1. 查验PDA
谢邀;1.如果你的车是五座小轿车的话(并且并没有出现过任何人员伤亡事故)你的车属于免检车类型。是不需要上线检测,(确定没有违章的话)只需要携带行驶证,交通责任强制险保单(当年有效期内)去当地车检所领取检验合格标志。
2.如果你的车辆是需要上线检测的话: 在用机动车定期检验业务流程:
第一步:窗口收费;(登录室)
第二步:外检处外检,PDA拍照查验;(外检处)
第三步:机动车排气污染检测;(环保线)
第四步:安全性能检测;(安检线)
第五步:领取环保检测报告;(业务大厅)
第六步:领取环保合格标志;(业务大厅)
第七步:领取外观查验表;(业务大厅)
第八步:领取安检,环检报告单;(业务大厅)
第十一步:资料汇总上传进行远程查验;(业务大厅)
第十二步:等待盖章,领取检验合格标志(业务大厅)
恭喜你顺利完成车检,开着你的爱车可以回家了。
2. 查验pda还应具备哪些功能
那叫PDA,警方专用。
可即时显示被查验人员的基本信息,前科记录,是否被布控。
3. 查验pda应具备的功能
机动车PDA查验就是通过电脑连接车辆,查验一辆机动车是否符合各项检测标准。
4. 查验pda还应拓展哪些业务
读卡器的用途 提起读卡器,特别多人都立即会想到这种产品是配合数码相机而产生的,不过目前已经不再局限于数码相机用了,而是扩展到了更多的领域。“读卡器”顾名思义这是一种读取数据的设备,但其不单单可以支持数据的读取同样支持数据的写入。
其初期的设计思路主要是为了弥补数码相机数据输出的缺陷而产生的。
由于早期USB接口并不普及,因此数码相机的输出口都是同电脑(PC)的串口连接的,由于串口的数据传输速度很低,假如把这类数据拷贝到硬盘上,那就要花费大量的等待时间了。因此,读卡器就应运而生了。
随着MP3、PDA等数码产品的发展,有力的推动了读卡器的发展。
目前MP3标配的32M或64M闪存明显的已经不能满足我们的要了,因此添置128M的闪存成了我们的标准配置,但我们假如要把MP3歌曲拷贝到闪存上的话,仅有通过MP3播放器来进行,而这个时候我们就要专用的连线、驱动(Drive)和软件才可以完成,这样MP3播放器的可以便携携性就差特别多,而假如这个时候我们用读卡器的话,完全不要MP3播放器的干预,直接就可以把MP3歌曲存放到闪存上,这样MP3就变得用更方便了。
除了为上述的数码设备提供便捷的数据转移的用处之外,目前读卡器还被大量的运用在移动的数据存储上。
在早些年用电脑(PC)的时候,只需要几张软盘就能拷下常用的软件,DOS系统(System)只需要做在一张软盘里就够了,而那些小游戏(game)一张软盘可以装好几个。
软驱作为标准的驱动(Drive)设备基本可以满足人们工作、学习的存储要。
之后,随着计算机技术的发展,特别是WINDOWS操作系统(System)的推出,软件体积成几何级数增加,标准的1.44M软盘对于这类庞然大物来说那可怜的容量犹如“杯水车薪”。
大容量存储的渴求导致了硬盘驱动(Drive)器、光驱和各种压缩存储设备等“大肚量”存储器的日益普及,不光如此,习惯于移动办公的人们更期望拥有轻便易携带、数据储量大的“随身存”设备。
因此外置存储设备的种类也越来越多,最早有ZIP,之后又有外置硬盘等等。
不过它们的体积还不够小,随身带还是有些不便。
目前流行的U盘,如朗科优盘、鲁文易盘、爱国者迷你王,它们将USB控制器与闪存芯片集成在一起,体积十分小巧,对于大容量的数据传输十分方便。
不过,这类产品的价钱较高,你为此付出的代价也不菲。
若用读卡器与存储卡的组合也可以提供U盘相同的效果,存储卡主要有CF卡和SM卡,它们都用闪存芯片,在MP3播放器、数码相机、PDA等设备上广泛用。
当USB读卡器插上存储卡后,就相当于1个移动电子硬盘了。
这样轻巧方便的闪存卡就成为我们目前方便的移动存储媒介了,而读卡器则是这类闪存用来交换数据的最方便设备。
它们性能与U盘相当,体积也不大。可是两者相比的价钱有较的差距,如一种128MB的U盘的价钱在1000元左右;而用读卡器(100元)加上一块128MB的存储卡(400元),一共只需要500元,优势明显。
此外,这种组合方式具有极强的扩展能力。目前存储卡的价钱不断下跌,假如以后你要增加容量,可以直接购买存储卡,其价钱将比同容量的整体电子硬盘便宜许多。
并且假如你以后购置数码相机或MP3播放器等设备,存储卡可以直接用在上边,保护了你的投资。 读卡器的分类 读卡器从接口上来看主要有:并口读卡器、串口读卡器材、USB读卡器、PCMICA卡读卡器和IEEE 1394读卡器。
