6Ew4B706MnNog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"灰色的木框镜子装饰狭小厕所的例子。北欧印象的厕所时,这个绝对可以作为参考,甚至照搬。这些都是镜子下面是水槽的例子,当然厕所中也一样,没有问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCakKuGuaQAQWUdmwHB4O7d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":371,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"装饰镜子","i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2. ai-516温度控制器接线图
系统 GPS+BDS+Glonass+Galileo+QZSS,
支持北斗三代,支持五星二十一频点
通道数 1408
初始化可靠性 99.90%
无网续测 支持
RTK精度
平面精度:±( 8mm + 1×10-6×D)mm
高程精度:±(15mm + 1×10-6×D)mm
静态精度
平面精度:±(2.5mm + 0.5×10-6×D)mm
高程精度:±( 5mm + 0.5×10-6×D)mm
GNSS+惯导
IMU更新率 200Hz
倾斜角度 0-60度
倾斜补偿精度 10 mm + 0.7 mm/° tilt(30°内精度<2.5cm)
惯导 支持惯导初始化完成后不会退出
指示灯
1个卫星灯+1个差分数据灯+1个静态指示灯+1个电源灯
按键 静态切换键+电源/确认键
web网页 支持PC/手机端网页
语音 支持手簿语音播报
功能 支持视觉放样
像素 2MP
帧率 25Hz
视场(H,V) 75°~75°
照度 0.01lux照度下依然保持全彩画面
尺寸 133 mm*87.6 mm
重量 0.8 Kg(含电池)
材质 镁合金
工作温度 -45℃~+75℃
存储温度 -55℃~+85℃
防水防尘 IP68(防30分钟水下1米浸泡)
防撞击 IK08
防冷凝 是
电气性能
电池 内置6600mAh锂电池
续航16h以上
快充 支持快充,24w快充
外接供电 (5-12)V DC
存储 8GB
数据输出
差分数据 RTCM2.X、RTCM3.X、CMR、CHC516
数据 NMEA-0183
静态数据 HCN、RINEX 2.11、RINEX3.02
数据通讯 无线连接
支持NFC 支持蓝牙、Wi-Fi连接收机;
网络模块 手簿支持4G
CORS 自带CORS账号,开机就能固定
智能服务 支持华测云服务,提供云存储,功能码分享
控制手簿 iD3
网络 4G全网通,内置eSIM赠送三年测绘流量
操作系统 Android 10
CPU 八核2.0GHz
RAM+ROM 3GB+32GB
液晶屏 5.5寸高清显示屏
物理按键 全功能按键,支持测量快捷键
3. ai温控器说明书
1.温度设定方法: 按▲(上键)和▼(下键)按2下,在画面闪动的时候,按▲或▼,可设定希望的温度。
2.偏差温度设定(设定温度与启动温度,温差设定) ▲(上键)与▼(下键)同时按3秒会显示“dlF”字母,按▲或▼可以调节温差。
3.温度矫正方法 先按▲,再按电源,3秒后会显示“Cor”继续按3秒会校正为℃(出厂设定为℃, 设定范围为±10℃)
4. aio5150温控说明书
1. 机械式的采用两层热膨胀系数不同金属压在一起,温度改变时,他的弯曲度会发生改变,当弯曲到某个程度时,接通(或断开)回路,使得制冷(或加热)设备工作。
2. 电子式的通过热电偶、铂电阻等温度传感装置,把温度信号变换成电信号,通过单片机、PLC等电路控制继电器使得加热(或制冷)设备工作(或停止)。
温控器(Thermostat),根据工作环境的温度变化,在开关内部发生物理形变,从而产生某些特殊效应,产生导通或者断开动作的一系列自动控制元件,或者电子原件在不同温度下,工作状态的不同原理来给电路提供温度数据,以供电路采集温度数据。
最简单的温度控制器就是双金属片,是利用两种不同的金属的膨胀系数不同的原理工作的,将两种不同的金属片贴在一起,当温度升高时,由于膨胀系数不同,金属片就会向膨胀系数小的那边弯曲,带动开关动作,温度降低时,则会向另一边弯曲,饮水机里面的恒温开关(动作温度80℃)、电饭锅里的保温开关都用到了这种温控器。工业上用的温控器则一般采用半导体或电阻温度传感器(热敏电阻),当温度变化时,半导体的电阻发生相应的改变,然后由放大电路将这一变化放大,当温度到达设定的值,对应一个相应的电阻值,这时放大电路就会输出一个开关信号给相应的执行机构,比如断开加热电路,让温度不至于过高。温度降低时原理相同。
5. AI516温控器设置视频v8.3
宇电516温控仪设置启停点方法:
1、温度调节器的相中接电源(220V),123(有的热电偶不需要接3,看热电偶的实物为准)接温度探测器(热电偶),相和低短接,中和总接交流接触器线圈。
2、电源线L接开关,开关的出线L接红色信号灯,另一端接N线,绿色信号灯接N和交流接触器的出线L,设置好恒温度数就可以了,工作原理:当温度低于设置温度时,中和总闭合,交流接触器的线圈得电,交流接触器工作,温度上升,反之的话:当温度高于设置温度时,中和总断开,交流接触器的线圈失电,交流接触器不工作,温度下降,从而达到恒温的效果
6. AI516温控器设置视频
热水器已成为生活中重要的一部分,给人们的生活带来极大的方便。但由于元器件自然老化、操作者的熟练程度、工作环境和工作强度等诸多因素常引发各类故障。接下来就为大家介绍如何维修热水器的问题。
电热水器
工作原理
电热水器具有结构简单、价格低、热效率高、无污染、使用方便等优点,使用寿命一般为15年左右,主要有贮水式和速热式两种。由于速热式电热水器功率高达3kW以上,且易漏电,很少有人问津;贮水式一般功率在1~2kW之间,安全方便,受到消费者喜爱。
一、贮水式电热水器
贮水式电热水器一般由箱体系统、制热系统、控制系统和进出水系统四大部分组成。下面为部分国产名牌电热水器的结构示意图。
1、箱体系统
箱体系统由外壳、内胆、保温层等构成,起到贮水保温的作用。
(1)外壳
外壳是电热水器的基本骨架,大部分部件都安装或固定在上面,所用材料有塑料、彩板、冷轧板、喷粉等几种。
(2)内胆
内胆既是盛水的容器,又是对外加热的场所,其寿命决定于内胆的材料和制造工艺。常见内胆材料有镀锌铁板、不锈钢板和钢板内涂搪瓷三种。
(3)阳级棒
贮水式电热水器中的阳极棒是一根金属镁棒,主要用来保护金属水箱不被腐蚀和阻止水垢的形成。
(4)保温层
外壳与内胆之间的保温层,起减少热损失的作用,一般采用聚氨酯发泡、玻璃棉、石棉、纤维、毡和软木等。为增强保温效果,现多采用高密度聚氨酯发泡材料充填的新工艺,充填扎实,密封保温性好,即使12h不通电,水温也仅下降2℃左右。
(5)炉膛
炉膛用于安装加热体和限温器,是由炉膛底盘、炉膛管、炉膛帽、温控管、螺孔柱焊接而成。螺孔柱经钻孔攻螺纹,用于安装镁棒。
2、制热系统
电热水器采用的电热元件多采用管状结构,为提高热效率,直接放在水中加热,形状可根据内胆结构弯成U形或其他形状,金属护套管常见为不锈钢管或铜管。电加热管在通电后,其内部高电阻电热合金丝发热,通过金属管内的绝缘填充料导热至金属套管,起加热作用。
电加热管使用时间一长,在电加热管表面容易结污垢,不仅影响发热效果,而且会产生漏电现象。为此海尔、小鸭、东宝等厂家,将热水器部分产品的电热元件改为高压耐热的陶瓷发热器,如图所示。间接加热内胆中的水(通电后,首先预热周围的空气,然后通过钢板对水加热),使水电分离,不仅无漏电之忧,且可超快速加热。
3、控制系统
电热水器的控制系统主要包括温控器和漏电保护器。
(1)温控器
电热水器中使用的温控器主要有双金属片温控器、蒸气压力式温控器和电子温控器。
(2)漏电保护器
在电热水器的漏电保护器中、将15mA确定为危险电流,超过这一数值时漏电保护器动作,正常的动作范围为15~30mA。
海尔电热水器选用的是进口漏电保护器,动作值为15mA,动作时间为0.1s。小鸭等品牌电热水器电源线带有先进的电子控制漏电保护插头,其技术参数为:额定电压220V(5OHz),额定电流10A,漏电动作范围5~10mA,漏电动作时间≤50ms,最大分断能力300A,最大负载功率2200W。
4、进、出水系统
进、出水系统由进、出水管,混合阀、安全阀和淋浴喷头等组成。
(1)混合阀