前两种读卡器由于接口速度慢或安装不方便已经基本被淘汰了。
USB读卡器是目前市场上最流行的读卡器,PCMICA卡读卡器最主要的被应用在本本电脑(PC)上,而IEEE 1394读卡器由于支持的接口还木有流行,应用还不太广泛。
目前市场上主要的闪存或多媒体卡主要为:SM卡、CF卡、MicroDrive、MemoryStick、MMC卡和SD卡。 按照读取的闪存种类来分,读卡器又被分为单功能读卡器、多功能读卡器。单功能读卡器一般只可以读取一种类型的闪存卡,如CF读卡器只可以读取CF闪存卡,SM读卡器只可以读取SM闪存卡,这类读卡器的价钱较低,只需要100元;而多功能读卡器则是对各种闪存卡通吃,无论是SM卡、CF卡还是MemoryStick都可以轻松读取,不过这类产品的价钱稍稍高一点,根据读取闪存卡的种类多少,价钱在200-500之间不等。
5. 查验pda时录像不够清晰
我们常说“字如其人”“见字如面”,可见写一手好字的重要性。特别是在当下,越来越多的考试采用答题卡,网上阅卷,字体的清楚、整洁、美观成为取得优异成绩的首要条件。因此,在小学阶段练一手好字就显得尤为必要。
写字习惯
从孩子一年级学习写字开始,掌握正确的写字姿势,养成良好的写字习惯,才有助于孩子的身体发育,视力保护,同时这也是在为中高年级孩子较为轻松地提升写字速度做准备。
坐姿
孩子的坐姿是家长最容易关注的点,要求做到:头正、肩平、身直、足。其中“足安”可能会被大家忽略,那就是双脚自然平放在地上,全脚掌着地,双腿分开约与肩同宽,此时孩子的整个坐姿才是稳定的。
同时还要做到“一拳一尺一寸”,也就是身体距桌子一拳,眼睛离课本一尺(约33厘米),握笔手指离笔尖约一寸(约3.3厘米),不含胸驼背。
坐端正后,还可以提醒孩子将写字的书本放在书桌正前方的中央,摆正后再来书写,避免歪歪斜斜地摆放。
在孩子学习写字的初期,家长可以利用儿歌、口诀多加督促提醒,帮助孩子有意识地养成良好的坐姿习惯。
握笔姿势
握笔姿势和坐姿要从小抓起。儿童肌肉的发育是不平衡的,做精细动作的能力较差,握笔写字是比较费劲的。家长要耐心指导,帮助孩子掌握正确的握笔方法。
1、首先将大拇指和食指伸出
2、俩指轻合成圆环状。
3、笔杆穿过圆环,再由中指从下往上自然挺住,把笔杆固定在三角架中。
注意
1、笔杆放在拇指、食指和中指的三个指梢之间,食指在前,拇指在左后,中指在右下,食指应较拇指低些。手指尖应距笔尖约3厘米(约一寸)
2、笔杆与作业本保持六十度的倾斜,掌心虚圆,指关节略弯曲。笔杆勿靠于虎口处。
练字前准备
选笔
练字一般分软笔和硬笔两种。顾名思义软笔即如毛笔这样的软质笔头,而硬笔多指铅笔、钢笔、圆珠笔这类硬质笔头。我们大多数人只是希望平时能写好字,因此可以直接从硬笔开始练习,无需进行毛笔书法练习。毕竟软笔字的书写方法与硬笔字还是有些不同的。
铅笔在硬笔里笔头相较更具韧性,能体现落笔的轻重,进而更有利于字帖练字的基础——控笔技巧的掌握。而钢笔更能够体现出书法的笔锋,能做到顿笔、收笔的区别,使我们更容易掌握书法的技巧。
1、铅笔
适合儿童和初学者,有助于表现笔画粗细,练出笔锋。
2、中性笔
价廉易取,容易控制,0.7和1.0的笔芯较适合用于练习。
3、钢笔
最能表现笔画的顿挫和书写的节奏。但钢笔的出水量比普通笔大,需选择有一定厚度的纸张进行练习。
选字帖
字帖大致分为凹槽字帖和描红字帖两种。先说结论,凹槽字帖是较不推荐的。因为用凹槽字帖练字,我们只要着笔在字帖上跟着凹槽来回画就行了,令你很难掌握基础的控笔技巧,对练字的帮助就较为有限。而描红字帖一般也不太推荐使用半透明纸张进行描红,因为这样你没法仔细观察文字的结构及笔法,我们更建议直接在字帖上描红练习。
选字体
练字是一个需要耐心且需要掌握基础的练习,没有捷径可言。我们要先学会各个笔画笔顺的练习,再进行楷书练习,最后才能选你喜欢的大师字帖进行练习。因此,如果跳过基础练习,直接进行大师字体临摹,很可能练习多年也不得要领,写不出好字。
正式练字
每个年龄段的孩子有不同的写字要求。
低年级
对于低年级的孩子来说,首要的要求是把字写正确。课后的生字表中会出示要求会写字的笔画、笔顺、部首等,书写前需要认真观察,看清楚再下笔。刚开始写时,尽量仿照书中出示的楷体,一笔一画模仿写。
需要特别注意的有:
1、先看清楚笔顺再动笔写,混乱的笔顺后期很难纠正!
2、汉字在田字格中的位置要居中,大小适中,上下左右都要留出一定的位置。
3、学会观察字的结构,如上下结构、左右结构、半包围结构等,还要注意不同结构的占格,如“你”字左窄右宽,“卧”字左宽右窄。
4、学会观察重要笔画。
一个字中最长的笔画及它在田字格中的位置,如“耳”字中最长的横是第六笔,写在横中线下,从左到右微微向上倾斜。
“目”“垂”这类字中“横”较多,每横之间的距离要基本相等。
左右结构的字会出现“穿插避让”,如“林”字左边的“木”最后一笔要写成“点”。
最后一笔为“捺”时,如“八”“木”要特别注意下笔舒展,渐加力至捺脚重按笔出锋,不能写成“点”。
5、低年级时对孩子的要求应该是把字写正确、规范,而不是过于追求和字帖一样的美观,这样过高的要求可能会打击孩子写字的积极性。如果想引导孩子练出起笔、顿笔、收笔,可以利用和教材配套的字帖,其中会对每个字的笔顺、占格、笔画位置等有较为详细的指导;也可以将楷体字放大,先引导孩子观察笔画的走向、特点,再模仿练习。
中年级
在低年级把字写正确的基础上,中年级的孩子应把重点放在练习把字写端正。此时,孩子手部的精细动作得到了进一步的发展,书写更加熟练、自如,练字的关注点就可以是如何把一个字写美观,也就是更加注重练习起笔、行笔、顿笔、收笔等书写要领。主要的方法还可以延续临摹字帖,此时不建议给孩子用透明类的字帖,这样的字帖纸张过于轻薄,不便于书写;此外,离开了下面的“模子”,孩子对于汉字在田字格中的占位、书写要领等可能印象并不深刻。
中年级孩子开始尝试用钢笔练字,由铅笔到钢笔的转换,部分孩子可能不适应,而产生不愿换笔的现象。但其实一开始写不好钢笔字是正常的,正是因为如此,才更体现出练字的必要性。此时要注意,不要以圆珠笔代替钢笔,这样写字时可能更为整洁,但难以达到提升书写能力的目的。
还有一点需要提醒的是,中年级是孩子错别字的高发期,此时用钢笔书写难免产生勾画涂抹的情况,对于写错的字,应用规范的删除符号“/”划去,这样才能保证书面整洁。
高年级
等孩子到高年级,写字的关注点就从“一个字”转变为“一篇字”,在写好每个字的基础上,注意字与字之间的间隔,行与行之间的空隙,追求整篇字的美观。
还要有意识地提高写字的速度,在保证字体规范、工整的前提下,尽可能快地书写。这也是需要练习的,例如看要抄写的内容时看一句话,而不是每次只看一个词或几个字;书写时不过于追求每个字的美观;字体大小适中;保持正确的握笔姿势;平时加强识字写字练习等。
练字步骤
控笔训练
从练字的角度,把控笔练习分为三个阶段:
第一阶段:协调力控笔训练。不管细节,只找感觉,这是为了练习手腕、手指和笔之间的协调能力,纠正勾腕、攥拳等错误握笔姿势。
第二阶段:精度控笔训练。按照线条轨迹和粗细变化进行练习,切实注意起止位置,全面提升大脑对手部动作的控制能力,真正做到手笔合一。
第三阶段:美感控笔训练。按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黄金分割点,按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列,让字写得更美观。
扩展资料
首先,笔画练习不具备纠正勾腕、攥拳等错误握笔姿势的能力。有关数据统计显示,从笔画开始练字,我国少年儿童错误握笔姿势问题一直居高不下,用力过大、写字太慢、歪歪扭扭、写字太累等等,久而久之,甚至造成手指、脊椎发育出现问题。
其次,笔画练习不具备控笔元素所具有的线条轨迹和粗细变化,要做到手笔合一,对于初学练字者来说,这是难上加难,而具备这种细微笔画的拿捏能力之后,练习笔画就会变得水到渠成。一个控笔元素最多可以用在21个笔画上边,这也是练习控笔元素优于直接练习笔画的一个方面。
第三,美感训练是控笔元素具备而笔画无力能及的又一特点,经过专门的美学训练,可以非常轻松地按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黄金分割点,按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列,让字写得更美观。
基础笔画训练
运笔的基本笔法:中锋、侧锋、偏锋、起笔、行笔、收笔、藏锋、露锋、提笔、按笔、疾笔、涩笔、转与折。
美的线条当是来龙去脉交待清楚、行笔流畅自如、轻重缓急得当,呈现出美的形态与神态,充满活力,或轻或重、或缓或急、或刚或柔,归于自然。
中锋
即指中锋用笔。中锋运笔时,笔尖时刻保持在线条的中心部位,落纸后,笔尖的方向和笔运行的方向在一条直线上。中锋行笔时,笔尖在笔画中间,两边的笔毫一齐用力,墨迹向两边渗透均匀,写出来的笔画厚实、凝练。中锋在篆书、楷书、隶书中运用的特别广泛。
侧锋
侧锋又叫做偏锋,与中锋相对。侧锋用笔,笔入纸后,笔尖的方向与笔运行的方向往往呈一个角度。如写“横”时,顺锋竖入,向右下顿笔,此时笔尖朝左上方,当我们向右稍拖带时,笔的运行方向是朝右的,笔尖方向和运笔方向就有一个夹角。侧锋写出来的点画,往往一侧较厚实,一侧较单薄,这与侧锋是单侧笔毫用力有关。
“中锋取骨,侧锋取妍”,侧锋在行、草书中运用的很广。
起笔、行笔、收笔
行书的基本笔画,在书写时都有起笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。所谓起笔,就是书写笔画笔尖触纸时的下笔;行笔,就是书写笔画的中间运笔;收笔,就是笔画书写结束时的用笔。如写横画,左边起笔,中为行笔,右为收笔,起笔有轻有重,行笔有快有慢,收笔有回有露。
提笔、按笔
钢笔行书的用笔也很讲究提按,以增强笔画的粗细变化和轻重的节奏。所谓提笔,就是笔从纸面提起,笔尖触纸力度小,笔画要细;所谓按笔,就是笔尖在纸上往下按,笔尖触纸力度大,笔画要粗一些。
翻笔、折笔
翻笔,一般是向上取逆势,上一笔接下一笔出现的钩挑,如“古”字的横,“人”、“有”的撇,都是用翻笔写成的。折笔,一般是向下、向右取顺势,如“口”字的横折、"山"字的竖折,都是用折笔写成的。不论翻笔、折笔,都要求用笔慢而用力。
风格,指用锋的深浅。
使转和方圆
在书写的过程中,随点画之势运笔,带来了运腕方向上的不断变化。诸多的变化归纳起来,用“使转”二字便能概括。“纵横牵制谓之使,钩环盘纡谓之转。”(王绂《论书》)。点画的“遣送”为使,点画的“交接变向”为转。“使”皆实,“转”有虚,“转”更难。转笔作用很大,极须用意。它即是换笔,又是调笔,方法也需视情况而变。
写字口诀
小小一点要点好,学会顿笔很重要;
横要平,竖要直,撇有锋,捺有脚;
提钩要尖折有角,行笔轻快要记牢;
认真练习功夫到,笔画健美字才好。
18个基本笔画运笔示意图
一、长横
二、竖画
三、撇
四、点
五、卧钩
六、竖撇
七、竖弯钩
八、平捺
九、戈钩
十、垂露竖
十一、捺
十二、竖折
十三、竖钩
十四、提钩
十五、撇点
十六、平撇
十七、横撇
十八、横折
偏旁部首训练
汉字的偏旁部首是指各种点画的固定搭配,是汉字的结构单位,是构成汉字的基础,重复出现的频率极高,具有极为普遍的代表性。它们在汉字中的形态基本固定,并具有一定的书写规律,因此掌握偏旁部首的写法,狠抓偏旁部首,不失为一条最为有效的捷径,对学习汉字结构也是一条快捷之路。同时,偏旁部首书写的正确与否,直接关系到字形的美观,所以在学习钢笔书法的结构前,有必要先掌握汉字各种偏旁部首的正确写法。同时,掌握好一个偏旁部首,即可举一反三地运用到其他很多字当中去,可达到事半功倍的效果。
汉字的偏旁部首常用的有82种,一般归纳为:字头、字底、左偏旁、右偏旁、包围五大类。
字头
字底
左偏旁
右偏旁
包围
认识字形结构
汉字的结构对称特点,主要是指汉字的字形结构具有几何学上的对称意义,它的构形笔画或几部件以某个线(面)为轴相互折普后或平移后可以左右或上下重聲(完全重普或部分重叠),具有冗余信息或重复的视觉信息,因此而区别于其它非结构对称汉字。
根据对称的种类及层次,结构对称汉字具体可细分为以下几种情况:
1、上下部件结构对称:如吕、昌等。
2、左右部件结构对称:如比、林、非等。
3、内外部件结构对称:如回等。
4、部分部件结构对称:如以中间部件为轴对称:如辩、斑等;字形下部的部件结构对称:如丽、翁等;字形上部的部件结构对称:如丛、琶等;字形左边的部件结构对称:如彬等,字形右边的部件结构对称:如琳等。
5、部件多层重叠的结构对称:如、鑫等。
6、独体字中的结构对称:如田、中等。 据作者初步统计,在国家语言文字工作委员会汉字处编的《现代汉语通用字表》(北京:语文出版社,1989)收集的7000个通用的汉字中,上述各类结构对称的汉字达612个,占通用汉字总数的8.74%。 其教学过程及步骤如下:
第一阶段:形象地显示自然界的对称规律。 大自然中无处不存在着对称现象。因此,可采用实物、图片、幻灯以及录象等各种形象的手段,让学生了解大自然所表现的种种对称性。如雕塑、建筑、植物、动物中的对称。然后让学生到自已的周围去找各种对称的事物。如自己的身体,双耳、双眼、双鼻孔、双手、双脚的对称,从而使学生初步感知对称的美,并迁移到汉字学形结构对称的感知中来。 第二阶段:直观地识别对称的基本的独体字 汉字的字形形象而多变,但大都具有结构对称的特点。教学时,可采用直观形象的图画让学生体会汉字的结构对称的美。由幻灯或 CAI 展示实物或景象﹣展示古时的汉字﹣展示演变至今的对称汉字﹣揭示其对称的规律。如教左右对称的独体字“雨”,可首先展示雨景,让学生观察雨点方向,继而展示一个古时的“雨”字,最后展示演变至今的“雨”,引导学生了解从图到字中发现四点的方向是一致的,而如果四点的方向不一,这个字的整体对称美就不能表达出来。实际上,学生在观察和描述中已感受到这种对称美,只不过无法用“对称”这个词表达出来。有的上下左右都对称的独体字如“田、日”等除了采用以上方法,还可以让学生通过折折,剪一剪的方法来体会这种对称的规律。把纸对折再对折,画一个空心“口”字,再用剪刀剪出这个字,把这个“口”字打开来,就是“田”字。 第三阶段:分类地识别各种结构对称的合体字。
当学生初步感知对称这一概念,学会了对称的独体字后,可传授各种适合这类对称汉字的识字方法,归类识别各种对称的合体字,并逐步培养学生独立识别各类对称汉字的能力。 ①字谜法 适用于上下、左右、内外以及多层重叠对称的合体字。学生对这类字很感兴趣,可让学生编字谜,师生互猜字谜来识别。如“三火是焱,三金是鑫”等等。 ②颜色标注法 适用于部分部件对称的汉字。可用彩色粉笔标出合体中的对称部分,如下部对称的“翁”字中的“羽”,右边对称的“琳”字中的“林”等等,对于以中间部件为轴对称的字,如班,可用色标标出其中间部分。 ③儿歌分解法 同样适用于部分件对称的汉字。如“丛”一一左右两人走钢丝。 另外,当学生掌握了一定的识字方法后,还可鼓励学生新创各种合适的方法来识别各种对称的生字,激发学生字的兴趣。