混合阀的结构如图所示。由图可知,热水器内胆出水管、混合阀、喷头和大气相通,不受混合阀冷、热阀门控制胆内压力,故称为出口敞开式。
单独打开右侧红点热水旋阀,自来水经出水管、混合阀、喷头流出,出热水,出水压力由热水阀控制;单独打开左侧蓝点冷水旋阀,自来水直接经混合阀由喷头流出冷水,出水压力由冷水阀控制。当同时打开冷热水阀门时,冷水和热水在混合阀出水口混合,适当调节冷热水阀门大小,可得到所需水温。
(2)安全阀
在自来水压力突然增高或加热水温过热,造成内胆压力超过规定耐压值时,安全阀会自动排压,以保护内胆。在加热过程中,安全阀会有缓慢的滴水现象,不是故障,是一种正常现象。
5、工作原理
贮水式电热水器的加热分单加热器加热和双加热器加热两种。前者,--般用在容积不太大的热水器中;后者、往往用于容积较大的热水器中。
二、速热式电热水器
快速热水器一般在接通电源、开启水阀后,仅需十几秒就会有充足的热水源源流出,因此也称流动式或即热式电热水器。
1、基本结构
快速热水器主要由外壳、内腔、电热元件、压力开关和温度控制等部分组成。
2、工作原理
(1)腔体式
打开进水阀门,水流入腔体。当水充满腔体后,在水压和重力作用下,使橡皮膜下凹,从而带动通过膜片中心的通水管子上端,使触点闭合接通电源,这样电阻丝通电发热,被加热的水沿通水管上开有的小孔流入管内,再经过莲蓬头喷射出来,供人们使用。当停止进水时,靠橡皮膜弹力恢复使触头断开,从而切断电源。
(2)水槽式
在未接通水源时,压力开关处于常态(触点断开),微动开关s不动作,从而继电器线圈不通电,这时整机不工作。接通水源后,因水压升高,这时压力开关触点动作,继电器KA吸合,主电路触点闭合,指示灯HL点亮,这时只要将转换开关(功率调节器)根据需要调节在适当位置,电热元件即可工作,就会有热水从莲蓬头中源源不断流出。
常见故障分析
一、电热水器检修工艺
下面以海尔电热水器为例,对电热水器的检修工艺过程介绍如下:
1、电源检查
用万用表交流电压档(~500V档)测量插座零线和火线,零线和地线是否接通,若不通为正常;反之,则电源不能使用,应修复。
(万用表使用方法图解)
2、故障检修程序
接通电源,可能出现两种情况:指示灯亮或指示灯不亮。
(1)指示灯亮:待半小时左右,水温升高10℃左右,说明热水器正常;若水温不升高,由灯亮可知,漏电保护器、超温管均正常,故障在加热器。断电后,检测加热元件,若电阻为无穷大,应更换。
(2)指示灯不亮:若灯坏应更换;灯好时,应检查温控器、超温管、加热器和漏电保护器以确定故障所在。
①对可调温型温控器,用万用表R×1档测量,在关断位置电阻为无穷大;在不同温度控制点应有不同电阻值与之对应;温控器在未动作时,触点为闭合状态,电阻近似为0,否则说明温控器损坏,应更换。
(万用表测量温控器图解)
②超温管在正常状态下,电阻为0,否则已损坏,应更换。
③用万用表检测加热器,电阻约24~48Ω,若为无穷大时,应更换加热元件。
④检查漏电保护器,应将漏电保护器打到合闸位置,灯亮,水温升高为正常;有时漏电保护器误动作,应注意观察,找出误动作原因。
(漏电保护器“合闸”状态)
若漏电保护器合不上闸,应用万用表R×100档依次检测超温管、温控器和加热器的对地电阻,表针指向∞位置为正常,表针指向0为漏电,找出漏电元件进行更换,若无漏电元件,说明漏电保护器已损坏,更换新的。
(漏电保护器“跳闸”状态)
3、安全性能测试
(1)漏电测试:重新合闸,按“试验”按钮应跳闸,漏电保护器为正常,再“合闸”灯亮。若热水器无漏电保护器,用万用表电阻档测量插头的火线与地线、零线和地线,若指示为无穷大,说明无漏电现象。
(2)泄漏电流测试:泄漏电流不应超过规定的数值,海尔小海象为0.5mA/kW,大海象、金海象为0.3mA/kW,
(3)绝缘电阻用兆欧表测量应大于50MΩ。
(4)电源的接地端与电热水器易触及金属部件之间的接地电阻应小于0.1Ω。
安全性能测试合格后,才能按工艺要求将电热水器重新安装好,投入使用。
二、电热水器常见故障分析
1、出水不热
(1)冷热水调节不当:这是由于热水阀开得太小,冷水阀开得太大造成的。应适当调节冷热水阀的开度,使出水温度适合使用。
(2)电源未接通:调整电源插头或开关,使其接触良好。若采用的是漏电保护插头,应将其“复位按钮”按下,排除以上故障若仍不能接通电源,应拆开电热水器仔细检查回路是否有导线脱落、断开等情况,若有,应及时排除。
(3)电加热器损坏:用万用表电阻档测量电热元件电阻值,正常情况下,1kW电热水器,电阻为49Ω左右;3kW,16Ω左右。功率不同的电热水器,其电热元件的阻值不同。若电阻为无穷大,说明电热元件损坏,应予更换。
(4)温控器损坏:当温控器触头接触不良或感温体内感温剂泄漏时,可引起温控器不能正常工作。对于前者可拆开压力式温控器进行修复;对于后者只好更换新的压力式温控器。
2、出水温度太高
(1)冷热水调节不当:适当调节冷热水阀的开度。
(2)温控器旋钮调节不当或触点粘连:将温控器旋钮调至温度较低处;对触点粘连的,可将温控器拆开,将粘连触点分开,并对触点进行研修、调整,经调整后,一般即可使用,必要时可进行更换。
(3)限温器失灵:检修限温器。
3、漏水
(1)管道连接处漏水:对接口密封不好造成的漏水,应重新安装接口;若属自来水压太高,应在自来水道上设置减压阀。
(2)安全阀接口漏水:是由于安全阀松扣或密封不好造成的,应重新拧紧和密封。
4、出水带电
(1)出水口接地失效:重新接好接地线,保证接地电阻小于0.1Ω。
(2)水中分布电流大:用细钢丝编织成网,包在出水口上,并与接地线良好接触。
(3)电热元件绝缘损坏或失效:更换电热元件,更换时要保持电气接触良好,有关密封部分不漏水。
(4)内部导线绝缘层损坏,搭接在外壳或内胆上:拆开电热水器,检查出导线绝缘层损坏的部分,进行更换。
5、进水困难
(1)脏堵:主要是由于自来水水质不好,杂质超量,堵住进水口的逆止阀。设有进水滤网的热水器大都是滤网孔被堵。在确定水压正常后,关闭自来水供水总阀,清理管路,冲出胜物或清洗滤网。
(2)汽堵:常见于密闭水箱贮水式电热水器中。其特征是:热水阀打开后,喷出大量水蒸气,此时应将调温器调到最小位置或切断电源,先将蒸汽从热水阀排出,然后打开冷水进水阀,使热水器排水,降低水温,再检修温控器;若热水阀打开后,热汽断续流出,量很小,一般是脏堵造成的。此时应开大热水阀和冷水进水阀,以降低水温,待水温降低后,检查热水阀是否脏堵,洗净后冷水便会从热水阀流出。
(3)供水压力不正常:当供水管路因水压下降,供水压力低于贮水压力,逆止阀不能被顶开,会造成进水困难。这种故障,待水压正常后,故障即自行消失。
保养
使用一段时间后,应取下喷头,按安装方法进行冲洗。长期使用后,若升温慢,应检查电热元件是否结垢,若结垢,可用去垢剂清除水垢。
若漏水,应更换相应的橡胶密封圈。
若加热时蒸汽冒出,则表明恒温器失效。或感温头脱出,应关闭电路,经检查修复后再用。
加热时因水的膨胀,喷头有时会有少量热水溢出,这属正常现象,不必过分用力拧紧热水阀,以免加速损坏密封圈。
自来水阀可使用不带手轮的阀门或者安装好后取下手轮,以防误关此阀,导致水箱缺水而烧毁电热丝。
燃气热水器
结构
目前,家用快速燃气热水器常见为壁挂式,适合淋浴使用,主要由水路系统、燃气系统、热交换系统、排烟系统和安全装置五大部分组成。其结构示意图如下所示。
(1)水路系统主要包括进水阀、水膜阀等,其中水膜阀是关键部件,起控制水气联动装置的作用,当水源切断后立即切断燃气;水阀是控制冷水进入热水器流量大小的装置,水阀燃烧器在同样工作状态下,流量大的,输出热水温较低,反之则水温升高。
(2)燃气系统主要包括燃气调节阀、水气联动阀、常明火、主燃烧器。其中主燃烧器是热水器供热的主要部件;水气联动阀是由水流的压力差控制气阀的开启以防止空烧。燃气调节阀可调节进入主燃烧器气量,以达到调节水温的目的。
(3)热交换系统主要包括腔体、集热片和弯管。
(4)排烟系统包括热水器外壳、排气烟管和排烟口等。燃烧后的烟气,须经过排烟系统排出。
(5)安全装置主要包括由热电偶和电磁阀组成的熄火保护、缺氧保护、水气联动阀防止空烧、排水阀防止过水压和冻裂。
下面重点介绍燃气热水器主要部件结构原理。
一、点火装置
点火装置的作用是点燃小火(常明火)并保持其燃烧。当按下点火按钮时,小火管有燃气流出,此时点火器工作,点燃旁边的小火。燃气热水器的点火方式主要有压电陶瓷点火和电脉冲点火两种。
二、水气联动阀
水气联动阀是保证燃气热水器安全使用的重要部件,其主要作用是:当水压足够,水在热交换器中流动时,燃气才能进入主燃烧器进行燃烧;而当水流停止或压力不足时,自动切断燃气供给,以防因缺水面燃坏热水器。