规范字书写练习
购买适合自己的字贴进行练习。
1、司马彦 | 人教版课课练:字体规范、人教版教材适用(各年级都有) 。
2、金枝叶 | 小学生生字摹写本人教版课本同步练字帖:描红、临帖结合 。
3、华夏万卷 | 人教版课本同步写字课字帖:内容系统全面(各年级都有)。
4、墨点 | 衡水体高中英语字帖:衡水体 。
5、学才 | 小学生英语单元同步词汇:同步词汇 。
6、六品堂 | 凹槽行楷/楷书练字帖:凹槽+临摹。
7、金枝叶 | 儿童初学者凹槽练字帖:幼儿、凹槽。
适合的字帖
1、清晰
按照现在的印刷技术,清晰是基本没有问题的。可清晰有时候是假的。有些出版商,为了让字帖更清晰,更具有迷惑性,在制版的时候会将图片深度锐化。
2、选择高端版本
所谓的高端版本是指初版、第一版印刷的。印刷次数多了,难免会有误差。选择字帖,应该苛刻到“下真迹一等”或者尽可能靠近原作的那种。
3、选择全彩色印刷
高清全彩色印刷的字帖尽管贵一些,但你能从中捕捉和发现很多信息。诸如原作用的什么纸张,墨色深浅如何等等,好的全彩色字帖,都能看出来线条叠加的痕迹,并能分析出来用笔速度、正确的用笔方法来。
4、复制品
复制品的概念,可不能简单理解成印刷品。复制品,其实就是按照原大、原色、原样、原材质复制的,它几乎可以理解成真迹的克隆品。复制品的好处就是你几乎是在面对真迹。线条的张力,墨色,纸张的颜色,气息等等字帖所不能表现的因素,它都有。
5、字帖有标明尺寸
这个尺寸指的是作品本身的尺寸。只有有了尺寸,才会判断出来原作到底有多大,字有多大,线条有多粗,然后才会明白原作到底有多大的技术难度。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们常说“字如其人”“见字如面”,可见写一手好字的重要性。特别是在当下,越来越多的考试采用答题卡,网上阅卷,字体的清楚、整洁、美观成为取得优异成绩的首要条件。因此,在小学阶段练一手好字就显得尤为必要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYGSUw6K0GAAmeKLPmmONUc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"写字习惯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6CaigIgAM4Q8C473kBrV4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从孩子一年级学习写字开始,掌握正确的写字姿势,养成良好的写字习惯,才有助于孩子的身体发育,视力保护,同时这也是在为中高年级孩子较为轻松地提升写字速度做准备。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUo2uCwkEYcY0yLzLzhFGPP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna08MkIgEYWysYHcm33HH8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"孩子的坐姿是家长最容易关注的点,要求做到:头正、肩平、身直、足。其中“足安”可能会被大家忽略,那就是双脚自然平放在地上,全脚掌着地,双腿分开约与肩同宽,此时孩子的整个坐姿才是稳定的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuKaaeGSwYqqqEdu3mtZFxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时还要做到“一拳一尺一寸”,也就是身体距桌子一拳,眼睛离课本一尺(约33厘米),握笔手指离笔尖约一寸(约3.3厘米),不含胸驼背。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQGOGmGceaQiU1Lj1VXV9rj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐端正后,还可以提醒孩子将写字的书本放在书桌正前方的中央,摆正后再来书写,避免歪歪斜斜地摆放。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKIYIGIAuu0ew0033YFdlvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在孩子学习写字的初期,家长可以利用儿歌、口诀多加督促提醒,帮助孩子有意识地养成良好的坐姿习惯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniwoWuug46SY0KixxgO3nne"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":337,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/da0be8e32aaf4ec8b7ab135789bffdc2","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnOomI2cMoKsoOeSed5HIHJb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSsCmyCOIE4oucDue7PQ24d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势和坐姿要从小抓起。儿童肌肉的发育是不平衡的,做精细动作的能力较差,握笔写字是比较费劲的。家长要耐心指导,帮助孩子掌握正确的握笔方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnumMWKqIUuUsySoqEXpcGWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首先将大拇指和食指伸出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKcuQGWIOyaIA0Is7b0bC0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、俩指轻合成圆环状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnquoCoAEGYQgM2hAslEH5Wh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、笔杆穿过圆环,再由中指从下往上自然挺住,把笔杆固定在三角架中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncomCkWUgYmm2aSMJTO8xve"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":338,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/40ea0baa53394179a47f409e4bcaba4f","width":450},"text":"","id":"doxcnIEyu0ygkyyakshk7baK7oc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" 注意","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6wOCwk6KAOoYqYd0we3pIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、笔杆放在拇指、食指和中指的三个指梢之间,食指在前,拇指在左后,中指在右下,食指应较拇指低些。手指尖应距笔尖约3厘米(约一寸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsaOkquAwiKOmakdQkW88Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、笔杆与作业本保持六十度的倾斜,掌心虚圆,指关节略弯曲。笔杆勿靠于虎口处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4yEUM48aOYWspPYl5HUBb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字前准备","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYa2IUeQCWWiSqy0TFL163d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna0mikOyeSWSmwx8jTzjFtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字一般分软笔和硬笔两种。顾名思义软笔即如毛笔这样的软质笔头,而硬笔多指铅笔、钢笔、圆珠笔这类硬质笔头。我们大多数人只是希望平时能写好字,因此可以直接从硬笔开始练习,无需进行毛笔书法练习。毕竟软笔字的书写方法与硬笔字还是有些不同的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW0osQ4288OwYotIKVoCmph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"铅笔在硬笔里笔头相较更具韧性,能体现落笔的轻重,进而更有利于字帖练字的基础——控笔技巧的掌握。而钢笔更能够体现出书法的笔锋,能做到顿笔、收笔的区别,使我们更容易掌握书法的技巧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkUA20K4CYQSGMHJ2p1tcWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、铅笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAWUumGSui20Q4JvZmOHv2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"适合儿童和初学者,有助于表现笔画粗细,练出笔锋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnso2UaOsWgCG8dMK96DWOK6"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":201,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4a2ee06490d1480fa4e9e29cae7fa668","width":377},"text":"","id":"doxcnMQeUC6ymCy4OKwsXCTZvxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、中性笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAmqYaWcUm0caGOIBGwBZhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"价廉易取,容易控制,0.7和1.0的笔芯较适合用于练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOsE4koe2y2YMoFwXH2rr2d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":297,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6eca07bb4b0c4978a6c7641acab86a98","width":335},"text":"","id":"doxcnaA08C8QUYkIIIpPPXQP8Tf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、钢笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmeg8UG06CqsguQol2jET7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最能表现笔画的顿挫和书写的节奏。但钢笔的出水量比普通笔大,需选择有一定厚度的纸张进行练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkSMsousI6Kgk0ubl7gkfTd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6cef259df9264645830aeebd3fde9f9d","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcnM4c0mw0g4OYgSMJRTSUX8b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmigIkqCWuGSamwq0oZQaFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖大致分为凹槽字帖和描红字帖两种。先说结论,凹槽字帖是较不推荐的。因为用凹槽字帖练字,我们只要着笔在字帖上跟着凹槽来回画就行了,令你很难掌握基础的控笔技巧,对练字的帮助就较为有限。而描红字帖一般也不太推荐使用半透明纸张进行描红,因为这样你没法仔细观察文字的结构及笔法,我们更建议直接在字帖上描红练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniawgc6moE8SgorYcMFuhmb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":383,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/42f777a6210f4397b3b764adf4a4385f","width":440},"text":"","id":"doxcnisYYYg44ssuyYvwSPIOUMg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选字体","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuQmq0QiQqmSyiq1EKkneJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字是一个需要耐心且需要掌握基础的练习,没有捷径可言。我们要先学会各个笔画笔顺的练习,再进行楷书练习,最后才能选你喜欢的大师字帖进行练习。因此,如果跳过基础练习,直接进行大师字体临摹,很可能练习多年也不得要领,写不出好字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni0EUGYMoSOkecNYrR1ArFb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":407,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选字体","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e7e6d807f5c14347893361b24dfc8ab6","width":304},"text":"","id":"doxcn44UwooIImcyqQtjtGUeXeg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"正式练字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOCaYoIui4YY2a0AN7E9pXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每个年龄段的孩子有不同的写字要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugE6IiiQSEUC416F5qlgrh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"低年级","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8kAa48musqYKwrbVRh1HTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于低年级的孩子来说,首要的要求是把字写正确。课后的生字表中会出示要求会写字的笔画、笔顺、部首等,书写前需要认真观察,看清楚再下笔。刚开始写时,尽量仿照书中出示的楷体,一笔一画模仿写。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngeEcKqmiUAYYGCKuKNk6kc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"需要特别注意的有:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAiogUSieK84eQhxZqjXple"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、先看清楚笔顺再动笔写,混乱的笔顺后期很难纠正!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny466KKKCYCGYKetveQadHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、汉字在田字格中的位置要居中,大小适中,上下左右都要留出一定的位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngEQyWsqoWueIcpPn5kUN4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"学会观察字的结构,如上下结构、左右结构、半包围结构等,还要注意不同结构的占格,如“你”字左窄右宽,“卧”字左宽右窄。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAaY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{"type":"text","text":"第一阶段:协调力控笔训练。不管细节,只找感觉,这是为了练习手腕、手指和笔之间的协调能力,纠正勾腕、攥拳等错误握笔姿势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnScumSaSQc8I2cbLhMEjYS5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二阶段:精度控笔训练。按照线条轨迹和粗细变化进行练习,切实注意起止位置,全面提升大脑对手部动作的控制能力,真正做到手笔合一。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnykaieqqIm22kmMGcZ8TQ9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三阶段:美感控笔训练。按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黄金分割点,按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列,让字写得更美观。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQgsiOgu8cUE6wQftgx81hb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"扩展资料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuEW2CGGGY8KwsJrmam4Z1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先,笔画练习不具备纠正勾腕、攥拳等错误握笔姿势的能力。