三、燃烧器
1、常明火为点燃主燃烧器作准备,常明火有单独的燃气通路。同时常明火加热熄火保护装置中的热电偶,使电磁阀开闭燃气阀门。当由热电偶或双金属片构成的熄火保护装置一旦检测到常明小火熄灭,熄火保护装置将自动切断气源。
常明火点火管一般用铜管或不锈钢制成,为保证燃烧的稳定,大多采用大气式燃烧方式,即燃烧前预混一部分空气,由于这种燃烧方式火焰短而稳定,用它加热热电偶或热双金属片时,热量集中,不易产生误动作。
2、主燃烧器是燃气热水器提供热源的主要部件,热负荷较大,火力强而且集中,火焰高度实短不宜长,一般采用大气式燃烧器来满足要求,而且大多不设一次调节装置。
四、热交换器
燃气热水器的热交换器主要有两种类型,板管式和翅片管式。由不锈钢或导热性良好的紫铜片、紫铜管制成。
五、熄火保护装置
熄火保护装置的主要功能,是在燃气热水器的点火燃烧器(又称常明火)因故熄火后,在数密封秒钟后能自动动作,关闭燃气阀门。有机械和电磁两种结构形式,分别称为双金属片和热电偶熄火保护装置。
六、缺氧保护装置
此装置上有两只热电偶,正向热电偶与熄火安全装置热电偶基本相同(参数为:25℃内阻为(8.8±2)MΩ,700℃热电势20mV);反向热电偶由两根裸露电偶丝组成,材质与正向热电偶相同,但它的工作温度较低,氧化作用不很明显,它的安装位置是保证热电偶正常工作的重要条件(参数为:25℃内阻18±2MΩ,700℃热电势6mV)。
在使用过程中,周围环境氧气含量不足或换热器栅板阻塞时,会造成燃烧器不完全燃烧,这时燃烧器火焰拉长,火焰温度降低,两只热电偶产生的电势差较少,当环境氧气含量低于18%时,此装置动作,关闭燃气气路,避免造成二氧化碳中毒事故,此装置使用寿命大于6000h,使用次数大于100000次。
七、防空烧(过热)安全装置
此装置所用传感器为正温度系数的热敏电阻。当燃气热水器出现空烧时,因热敏电阻此时已呈“高阻”状态,使通过电磁阀电流很小,在弹簧力作用下,铁心与衔铁分离,关闭燃气气路。
八、电磁阀
在燃气热水器安全装置中,燃气气路的通、断是由电磁阀控制的。
九、水温调节装置
调温轴(水阀芯)的控制原理是通过调节水量增减,来达到调节水温目的。例如,欲提高淋浴水温时,将调温轴调向“高温”位置,实际上是关小水阀芯的开启度,使进水量减少,则出口的温度则会增加。
十、燃气泄漏报警装置
当燃气热水器或配套设备发生燃气泄漏时,通过气敏传感器检测出一定浓度的燃气,发出声光报警信号,提醒用户排除故障或停止使用,避免造成火灾或中毒事故。先进的泄漏报警装置,在报警的同时自动开启风机通风换气,迅速排除室内燃气,防止事故的发生和扩大。
工作原理
打开燃气气阀,燃气进人阀门内,按动点火按键,点火微动开关、快速微动开关启动,点火头产生连续电火花,电磁阀线圈强行通人吸合电流,由气阀杆推动,电磁阀被吸住,气路打开,燃气从点火燃烧器和长明火燃烧器流出,被点火器的连续火花点燃,经常明火火焰加热的熄火保护装置的热电偶产生热电势,在强制吸合电流断开时,保持电磁阀处于吸合状态。点火键复位,并关闭与点火键连动的点火器阀门,此时点火器的火焰熄灭,仅保留常明火焰,这样,燃气到达水气连动阀的气阀前面。
打开水龙头,冷水进入水气连动阀的水阀内,经调温旋钮进入热交换器,同时有一部分水从调温旋钮分流,进人混合管,因水气连动阀内的膜片受水压作用,推开水气连动阀的气阀。燃气经燃气调节阀、燃烧器调节旋钮,从主燃烧器流出,被常明火点燃。流向热交换器的水,被主燃烧器的火焰加热成热水,经混合水管的冷水混合,就可从供热水龙头流出适合使用的热水。
当关闭出水口时,水气连动阀内的压差消失,从而关闭了水气连动阀的气阀,主燃烧器的火焰熄灭,热水停止流出,按下熄火键,点火键复位,关闭主气阀,常明火熄灭。此时熄火安全装置的热电偶的热电势下降,电磁阀关闭。
下图为沈乐满牌SR-5型后制式燃气热水器电气原理图,供参考。
故障检修
一、常见故障分析
1、打不着火或打火困难
(1)刚打开气源时,由于气管内空气尚未排空,短时间内难以打火,只要多打几次,让气管内的空气排空后,便能成功点火。
(2)喷嘴堵塞:在打火时有火星,而无法点燃火种,表明喷嘴有堵塞,此时只要将喷嘴进行清理即可。
(3)点火针破裂或松动:多数热水器点火针绝缘体是用陶瓷制作的,若陶瓷破裂或点火针松动,就会造成没有对着火种进行点火,打不着火。此时应更换点火针或对点火针进行调整位置。
(4)压电陶瓷失效手动式热水器一般是采用压电陶瓷点火,若点火时无点火火花,通常是压电陶瓷损坏造成的,应及时进行更换。
(5)水动式热水器电磁阀损坏,点火时,有火星而点不着火,此时先检查电磁阀接线是否良好,若未发现接线不良,应更换电磁阀。
(6)水动式热水器点火时无火星此时按顺序检查电池是否有电或装反,电池盒是否有接触不良,微动开关是否损坏,电脉冲发生器和接线是否有故障。排除故障后即可点火。
2、中途燎火
(1)热电偶与电磁阀接触不良或失效:若在热水器使用过程中,偶然中途熄火,说明热电偶与电磁阀接触不良,此时应紧固两者的联接螺母;当热水器打火后,中途熄火的时间都较接近时,表明热电偶已开始失效,应尽早更换。当热水器每次中途熄火的时间不规则时,表明火种与热电偶的位置不太准确,应调整。
(2)燃气气压不稳定:适当调整气源压力或清洗火种喷嘴。
(3〉保护装置动作:当直排式热水器使用时间过长,且室内换气较差时,或热交换器(水箱)长期没有清洗而造成严重积炭,保护装置便会自动关闭气源,导致熄火。对于前者,需打开门窗,使室内空气流通,对于后者需定期(每年1~2次)清洗热交换器。
(4)水动式热水器离子感应针被污染:若每次使用时,都要打2~3次火,应对感应针进行清洗,若经清洗,还有同样的问题出现,说明感应针的材质或电子点火器质量不良,应及时更换。
3、漏气
漏气主要是由于密封用的密封圈破损老化或配合不严造成的。
(1)进水接头安装不良而漏气:重新安装平面胶圈,上紧并紧固气接头。
(2)气阀体上联接面漏气:更换密封胶圈。
(3)气阀芯上的润滑脂干而漏气:清洗气阀芯,重新均匀涂上润滑脂(二硫化钼),以确保气阀芯不再漏气。
4、漏水
(1)防冻排水阀经多次拆装,密封胶圈裂损造成的漏水,应更换胶圈,并注意平日装拆不应用力过大。
(2)水阀芯胶圈因长期使用磨损严重造成的漏水,只要更换胶圈便可正常使用。
(3)水阀顶轴胶圈处比较容易漏水,若是水动式热水器,水会直接流到微动开关处造成打不着火,因此胶圈磨损,应及时更换。
(4)连接热水器的冷、热水软管和淋浴器的漏水,较易发现,经简单维修或更换便能使用。
(5)供水压力过高,可更换高压热水器或在进水阀前加装节流阀。
(6)热水器“空烧”造成漏水。这时,关闭热水器水阀时,主燃烧器不熄灭,造成“空烧”或回火,易烧化焊锡,严重时烧穿紫铜管,造成漏水,此故障应更换热盘管。
5、产生红火或冒黑烟
(1)燃烧器内存污物:将细铁丝尖部弯曲,从引射口处插入燃烧器内,反复旋转,进行清理。也可将燃烧器拆下来,用水冲浇。
(2)燃气压力不足:应设法提高其供气压力。另外,有时因天气潮湿,也会产生红火,待天气好转时又恢复正常。
(3)气路不畅造成缺氧:清理气路中的异物,并开机(换气扇、排风扇、开窗等)通风。
6、出水温度过低
(1)供气压力不足:这是造成出水温度过低的主要原因,应调整减压阀。若是管道燃气,可通知供气部门调整;若是热水器流量大,使供气管或煤气表负荷满足不了热水器的耗气量,应更换较大的煤气表或更换流量较小的热水器。
(2)喷嘴堵塞造成火焰变小:清理喷嘴。
(3)水阀橡胶膜有小的破裂:使水气联动阀门开度不足,造成燃烧火力不强,出水温度过低。应更换橡胶膜。
(4)部分地区水压较大,使水流经热交换器时间较短,出水温度过低,应适当调小水量。
7、火种留不住
(1)火种供气管堵塞:当点燃火种时,手松开也不见火种,尔后能听到电磁阀释放声,说明火种供气管堵塞,对此可进行疏通。
(2)热电偶或电磁阀损坏:检查时,按下点火按钮,不见火种,也听不到电磁阀动作声,说明热电偶或电磁阀损坏。电磁阀的损坏一般是线圈断路,可用万用表检查。若电阻为无穷大,对此可进行更换;对热电偶应检查连接导线有无断路,再检查热电偶是否移位,并擦净表面氧化物;最后检查热电偶是否失效,方法是:将热电偶从固定夹中卸出悬空,用万用表pA档串入,用打火机给热电偶加热,15s后若电流很小(接近为0),说明热电偶失效,应更换。
(3)热电偶性能变差:点火按钮松开后有火种,但不久会自动熄灭,是因热电偶性能变差引起的,这时可将热电偶调到最佳受热位置,一般就可排除,必要时,更换热电偶。
8、主燃烧器不能点燃
(1)水压不足:引起水压不足的原因,一是当地水压不足,二是杂物堵塞水道。对于后者可清理过滤网内的杂质。