有关数据统计显示,从笔画开始练字,我国少年儿童错误握笔姿势问题一直居高不下,用力过大、写字太慢、歪歪扭扭、写字太累等等,久而久之,甚至造成手指、脊椎发育出现问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUS2I6YYOKQc7ppj1vnCF9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其次,笔画练习不具备控笔元素所具有的线条轨迹和粗细变化,要做到手笔合一,对于初学练字者来说,这是难上加难,而具备这种细微笔画的拿捏能力之后,练习笔画就会变得水到渠成。一个控笔元素最多可以用在21个笔画上边,这也是练习控笔元素优于直接练习笔画的一个方面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOiO0Uiw8qUYUUh2bSCmCHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三,美感训练是控笔元素具备而笔画无力能及的又一特点,经过专门的美学训练,可以非常轻松地按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黄金分割点,按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列,让字写得更美观。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn68I8WWSuOueCiMlTz6kiBb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基础笔画训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGsmQqqAQGAISCoqdn1EvSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"运笔的基本笔法:中锋、侧锋、偏锋、起笔、行笔、收笔、藏锋、露锋、提笔、按笔、疾笔、涩笔、转与折。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWCOMiuWSoUg2KuTvzxHZxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美的线条当是来龙去脉交待清楚、行笔流畅自如、轻重缓急得当,呈现出美的形态与神态,充满活力,或轻或重、或缓或急、或刚或柔,归于自然。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwu0qo4QwSMuImmlMIbXNCb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中锋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsCYSgwSaMqUiy6IVl9H3Bc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"即指中锋用笔。中锋运笔时,笔尖时刻保持在线条的中心部位,落纸后,笔尖的方向和笔运行的方向在一条直线上。中锋行笔时,笔尖在笔画中间,两边的笔毫一齐用力,墨迹向两边渗透均匀,写出来的笔画厚实、凝练。中锋在篆书、楷书、隶书中运用的特别广泛。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneUYeeCi6a0SiqWBtkhbRxc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧锋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyIuykMO8iAMkWzi34ISNhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧锋又叫做偏锋,与中锋相对。侧锋用笔,笔入纸后,笔尖的方向与笔运行的方向往往呈一个角度。如写“横”时,顺锋竖入,向右下顿笔,此时笔尖朝左上方,当我们向右稍拖带时,笔的运行方向是朝右的,笔尖方向和运笔方向就有一个夹角。侧锋写出来的点画,往往一侧较厚实,一侧较单薄,这与侧锋是单侧笔毫用力有关。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaQcMMwiGEqS0kre8o9Pted"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“中锋取骨,侧锋取妍”,侧锋在行、草书中运用的很广。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsQIMIyemC0O8MpOfQGOUqf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"起笔、行笔、收笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsEQIaSqwU8iicX9ytmvwXb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的基本笔画,在书写时都有起笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。所谓起笔,就是书写笔画笔尖触纸时的下笔;行笔,就是书写笔画的中间运笔;收笔,就是笔画书写结束时的用笔。如写横画,左边起笔,中为行笔,右为收笔,起笔有轻有重,行笔有快有慢,收笔有回有露。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCASE2aoyc8YCKhjfUc3Jd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提笔、按笔 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniOWuiskk4Oek8hwdJEJrNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔行书的用笔也很讲究提按,以增强笔画的粗细变化和轻重的节奏。所谓提笔,就是笔从纸面提起,笔尖触纸力度小,笔画要细;所谓按笔,就是笔尖在纸上往下按,笔尖触纸力度大,笔画要粗一些。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnawAukQQSKk68cFRQcBDmee"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔、折笔 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna4Qi46YII0Mw8PdAqUCgte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔,一般是向上取逆势,上一笔接下一笔出现的钩挑,如“古”字的横,“人”、“有”的撇,都是用翻笔写成的。折笔,一般是向下、向右取顺势,如“口”字的横折、\"山\"字的竖折,都是用折笔写成的。不论翻笔、折笔,都要求用笔慢而用力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6OoQuMo44QoocV7fMpbnmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"风格,指用锋的深浅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0sAqCwYqqgegWS6GCV7Y2g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"使转和方圆 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4gUWiSMAEesQC07vayZWlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在书写的过程中,随点画之势运笔,带来了运腕方向上的不断变化。诸多的变化归纳起来,用“使转”二字便能概括。“纵横牵制谓之使,钩环盘纡谓之转。”(王绂《论书》)。点画的“遣送”为使,点画的“交接变向”为转。“使”皆实,“转”有虚,“转”更难。转笔作用很大,极须用意。它即是换笔,又是调笔,方法也需视情况而变。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK2ACiiaOKqmYmaHvNHikCd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWaukGqCGS26gKOTlhW9rJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小小一点要点好,学会顿笔很重要;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSgEOsmc4AEeGGsXifw8d9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"横要平,竖要直,撇有锋,捺有脚;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQC6sg8UgIUauGADpgOa1Od"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"提钩要尖折有角,行笔轻快要记牢;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM4WA8CKkGeuuIbQ3EHh5ch"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"认真练习功夫到,笔画健美字才好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKC4MuKOWEWE0wr5jdfeGih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"18个基本笔画运笔示意图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkOUUo2iQ0yOUpIDcwJKGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、长横","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng6gaaqa846CqaewLCFOKre"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":411,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/21fd95c3ce7e47718003a533aa8ac251","width":475},"text":"","id":"doxcnqQ6Y42IsSuEoOo7aZSnHUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、竖画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOqAK6i4286MOi6DlK7gKSf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":396,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6cec30bac1c74c779a94ac516816bd9f","width":498},"text":"","id":"doxcnk0e8gMs8MI6us1uJTtb3Fg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn22yswookeokESiNVl00Tkd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":402,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/98ac21736f5745499b1b64b4f40b1322","width":441},"text":"","id":"doxcna262kqIaQ4iC0KpjpMnRrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK4aaKqsYYQ2WO2z2vtZRkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2YI6QsKsYEEgMnlnnuy42e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":399,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b53798eca6344b61a0566084ab985059","width":552},"text":"","id":"doxcnceCIMCEU4musp1Tk2B7fEX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKkuKmYAYwAaU2TlhKDBFUh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、卧钩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmWMcumuiCyOeOWCNwRHOvd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9781ff91f8f6414091b740f4fcaaed1c","width":507},"text":"","id":"doxcnUCqk8gaqAIoshJ4Zfdortw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"六、竖撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmqC2KSYOo26WwxYoqxMdtg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":487,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f5892b20b8e041318bd0afa228b21876","width":567},"text":"","id":"doxcnwOkoSag4EEOk8dsczFAz2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"七、竖弯钩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIaoK0KscSk040UEM6FRR4f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":440,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9e3a2000f54843cc87e499a98ca71d0e","width":589},"text":"","id":"doxcn8ySEmk0SOGiGqmmPDDXrtl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"八、平捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni46GQI28aEsGCKtaVsb6ld"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":389,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/715abe136b4f4159844bb2799eb48dfe","width":573},"text":"","id":"doxcnYWoggUy6864Y4EDv3qomVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"九、戈钩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUkY664Gs4uSAakTISbCqUd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":530,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/81108067aeb44b28867b2ed98bcbdc81","width":583},"text":"","id":"doxcnQa4e2eueEOc8QFB57L0xDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十、垂露竖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny0asqeqekGmOOSJ1cqBjIb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f56a14e90f9f4877a8bdde84c949b6d5","width":565},"text":"","id":"doxcnmms08wK4G0QiGyyi5z04ng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十一、捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny8ssM8aoQUQaMzvBvKawRb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"he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字头","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSG0MmAy6Y6q4COqC7gYflb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":204,"note":[{"type":"text","text":" 字头","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/01e2db40252e4cb186a36a130f606fbf","width":542},"text":"","id":"doxcn8Guq8gCSaIwikBwrM4Wa3m"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字底","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnESqUCWEG0YgyK58XSWFicR"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":238,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"字底","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1450781ac3b74636b55dec3e9c161cd1","width":538},"text":"","id":"doxcnUaIwiWYO8Go0APqhD2X6qg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"左偏旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0okWIamCukY2K4gMCZsRHc