(2)主燃烧器的燃气管道被堵塞:进行疏通。
(3)水气联动阀的隔膜室隔膜穿孔:隔膜穿孔后,无法推动顶杆打开主燃烧器的燃气阀塞。修理时,拆开阀体,拆下膜片上的铜螺栓和垫片,更换同规格的新隔膜。
(4)水气联动阀的铜顶杆长期与水、燃气接触,造成氧化折断:更换新配件,也可用不锈钢材料按同样规格制成顶杆进行更换。
(5)隔膜室螺钉松动:松动后,造成隔膜室漏水,水压下降,顶杆无法打开燃气阀塞,对此可紧固隔膜室螺钉。效果不好时,可拆开隔膜室,在接合面周围涂上一层粘补胶,然后再紧固螺钉,干燥固化后即可使用。
(6)隔膜室中的压差平衡弹簧折断:更换新配件。
9、随着“叭”的一声响,全机熄灭
(1)点燃正常10s后出现声响和熄灭﹑这多是热电偶损坏造成的。检查时,用气体打火机燃烧热电偶尖端,用万用mV档测量两端电压,正常为20mV左右,若为0,说明热电偶损坏,应更换。
(2)正常使用10min后,出现声响和熄灭,这多是缺氧造成的,应及时补充新鲜空气。
10、关闭热水阀后,主燃烧器熄火
(1)燃气阀塞被水气连动阀顶杆卡住,打开水气连动阀,清理阀内顶杆表面的水锈,涂上润滑油,重新装好。
(2)压差平衡器的眼孔被管道内异物堵塞拆开阀壳,疏通眼孔。
11、热水水流不畅、水温偏高
(1)水温调节旋钮使用不当:检查水温旋钮是否置于需要的位置上,位置有误时,应予纠正(温度“最高”为水流最小,温度“最低”为水流最大)。
(2)水温调节失控:若是旋钮错位引起阀芯开度和指示温度不一致,应及时调整,必要时更换滑牙的旋钮;水温控制阀阀杆和阀芯密封件老化损坏时,会引起水流不畅,应更换密封件。
12、炮火保护装置失灵
(1)热电偶的探头和点火燃烧器的位置不当:调整时,可稍松一下固定热电偶探头的螺钉,将探头移至点火燃烧温度较高的位置,进行反复点火试验,直至电磁阀吸合,再将紧固螺钉拧紧。
(2)热电偶与电磁阀之间的连接螺母松动:将松动的螺母拧紧即可。
(3)热电偶损坏:若热电偶断线或发生在热点上的短路,一般是无法修复的,应进行更换。方法是:拧开与电磁阀连接的螺母,并松开探头在点火燃烧器旁的螺钉,拆下热电偶。更换新热电偶时,先将它与电磁阀连接的螺母拧紧,再将偶线弯成需要的形状.将探头固定在点火燃烧器附近温度较高的位置,装好后进行点火试验,确认电磁阀动作后,再进一步拧紧螺钉、螺母。
(4)电磁阀吸合电流变大:这多是由于衔铁极面被气源腐蚀和污染造成的。电磁阀吸合时间,刚出厂时,5s即可吸合。使用中的燃气热水器,电磁阀若在点火后30s还不吸合,就应进行去污或更换处理。
(5)电磁阀线圈断、短路或衔铁移位:这类故障,一般很难修复,应更换同型号电磁阀,更换方法见前。
13、调节水温的方法
(1)调节进气阀控制燃气进量,可调节水温。
(2)调节水温调节器,可控制出水温度。
(3)调节自来水阀控制最大水流量,可调节最低温度。
(4)水气连动阀还有自动控温的作用。
14、水垢的清除方法
水垢产生后,会使热水器热效率降低,同时还会使热水器管径变小,热水产率下降,水温过高,甚至会产生局部堵塞。为此应一年左右清洗一次,清洗的方法很多,下面仅介绍一种简单实用的方法。
(1)买一袋铝壶―次清除水垢剂,将其倒人约1.2L饮料瓶中,并加人约1L温水,搅拌均匀。
(2〉按图所示连接好。打开水温开关,用手挤压饮料瓶,待除垢液进入热水器,并从进水管流出时,关闭水温开关。
(3)点燃热水器常明小火,对除垢液加温,待10~15min后,关闭常明小火,打开水温开关,将饮料瓶中剩下的除垢液全部流入热水器并从进水口排出(可重复几次)。
(4)卸下饮料瓶,接好进水管,打开冷水阀门,用清水将热水器管道内残余的水垢及除垢液冲洗干净即可。
15、水动式热水器有水流出,但不点火
水动式热水器是在打开进水阀门或热水阀门时,热水器便会自动点火,数秒钟后便有热水产生。当有水流而不点火时,其故障原因是多种多样的,可以按以下步骤进行检查并排除故障。
(1)打开水源开关,查看指示灯是否有亮,如果红色亮,表明电池已达到无电状态,需更换电池;如果绿色亮,但无“嗒,嗒,嗒”响声及点火火花,表明点火器高压包烧毁或高压线脱落,应重新连接高压线或更换点火器;如果指示灯不亮又无点火火花出现、应检查有没有安装电池或电池是否装反,如果电池安装正常,则需检查电源连线是否可靠,发现情况应及时排除。
(2)当所有电导线未发现异常时,先检查微动开关〈有的热水器用水动磁控开关),用手按动微动开关或直接用导线(或旋具)进行短路连接,此时如果有点火动作,则证明是微动开关故障或开关拨片位置不对,应予以更换或调整。如果按动或短路微动开关,均无点火动作,则是点火器的故障,需更换点火器。
(3)当打开水源开关后有点火火花而没有着火时,应先检查点火针位置是否对准燃烧器,然后再检查电磁阀的连线连接是否良好,同时可根据该热水器的用电池情况,对电磁阀接入3V(或1.5V)的直流电压,查看燃烧器是否着火,如有着火,则表明点火器输出电流不足,需更换;如未有着火,则表明电磁阀有故障,也需更换。
(4)如果上述几种方法都无法查出原因时,就要检查其他的安全保护装置,例如,过热保护装置是否熔断或开路;防止不完全燃烧装置的热电偶是否反接或开路;水气联动装置是否活动自如(反复开、关水源、微动开关拨片应左右移动,如果不动作则是水阀膜片穿孔或联动杆卡死等)。
(5)在各项检查前应先检查气源是否开启,连接气源的气管是否折叠或太长,如果气管太长,应先多点火几次,让气管内的空气排空后,方可点火成功。
16、开水不着火或低温时熄火
(1)水压偏低因水压低,而无法打开水气联动阀,燃气就无法出来被点燃。
(2)水阀的橡胶薄膜破损、变形或偏心更换橡胶薄膜。
(3)进水管滤网堵塞、淋浴喷头堵塞以及水阀内的文氏管松动︰平时必须经常清理。使热水器保持较佳使用状态。
17、开水熄火或未开水着火
(1)冷热水阀门漏水或关闭不严,使热水器内有一定水压,打开水气联动阀而造成此故障更换或关严冷、热水阀门。
(2)水气联动阀内顶杆被卡死,或长期停用顶杆被粘着,胶圈变形造成顶杆运动缓慢而不熄火拆下顶杆清洗,并加润滑油。
(3)水气联动阀的气阀门弹簧器日久弹力不足更换弹簧。
(4)水阀进水管因无滤网,造成杂质卡死水阀顶轴而不炮火﹑先清洗干净水阀内部,再在进水管补加滤网,以保证水质干净。
二、故障代码与解决方案
现在很多产品都自带有自检功能,会根据提示告诉你产品出现了什么问题,让用户能快速找到问题,并且解决问题,相当的智能化人性化。
保养
一、使用时应经常检查常明火是否正常工作,有无阻塞;如火焰微弱,应立即关闭燃气气源开关,待清除垢物后,再行点燃。
二、热水器使用一段时间(一般为半年左右)后,应对水管、燃气管、容积式热水器的水箱等进行除垢,以防过滤网(见下图)被堵。水箱有沉积物,会影响热水器的正常使用。
三、每隔数月,应清除热水器排气口、进气排气筒、热交换器及周围积炭和灰垢。如果发现大量积炭或有许多阻塞物时,可将热水器卸下,倒过来轻轻清除,也可用自来水冲洗,冲洗时严禁将水溅到燃烧器喷嘴和常明火上,待干燥后再安装使用。
四、一般情况下,热水器使用一年后,应对其做一次全面检查,查清供气和供水系统的各个装置是否完好、正常,有无漏气、漏水等异常现象。
五、如使用的水质较硬,应在热水器的前端装配一水质软化装置,并及时清除热交换盘管(即蛇形管)或水箱的水垢。
六、经常擦试外壳。
太阳能热水器
结构原理
太阳能热水器一般由集热器、贮热装置、循环管路、辅助装置及淋浴喷头等部分组成。
一、集热器
集热器是太阳能热水器的关键部件,其性能好坏,对热水器的性能起着决定性的作用。按收集太阳能的不同原理,可分为平板型集热器和聚光型集热器两种。聚光型集热器只能聚集太阳的直射辐射能,需要对太阳进行跟踪,增加了装置成本,只有在需要附到较高温度等特殊场合使用;平板型集热器是目前应用较广泛的一种,它不仅能吸收太阳的直射辐射,还可以收集太刚的散射辐射。
二、贮热装置
贮热装置通常作为短期贮存热水、减少热损失的容器,贮热效果主要取决于装置保温性能的好坏。
三、循环管路
循环管路的作用是连通集热器、贮热水箱,形成一个完整的循环加热系统。
四、辅助装置
辅助装置的作用是使整个热水器装置能正常工作,并通过仪表加以显示。辅助装置包括水位显示装置、温度显示装置、循环泵、控制系统及辅助热源等。
故障检修
一、太阳能热水器的常见故障及排除方法见下表。
二、故障代码与解决方案
保养
必须经常保持集热器上盖的清洁;要防止空晒;使用一定时间后,应进行清洁处理,排除沉积的污垢;冬季停用时,必须将集热器及管道中的水排净,以防冻裂。
以上就是对热水器如何维修问题的介绍,希望能对您有所帮助!
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"热水器已成为生活中重要的一部分,给人们的生活带来极大的方便。但由于元器件自然老化、操作者的熟练程度、工作环境和工作强度等诸多因素常引发各类故障。接下来就为大家介绍如何维修热水器的问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TOoMdgI2YoYWSexY7dVcZ2pMnDd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电热水器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWYwdY2W6ouAUKxOM9McpuPzneg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KygedMsoWoOKu6x4dTRcL1OenQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电热水器具有结构简单、价格低、热效率高、无污染、使用方便等优点,使用寿命一般为15年左右,主要有贮水式和速热式两种。由于速热式电热水器功率高达3kW以上,且易漏电,很少有人问津;贮水式一般功率在1~2kW之间,安全方便,受到消费者喜爱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ee2WdOOIcoMkMwxC0wkctSSEnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、贮水式电热水器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GoEkdemA8ocwCSxl8dwcMZCjnbW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"贮水式电热水器一般由箱体系统、制热系统、控制系统和进出水系统四大部分组成。下面为部分国产名牌电热水器的结构示意图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GkCcdGS2goU480xczSccDttDnTf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":485,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ed7f139bafc4003b23a89038aa95292","width":692},"text":"","id":"GMuEdek0Io6GIAxyk5fcJcirnBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"、箱体系统","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EmSodaAs8oQwsCxm4VtcHuyGnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"箱体系统由外壳、内胆、保温层等构成,起到贮水保温的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XKUAdWCA4oEOesx0cKccGcX2nDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)外壳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PgCUdIyWwoy2MsxgjB3cgHIxn6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"外壳是电热水器的基本骨架,大部分部件都安装或固定在上面,所用材料有塑料、彩板、冷轧板、喷粉等几种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZQScdAQSmoCkwkxYTK5cEPeSnUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)内胆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LSwIdU4eIowMc6xGwblc81Klnyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"内胆既是盛水的容器,又是对外加热的场所,其寿命决定于内胆的材料和制造工艺。常见内胆材料有镀锌铁板、不锈钢板和钢板内涂搪瓷三种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HqwgdA6oQoAe48xALuqcsNBan4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)阳级棒","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IS8ydEOwMomQq8x477ecrmyHn2X"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"贮水式电热水器中的阳极棒是一根金属镁棒,主要用来保护金属水箱不被腐蚀和阻止水垢的形成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A8g4ds2g6oaoG2xkxhgcFS0znXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)保温层","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VcAadA6GWoSsi8xeq3oclbUNnod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"外壳与内胆之间的保温层,起减少热损失的作用,一般采用聚氨酯发泡、玻璃棉、石棉、纤维、毡和软木等。为增强保温效果,现多采用高密度聚氨酯发泡材料充填的新工艺,充填扎实,密封保温性好,即使12h不通电,水温也仅下降2℃左右。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S4A2dOigWogGksxgDD2cEGsUnth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)炉膛","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CAcCdSEWqo4YOkxgrLDcRJQQn3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"炉膛用于安装加热体和限温器,是由炉膛底盘、炉膛管、炉膛帽、温控管、螺孔柱焊接而成。螺孔柱经钻孔攻螺纹,用于安装镁棒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HIOGdU04SocMegxOSCkc7YIlnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、制热系统","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MUCAdGGQWo4aSixIXogcaeuOnBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电热水器采用的电热元件多采用管状结构,为提高热效率,直接放在水中加热,形状可根据内胆结构弯成U形或其他形状,金属护套管常见为不锈钢管或铜管。电加热管在通电后,其内部高电阻电热合金丝发热,通过金属管内的绝缘填充料导热至金属套管,起加热作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wsu0dye0SoYyS2xEFYEcucQpnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电加热管使用时间一长,在电加热管表面容易结污垢,不仅影响发热效果,而且会产生漏电现象。为此海尔、小鸭、东宝等厂家,将热水器部分产品的电热元件改为高压耐热的陶瓷发热器,如图所示。间接加热内胆中的水(通电后,首先预热周围的空气,然后通过钢板对水加热),使水电分离,不仅无漏电之忧,且可超快速加热。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Mi4WdcQ0aogw8qxS4dOcysZnnyc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":834,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4b3cc4067eb243bea2fe1a07e4f33158","width":1495},"text":"","id":"IG20dsouAoA6ucxi40TcCh31nvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、控制系统","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HyEEdsimwoQyKIxqgtMcRDCrnGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电热水器的控制系统主要包括温控器和漏电保护器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S8s4dwgoEo0uOOxAfqYcRpRKnVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)温控器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZeG0dUggeocA4XxaLXMcRebMncH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电热水器中使用的温控器主要有双金属片温控器、蒸气压力式温控器和电子温控器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IcGUduo6Wo8IYaxGGumcl4mtnVd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":720,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d45ae36f068d41a9801db870951e9a5f","width":801},"text":"","id":"NIMIdqMS0o004uxMBSEc6U2jnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)漏电保护器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KGqGdSwy6oAaqAxJD5GcQ6ZUnEW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在电热水器的漏电保护器中、将15mA确定为危险电流,超过这一数值时漏电保护器动作,正常的动作范围为15~30mA。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OUG6di2y8ouWGqxiorTcob2Jnlc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"海尔电热水器选用的是进口漏电保护器,动作值为15mA,动作时间为0.1s。小鸭等品牌电热水器电源线带有先进的电子控制漏电保护插头,其技术参数为:额定电压220V(5OHz),额定电流10A,漏电动作范围5~10mA,漏电动作时间≤50ms,最大分断能力300A,最大负载功率2200W。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZU2idaWugo0GYOxgnN2cUfXIn4e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e1fde3f53c6e4c828c774f1ace78784a","width":768},"text":"","id":"TYMWdUC4OocYu8xOCKCccvJWnnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、进、出水系统","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ky6ediEagoKsqQxGIZScNYd6nJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进、出水系统由进、出水管,混合阀、安全阀和淋浴喷头等组成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N6YmdMAUCoigsSxaYtzctAlPnJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)混合阀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LEcWdcseaoIIekxLMrpc6eL4njr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"混合阀的结构如图所示。由图可知,热水器内胆出水管、混合阀、喷头和大气相通,不受混合阀冷、热阀门控制胆内压力,故称为出口敞开式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XoQUdumU4o0Cwixu2NAcJhcEnNH"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":744,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f948916cdd73493fbd760ee2c8fbdf5e","width":887},"text":"","id":"GcYodwiKio28qIxI3rZcrg7OnEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单独打开右侧红点热水旋阀,自来水经出水管、混合阀、喷头流出,出热水,出水压力由热水阀控制;单独打开左侧蓝点冷水旋阀,自来水直接经混合阀由喷头流出冷水,出水压力由冷水阀控制。当同时打开冷热水阀门时,冷水和热水在混合阀出水口混合,适当调节冷热水阀门大小,可得到所需水温。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CMIEdCiO0oCiMuxsjuGcOCZ4nUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)安全阀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Eum6dA6iQoGYOcxOUPKc3d3Tnfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在自来水压力突然增高或加热水温过热,造成内胆压力超过规定耐压值时,安全阀会自动排压,以保护内胆。在加热过程中,安全阀会有缓慢的滴水现象,不是故障,是一种正常现象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YGCEdWowUoieUkxKyNwcIBctnUg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":425,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b41181aa1d5a4c8d875265320248ecf3","width":745},"text":"","id":"RYIMdu4Cqoc4EGxwXfncl2GZnZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、工作原理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GmyedIIOqoeae6xUNwZcy3jHn2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"贮水式电热水器的加热分单加热器加热和双加热器加热两种。前者,--般用在容积不太大的热水器中;后者、往往用于容积较大的热水器中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OWqSdAaAioQkWMxEVekc7UZtncg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、速热式电热水器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DSKod68S0o20WSxqC48c6n8enme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"快速热水器一般在接通电源、开启水阀后,仅需十几秒就会有充足的热水源源流出,因此也称流动式或即热式电热水器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VU0Kdg0uMoC8ogx6azGccJl1nIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、基本结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DecCdoQWWok8a2xi2Wccp2g6npb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"快速热水器主要由外壳、内腔、电热元件、压力开关和温度控制等部分组成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DICsdMQ2uoKQmUx2RktcUhz5nEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、工作原理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NSy4duKQKouamqxsB9XcQ3NAn0f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)腔体式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CWawdoSououGGAxSM2vcAyuznwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开进水阀门,水流入腔体。当水充满腔体后,在水压和重力作用下,使橡皮膜下凹,从而带动通过膜片中心的通水管子上端,使触点闭合接通电源,这样电阻丝通电发热,被加热的水沿通水管上开有的小孔流入管内,再经过莲蓬头喷射出来,供人们使用。当停止进水时,靠橡皮膜弹力恢复使触头断开,从而切断电源。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SEwWdwcICoEuA0xO02FcSwJ0nZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)水槽式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IKYIdQOSOow86cxE6smc1JNZnPM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在未接通水源时,压力开关处于常态(触点断开),微动开关s不动作,从而继电器线圈不通电,这时整机不工作。接通水源后,因水压升高,这时压力开关触点动作,继电器KA吸合,主电路触点闭合,指示灯HL点亮,这时只要将转换开关(功率调节器)根据需要调节在适当位置,电热元件即可工作,就会有热水从莲蓬头中源源不断流出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ow6CdMSQAoOCqCxM6DjcLzpenWc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":594,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c5ef3ba42b5c4b979caf872e28067009","width":1499},"text":"","id":"Nu4qdWYGkosu2wxeIb9clBTGnFb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常见故障分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NqkSdA84CosOaWx8gStc7Vy5nDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、电热水器检修工艺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O0yod2SIYoCMSexOItkcwiQIn5g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面以海尔电热水器为例,对电热水器的检修工艺过程介绍如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T08IdKAKUo0ycsxg7aVcNhtqn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、电源检查","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KYw2dIQOcoQO6WxCYELc3LXjncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用万用表交流电压档(~500V档)测量插座零线和火线,零线和地线是否接通,若不通为正常;反之,则电源不能使用,应修复。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FoS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","id":"C42edkkIMoCGU2xsZCKcyowcnQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)绝缘电阻用兆欧表测量应大于50MΩ。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TqKydyGSyoAU06xo3gFcIHZVnTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)电源的接地端与电热水器易触及金属部件之间的接地电阻应小于0.1Ω。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FIeWdmCcIoeaIexOycccnczpncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"安全性能测试合格后,才能按工艺要求将电热水器重新安装好,投入使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NQWGdGC8IoecOMxKEzNcQiLZnLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、电热水器常见故障分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PqwGd8oYio8QMUx0EOwcTS1unMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、出水不热","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hiw0d8O2aoyyOQxcn0ScY4iwnGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)冷热水调节不当:这是由于热水阀开得太小,冷水阀开得太大造成的。应适当调节冷热水阀的开度,使出水温度适合使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NKgWdIieuo4EkIx2PHZc87npnDd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常见故障分析","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/255d3584b2d943dd9dac61833a768876","width":877},"text":"","id":"LgIsd08suoSgcqx6nqrczDq4nDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)电源未接通:调整电源插头或开关,使其接触良好。若采用的是漏电保护插头,应将其“复位按钮”按下,排除以上故障若仍不能接通电源,应拆开电热水器仔细检查回路是否有导线脱落、断开等情况,若有,应及时排除。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DqUUdkwm4o8sUwx8Vg6c8eOjnkd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":430,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常见故障分析","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7525bc62aad642a98962870140d6b9c4","width":602},"text":"","id":"LiOydYyacoMOaExcx55cYrvunVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)电加热器损坏:用万用表电阻档测量电热元件电阻值,正常情况下,1kW电热水器,电阻为49Ω左右;3kW,16Ω左右。功率不同的电热水器,其电热元件的阻值不同。若电阻为无穷大,说明电热元件损坏,应予更换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QOSidOkc0okWmmxGsh3ca1E2nEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)温控器损坏:当温控器触头接触不良或感温体内感温剂泄漏时,可引起温控器不能正常工作。对于前者可拆开压力式温控器进行修复;对于后者只好更换新的压力式温控器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YIYidcmquoags8xkRVycrNrNnxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、出水温度太高","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SuAqdK84io4a8cx4SmYcOJCfnme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)冷热水调节不当:适当调节冷热水阀的开度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N26mdYGgwoYYMixg7uMcRjocnRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)温控器旋钮调节不当或触点粘连:将温控器旋钮调至温度较低处;对触点粘连的,可将温控器拆开,将粘连触点分开,并对触点进行研修、调整,经调整后,一般即可使用,必要时可进行更换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CSEkdASQSoqCEoxM7UVc9FRHnch"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":597,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常见故障分析","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cbf6dc3eb93f4a5d87512021c3e7b634","width":917},"text":"","id":"Kuq8d8goOoQocEx0UwocD7XmnCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)限温器失灵:检修限温器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MCoidKiAuoIcMyx0ETIcXvqCnQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、漏水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NCsCduU4Qo2aeixkBlDc1TuUnnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)管道连接处漏水:对接口密封不好造成的漏水,应重新安装接口;若属自来水压太高,应在自来水道上设置减压阀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KcA6dUOUkouQ40xiEPPcjXvsnaf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":583,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常见故障分析","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/33c965c6e47942b3a19736b9b5204fe1","width":872},"text":"","id":"Lgm8d2mSSo4OySxmOzYcSSIZnng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)安全阀接口漏水:是由于安全阀松扣或密封不好造成的,应重新拧紧和密封。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IoA4dEMyaoecUgx8onkcaBTpnUb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":669,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常见故障分析","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/35fca532fa97417faddbabccd68607f9","width":880},"text":"","id":"MgU2dMSyYo8kkoxGYhGcDCzZn9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、出水带电","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WQ8UdSiSGoKYmaxQfyOc6P8Anvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)出水口接地失效:重新接好接地线,保证接地电阻小于0.1Ω。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKgudacMKo4KuCx4XePcNCLGnqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)水中分布电流大:用细钢丝编织成网,包在出水口上,并与接地线良好接触。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BSwkdc4mcomsYqxgpWAcPDiBn0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)电热元件绝缘损坏或失效:更换电热元件,更换时要保持电气接触良好,有关密封部分不漏水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z0GudayU4o6OsWxfU6zcz9VDnHY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)内部导线绝缘层损坏,搭接在外壳或内胆上:拆开电热水器,检查出导线绝缘层损坏的部分,进行更换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IGYgdkOiMoI48ExzhN5cdE2NnLC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、进水困难","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GM6sdmQMKoUeoExMbRgcTMeJn8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)脏堵:主要是由于自来水水质不好,杂质超量,堵住进水口的逆止阀。设有进水滤网的热水器大都是滤网孔被堵。在确定水压正常后,关闭自来水供水总阀,清理管路,冲出胜物或清洗滤网。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VKO6d0828okQwKxQnSMckxnvnfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)汽堵:常见于密闭水箱贮水式电热水器中。其特征是:热水阀打开后,喷出大量水蒸气,此时应将调温器调到最小位置或切断电源,先将蒸汽从热水阀排出,然后打开冷水进水阀,使热水器排水,降低水温,再检修温控器;若热水阀打开后,热汽断续流出,量很小,一般是脏堵造成的。此时应开大热水阀和冷水进水阀,以降低水温,待水温降低后,检查热水阀是否脏堵,洗净后冷水便会从热水阀流出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Om8cdKyEioGG4sx44UlcqAPin2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)供水压力不正常:当供水管路因水压下降,供水压力低于贮水压力,逆止阀不能被顶开,会造成进水困难。这种故障,待水压正常后,故障即自行消失。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZuwGdq6CgoIaEIxUVQxc1rKjndc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UuAGdAwwOogeW4xWMVmcKBqMnrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用一段时间后,应取下喷头,按安装方法进行冲洗。长期使用后,若升温慢,应检查电热元件是否结垢,若结垢,可用去垢剂清除水垢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TIA2d8eaQokGsaxO2LIc2TaknLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"若漏水,应更换相应的橡胶密封圈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Nkigd2Eu4oi6glxym54cw4jJnI3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"若加热时蒸汽冒出,则表明恒温器失效。或感温头脱出,应关闭电路,经检查修复后再用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWgQdAcagoQ8EQx4eKDceRo9ncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"加热时因水的膨胀,喷头有时会有少量热水溢出,这属正常现象,不必过分用力拧紧热水阀,以免加速损坏密封圈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ss6idy4AeoMgOIx6mVccESPinPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"自来水阀可使用不带手轮的阀门或者安装好后取下手轮,以防误关此阀,导致水箱缺水而烧毁电热丝。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PWkydUIOIosqkaxcJT6coKeancb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"燃气热水器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EmkGd4cqCok2cGxUrnUcojNXnHd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CGMkdSwwmoIEGAxgfjucH3JmnZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目前,家用快速燃气热水器常见为壁挂式,适合淋浴使用,主要由水路系统、燃气系统、热交换系统、排烟系统和安全装置五大部分组成。其结构示意图如下所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V48udWcmQoakmMx4mVTcota2nAb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":897,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"结构","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2c3235234e654902a40487f338c99b13","width":1262},"text":"","id":"FuEKdyoIso8A8gxai9ccnk69nfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)水路系统主要包括进水阀、水膜阀等,其中水膜阀是关键部件,起控制水气联动装置的作用,当水源切断后立即切断燃气;水阀是控制冷水进入热水器流量大小的装置,水阀燃烧器在同样工作状态下,流量大的,输出热水温较低,反之则水温升高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZAm2dayWYoCUEcxMJCYcengxnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)燃气系统主要包括燃气调节阀、水气联动阀、常明火、主燃烧器。其中主燃烧器是热水器供热的主要部件;水气联动阀是由水流的压力差控制气阀的开启以防止空烧。燃气调节阀可调节进入主燃烧器气量,以达到调节水温的目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PQkGdYKICoeAC4xWGhIcqrfXnzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)热交换系统主要包括腔体、集热片和弯管。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PKW2dKGiioSk4Wx63PfchJSUnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)排烟系统包括热水器外壳、排气烟管和排烟口等。燃烧后的烟气,须经过排烟系统排出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AYK2dQ0k8os2qsxfWf4cL7JanCE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)安全装置主要包括由热电偶和电磁阀组成的熄火保护、缺氧保护、水气联动阀防止空烧、排水阀防止过水压和冻裂。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LIO6dcQuQo26iSxi295cllDhnZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面重点介绍燃气热水器主要部件结构原理","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EskWd8mkwogOQ4xamOBcLlK2nfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、点火装置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FuyudEG4IowISAxER0Dcc5P4nTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点火装置的作用是点燃小火(常明火)并保持其燃烧。当按下点火按钮时,小火管有燃气流出,此时点火器工作,点燃旁边的小火。燃气热水器的点火方式主要有压电陶瓷点火和电脉冲点火两种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LI8EdwICGo4GQCxmssIcx8VgnUb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":660,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"结构","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/31c6e50fd12c433eaa7a8a2f0f4ef21e","width":750},"text":"","id":"Ays6dC2OUogYgQxacJrcBM7nn1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、水气联动阀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NemcdiAkkos68wxRwRuc2P7anOi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水气联动阀是保证燃气热水器安全使用的重要部件,其主要作用是:当水压足够,水在热交换器中流动时,燃气才能进入主燃烧器进行燃烧;而当水流停止或压力不足时,自动切断燃气供给,以防因缺水面燃坏热水器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZucqdiI44os06GxkzQuclgJhnlb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"结构","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/516af55f2e064ad78b8c0992e136f804","width":800},"text":"","id":"AiKodKiUSok20ixkfGicQNhPnOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、燃烧器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SeSMdiUcSokiQyxqyOoc0AgOnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、常明火为点燃主燃烧器作准备,常明火有单独的燃气通路。同时常明火加热熄火保护装置中的热电偶,使电磁阀开闭燃气阀门。当由热电偶或双金属片构成的熄火保护装置一旦检测到常明小火熄灭,熄火保护装置将自动切断气源。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R4awdaOQ8o2IoixSIAGchMqCnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常明火点火管一般用铜管或不锈钢制成,为保证燃烧的稳定,大多采用大气式燃烧方式,即燃烧前预混一部分空气,由于这种燃烧方式火焰短而稳定,用它加热热电偶或热双金属片时,热量集中,不易产生误动作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UQwydCSUcoiQY6xkj83cR1hdn3d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、主燃烧器是燃气热水器提供热源的主要部件,热负荷较大,火力强而且集中,火焰高度实短不宜长,一般采用大气式燃烧器来满足要求,而且大多不设一次调节装置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VG4edEi6IoUGCUx2Z6vcuBr8n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加热成热水,经混合水管的冷水混合,就可从供热水龙头流出适合使用的热水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MEewdgsWSoIgKMxIplmcQs6cncg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当关闭出水口时,水气连动阀内的压差消失,从而关闭了水气连动阀的气阀,主燃烧器的火焰熄灭,热水停止流出,按下熄火键,点火键复位,关闭主气阀,常明火熄灭。此时熄火安全装置的热电偶的热电势下降,电磁阀关闭。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A0O0dIm0ioKm0SxwzdtcIdcJnFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下图为沈乐满牌SR-5型后制式燃气热水器电气原理图,供参考。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Gwgkd6s0UoKga6xuxulcO1r8nrb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":491,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2ca7e1e9708d4ed2bd13d22d98a85f5c","width":747},"text":"","id":"IcUudSAUuoeo4KxAZH7cl8sbnkf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检修","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KUwKdcGMqoAAawx0AeRcn9m8n3d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、常见故障分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IwMAd6im6oWEgixwR7Xc0bZTnZm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、打不着火或打火困难","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xkkwd2iQCooeiIxM3Glcjw7cnof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)刚打开气源时,由于气管内空气尚未排空,短时间内难以打火,只要多打几次,让气管内的空气排空后,便能成功点火。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RAYqdgComo6gaGxcXQXcxBYxnLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)喷嘴堵塞:在打火时有火星,而无法点燃火种,表明喷嘴有堵塞,此时只要将喷嘴进行清理即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYQUdm6GSoGKssxiADBcqAuHnPf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3b0bdf9d30bb4345978e7e4db0bfe4f3","width":800},"text":"","id":"FGSodKWMuoSkwCxozhzcg2fJnhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)点火针破裂或松动:多数热水器点火针绝缘体是用陶瓷制作的,若陶瓷破裂或点火针松动,就会造成没有对着火种进行点火,打不着火。此时应更换点火针或对点火针进行调整位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DEmYdgAiQoi6wSxCG30cyGlInDc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a4a5502894164d50adea808c8c9b7205","width":957},"text":"","id":"ZCiod26Mwou4cexUvPTc0aG7nKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)压电陶瓷失效手动式热水器一般是采用压电陶瓷点火,若点火时无点火火花,通常是压电陶瓷损坏造成的,应及时进行更换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IOECdwCkKouIuUxiS2PcZyMOnQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)水动式热水器电磁阀损坏,点火时,有火星而点不着火,此时先检查电磁阀接线是否良好,若未发现接线不良,应更换电磁阀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VGS6dwUusoSCQsxUz7Tc9RyanTh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bb059af299b04523b214eb7d6f88418b","width":976},"text":"","id":"KiU8dyQ2GoEIIqxk39sc31iHnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)水动式热水器点火时无火星此时按顺序检查电池是否有电或装反,电池盒是否有接触不良,微动开关是否损坏,电脉冲发生器和接线是否有故障。排除故障后即可点火。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EIAIdMQ4coEaQexkNRVcT03Tnrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、中途","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"燎火","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TA6sdkECcoS4w4xYTrmcO5m1nRM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)热电偶与电磁阀接触不良或失效:若在热水器使用过程中,偶然中途熄火,说明热电偶与电磁阀接触不良,此时应紧固两者的联接螺母;当热水器打火后,中途熄火的时间都较接近时,表明热电偶已开始失效,应尽早更换。当热水器每次中途熄火的时间不规则时,表明火种与热电偶的位置不太准确,应调整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P2e6dmQYKoS2O2x2bDwc2pzbn2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)燃气气压不稳定:适当调整气源压力或清洗火种喷嘴。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E8CadAy6koIIoWxCytEchxxMnMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3〉保护装置动作:当直排式热水器使用时间过长,且室内换气较差时,或热交换器(水箱)长期没有清洗而造成严重积炭,保护装置便会自动关闭气源,导致熄火。对于前者,需打开门窗,使室内空气流通,对于后者需定期(每年1~2次)清洗热交换器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PceMdqCgao8oQYxsrEqchR4SnZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)水动式热水器离子感应针被污染:若每次使用时,都要打2~3次火,应对感应针进行清洗,若经清洗,还有同样的问题出现,说明感应针的材质或电子点火器质量不良,应及时更换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IsiQdUOI0oMc4kxQLmAcCDwJnwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、漏气","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J82MdSsCYoQSwAxEvJUcIESInWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"漏气主要是由于密封用的密封圈破损老化或配合不严造成的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DomedSGCAogyOax8ertcguRAn0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)进水接头安装不良而漏气:重新安装平面胶圈,上紧并紧固气接头。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Be0CdOgCyokcMUxeYKFcAT3Xnsc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":587,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5cf67069ab4f4d0990f6a1095536e45f","width":1001},"text":"","id":"T88CdoiGCo8AmcxcN3QcIiG4nJe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)气阀体上联接面漏气:更换密封胶圈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SYc8ds8coomWo8xQ5QwcNiKfnWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)气阀芯上的润滑脂干而漏气:清洗气阀芯,重新均匀涂上润滑脂(二硫化钼),以确保气阀芯不再漏气。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PEgOdSGi4o2E4qxo3s4cg0t3nwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、漏水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ggcydkiuko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"width":842},"text":"","id":"Fi6sdICKGoeCWixiAP3cIfJwnwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)点燃热水器常明小火,对除垢液加温,待10~15min后,关闭常明小火,打开水温开关,将饮料瓶中剩下的除垢液全部流入热水器并从进水口排出(可重复几次)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SocOdwqKYoSMiMx8TvTcwc0JnGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)卸下饮料瓶,接好进水管,打开冷水阀门,用清水将热水器管道内残余的水垢及除垢液冲洗干净即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QoIMdYk2ioYkckxI9cUcqd4dnsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"15、水动式热水器有水流出,但不点火","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KYwed4IMuoSuW8xMzHvczQI4nZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水动式热水器是在打开进水阀门或热水阀门时,热水器便会自动点火,数秒钟后便有热水产生。当有水流而不点火时,其故障原因是多种多样的,可以按以下步骤进行检查并排除故障。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEGgds0YcoKK2AxYDbYcygLzncc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)打开水源开关,查看指示灯是否有亮,如果红色亮,表明电池已达到无电状态,需更换电池;如果绿色亮,但无“嗒,嗒,嗒”响声及点火火花,表明点火器高压包烧毁或高压线脱落,应重新连接高压线或更换点火器;如果指示灯不亮又无点火火花出现、应检查有没有安装电池或电池是否装反,如果电池安装正常,则需检查电源连线是否可靠,发现情况应及时排除。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Lci2dEE6QoYkkYxgbfkcx6S8nLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)当所有电导线未发现异常时,先检查微动开关〈有的热水器用水动磁控开关),用手按动微动开关或直接用导线(或旋具)进行短路连接,此时如果有点火动作,则证明是微动开关故障或开关拨片位置不对,应予以更换或调整。如果按动或短路微动开关,均无点火动作,则是点火器的故障,需更换点火器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KkkydUcEsockOmx6qzFcK2YCnib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)当打开水源开关后有点火火花而没有着火时,应先检查点火针位置是否对准燃烧器,然后再检查电磁阀的连线连接是否良好,同时可根据该热水器的用电池情况,对电磁阀接入3V(或1.5V)的直流电压,查看燃烧器是否着火,如有着火,则表明点火器输出电流不足,需更换;如未有着火,则表明电磁阀有故障,也需更换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DyKqdIsWOo6W4gxwTh1cR2gxnRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)如果上述几种方法都无法查出原因时,就要检查其他的安全保护装置,例如,过热保护装置是否熔断或开路;防止不完全燃烧装置的热电偶是否反接或开路;水气联动装置是否活动自如(反复开、关水源、微动开关拨片应左右移动,如果不动作则是水阀膜片穿孔或联动杆卡死等)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Aq00deQU6oM2msxMpAccnSNynKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)在各项检查前应先检查气源是否开启,连接气源的气管是否折叠或太长,如果气管太长,应先多点火几次,让气管内的空气排空后,方可点火成功。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pwmmd2cS8oS86WxSE4icjArLnCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"16、开水不着火或低温时熄火","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SuymdkuGso22GKxiCyoczW8CnNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)水压偏低因水压低,而无法打开水气联动阀,燃气就无法出来被点燃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HK6MdKA6EoYuAYxYHsHcZvbwnpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)水阀的橡胶薄膜破损、变形或偏心更换橡胶薄膜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R0i2d2SggoKQuoxIDE8cC9mWnsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)进水管滤网堵塞、淋浴喷头堵塞以及水阀内的文氏管松动︰平时必须经常清理。使热水器保持较佳使用状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S4yEdsWiOoYWSWx0u7kcVaEXnhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"17、开水熄火或未开水着火","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZwUsd68qWo4uSQx2J4lcWusznLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)冷热水阀门漏水或关闭不严,使热水器内有一定水压,打开水气联动阀而造成此故障更换或关严冷、热水阀门。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uugadk64UoYcyqxe4Vscr8f5nkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)水气联动阀内顶杆被卡死,或长期停用顶杆被粘着,胶圈变形造成顶杆运动缓慢而不熄火拆下顶杆清洗,并加润滑油。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CwEYdY4IuoKY0exms6scEj7Onid"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":585,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67d4303afc8f4cbdbac1a27d12465b66","width":774},"text":"","id":"YAQedQOUcomSAyxugZHcaQaDnJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)水气联动阀的气阀门弹簧器日久弹力不足更换弹簧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X4YKdWo4cocO2qxkRn2c3nCLngC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)水阀进水管因无滤网,造成杂质卡死水阀顶轴而不炮火﹑先清洗干净水阀内部,再在进水管补加滤网,以保证水质干净。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LgImdA6UkouQ4AxCsYYcUbTMnVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、故障代码与解决方案","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M6ISdc8sUoYKsExe2QAc2tK2noh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现在很多产品都自带有自检功能,会根据提示告诉你产品出现了什么问题,让用户能快速找到问题,并且解决问题,相当的智能化人性化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KwaEdO0iEouYI6xEByNc5lvjngg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":8304,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2a869e8cc069406ea3f5408b5f370b2a","width":616},"text":"","id":"XGAYdoqIaosoGWxsjUscVsaCn9e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BqqUd6y6coM8OAxQv08cmAINned"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、使用时应经常检查常明火是否正常工作,有无阻塞;如火焰微弱,应立即关闭燃气气源开关,待清除垢物后,再行点燃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Le6Md0ymAoA6aOxszUUcXzVRn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、热水器使用一段时间(一般为半年左右)后,应对水管、燃气管、容积式热水器的水箱等进行除垢,以防过滤网(见下图)被堵。水箱有沉积物,会影响热水器的正常使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W6aad4u04o82Gyx2FDkcL3lTnOZ"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":753,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"保养","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/27083823e9974b858eeaaf57205f769f","width":750},"text":"","id":"EqWcdqcaCoc00exAt9BcNQbEnNg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":697,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"保养","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a4c488af03148dbbef0aa77f5e12b43","width":861},"text":"","id":"OswidMM6sokaUExoz5oc2ofrnld"}],"text":"","id":"F406d6kySoiey4x62aAcU2zynCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、每隔数月,应清除热水器排气口、进气排气筒、热交换器及周围积炭和灰垢。如果发现大量积炭或有许多阻塞物时,可将热水器卸下,倒过来轻轻清除,也可用自来水冲洗,冲洗时严禁将水溅到燃烧器喷嘴和常明火上,待干燥后再安装使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F406d6kySoiey4x62aAcU2zynCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、一般情况下,热水器使用一年后,应对其做一次全面检查,查清供气和供水系统的各个装置是否完好、正常,有无漏气、漏水等异常现象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OmeCd8uScoQ28ixGu7Mcj6Y4nHc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、如使用的水质较硬,应在热水器的前端装配一水质软化装置,并及时清除热交换盘管(即蛇形管)或水箱的水垢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CuSGd6oGeoG6SoxSYucccWXUnke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"六、经常擦试外壳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HieqdSA6Wo860ixeaf0cviZqnqe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"太阳能热水器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WwScdUiE2oIC6Sxqa4xciFgbn8c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"结构原理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LqSidYs6WoomAOxKAMvcfN1FnQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"太阳能热水器一般由集热器、贮热装置、循环管路、辅助装置及淋浴喷头等部分组成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q2OqdWCMQoiuIox67v2cQ7S1nsb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":452,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"结构原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f518d1b3987f48128d5edf1d5a9af5b1","width":603},"text":"","id":"D4AydYeMeoI44sx2HrmcvYqonsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、集热器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HWyMdogGaoe0SUxgn3dcINFYnFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"集热器是太阳能热水器的关键部件,其性能好坏,对热水器的性能起着决定性的作用。按收集太阳能的不同原理,可分为平板型集热器和聚光型集热器两种。聚光型集热器只能聚集太阳的直射辐射能,需要对太阳进行跟踪,增加了装置成本,只有在需要附到较高温度等特殊场合使用;平板型集热器是目前应用较广泛的一种,它不仅能吸收太阳的直射辐射,还可以收集太刚的散射辐射。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Do2KdKEkuokQQyx6hLecByWvn5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、贮热装置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UOU4dc0Sio4uSsxWuEZcauvDnDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"贮热装置通常作为短期贮存热水、减少热损失的容器,贮热效果主要取决于装置保温性能的好坏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q8wcdUSOwooKUaxmmj7cu8eyn9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、循环管路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YYAqdO6AqoSWqux0A2dcHm6cnvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"循环管路的作用是连通集热器、贮热水箱,形成一个完整的循环加热系统。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pg6wdK8AMo4yWsxAbKRcuRTxnTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、辅助装置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CwSadUGGGoWcCgxXXXMcWBTwnnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"辅助装置的作用是使整个热水器装置能正常工作,并通过仪表加以显示。辅助装置包括水位显示装置、温度显示装置、循环泵、控制系统及辅助热源等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MqAYdGcOWoqK6GxEzFZcYnStnwd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检修","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BmcAdEMMMoQkI4xwxsGcnlx3nkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、太阳能热水器的常见故障及排除方法见下表。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEAsdsoAqoa2KwxuGlucf6WEnZf"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":276,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/22e275a6509142acbb6029ea83f1eac1","width":966},"text":"","id":"QyM4dcwYeoqIiUxikNrcRcSXnLb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":517,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eb615d2c769f443ea1c7f95292001079","width":959},"text":"","id":"OUWkdaoqsoaeCGxY7F5cSJyNnbb"}],"text":"","id":"FYIwdc6ySosIM2xO8rPcfC5DnKP"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、故障代码与解决方案","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FYIwdc6ySosIM2xO8rPcfC5DnKP"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":578,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3b7a96a809dc4593adca37f02d17874b","width":791},"text":"","id":"Ccewd2eE6ogoISxyaEic88jqnsg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TMWadoKWko4iIixSqg4csuginVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"必须经常保持集热器上盖的清洁;要防止空晒;使用一定时间后,应进行清洁处理,排除沉积的污垢;冬季停用时,必须将集热器及管道中的水排净,以防冻裂。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HIyIdM6keoy62WxqKC6crhC9n5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以上就是对热水器如何维修问题的介绍,希望能对您有所帮助!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G8qodwci8oYu8ex2FQmcczjmnff"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E