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":321,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"左偏旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d881835be71747d0926906d6b12d173a","width":530},"text":"","id":"doxcngAimWYk20cog00pjwka9sd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"右偏旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4EoQWowKeUKwMvxaNT2prd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":212,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"右偏旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/58dbaf9e34a74e53be3bae55277ffe31","width":508},"text":"","id":"doxcnmSwyu4k4IMOAEDbDdqRJQf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"包围","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCqAIaUEK4mWaI9YifgkP1f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":294,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"包围","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7f42005e2b1d4a6b8f5cf238614a9e57","width":544},"text":"","id":"doxcnCEM6wag4SyQwPTbv6cjoJB"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识字形结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiwkcyKIIE2WG8WU0HxJwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"汉字的结构对称特点,主要是指汉字的字形结构具有几何学上的对称意义,它的构形笔画或几部件以某个线(面)为轴相互折普后或平移后可以左右或上下重聲(完全重普或部分重叠),具有冗余信息或重复的视觉信息,因此而区别于其它非结构对称汉字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2uuOWsI4EGWUuOhz6ObFvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据对称的种类及层次,结构对称汉字具体可细分为以下几种情况:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncYUk4c0GcQIeOC2lbs0i0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、上下部件结构对称:如吕、昌等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkgIOkSuMeqwwQj6Jwhnz4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、左右部件结构对称:如比、林、非等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA6e62sKWUCiUUJcJcqpQ9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、内外部件结构对称:如回等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns8uWkyUCoAmi27hTDw5Tcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、部分部件结构对称:如以中间部件为轴对称:如辩、斑等;字形下部的部件结构对称:如丽、翁等;字形上部的部件结构对称:如丛、琶等;字形左边的部件结构对称:如彬等,字形右边的部件结构对称:如琳等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEAYgEAU606oAMnBJpJW3qf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、部件多层重叠的结构对称:如、鑫等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniaKeUGIkq0a8IpVYnPPUBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、独体字中的结构对称:如田、中等。\\n据作者初步统计,在国家语言文字工作委员会汉字处编的《现代汉语通用字表》(北京:语文出版社,1989)收集的7000个通用的汉字中,上述各类结构对称的汉字达612个,占通用汉字总数的8.74%。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"其教学过程及步骤如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncOsIUey4Em6aAxFxlJVXJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一阶段:形象地显示自然界的对称规律。\\n大自然中无处不存在着对称现象。因此,可采用实物、图片、幻灯以及录象等各种形象的手段,让学生了解大自然所表现的种种对称性。如雕塑、建筑、植物、动物中的对称。然后让学生到自已的周围去找各种对称的事物。如自己的身体,双耳、双眼、双鼻孔、双手、双脚的对称,从而使学生初步感知对称的美,并迁移到汉字学形结构对称的感知中来。\\n第二阶段:直观地识别对称的基本的独体字\\n汉字的字形形象而多变,但大都具有结构对称的特点。教学时,可采用直观形象的图画让学生体会汉字的结构对称的美。由幻灯或 CAI 展示实物或景象﹣展示古时的汉字﹣展示演变至今的对称汉字﹣揭示其对称的规律。如教左右对称的独体字“雨”,可首先展示雨景,让学生观察雨点方向,继而展示一个古时的“雨”字,最后展示演变至今的“雨”,引导学生了解从图到字中发现四点的方向是一致的,而如果四点的方向不一,这个字的整体对称美就不能表达出来。实际上,学生在观察和描述中已感受到这种对称美,只不过无法用“对称”这个词表达出来。有的上下左右都对称的独体字如“田、日”等除了采用以上方法,还可以让学生通过折折,剪一剪的方法来体会这种对称的规律。把纸对折再对折,画一个空心“口”字,再用剪刀剪出这个字,把这个“口”字打开来,就是“田”字。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第三阶段:分类地识别各种结构对称的合体字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGQooykMiOKO8e24T9CoJ1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当学生初步感知对称这一概念,学会了对称的独体字后,可传授各种适合这类对称汉字的识字方法,归类识别各种对称的合体字,并逐步培养学生独立识别各类对称汉字的能力。\\n①字谜法\\n适用于上下、左右、内外以及多层重叠对称的合体字。学生对这类字很感兴趣,可让学生编字谜,师生互猜字谜来识别。如“三火是焱,三金是鑫”等等。\\n②颜色标注法\\n适用于部分部件对称的汉字。可用彩色粉笔标出合体中的对称部分,如下部对称的“翁”字中的“羽”,右边对称的“琳”字中的“林”等等,对于以中间部件为轴对称的字,如班,可用色标标出其中间部分。\\n③儿歌分解法\\n同样适用于部分件对称的汉字。如“丛”一一左右两人走钢丝。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"另外,当学生掌握了一定的识字方法后,还可鼓励学生新创各种合适的方法来识别各种对称的生字,激发学生字的兴趣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW2wW4ekqqg0k4I5erDaOZd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"规范字书写练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQSoi62qaqcqKETbVuo7DKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"购买适合自己的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"字贴","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"进行练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmGsAIgaW4KMIAvAT02qNnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、司马彦 | 人教版课课练:字体规范、人教版教材适用(各年级都有) 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnagCQGK4sg8eG0Sny0Qf3Fb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、金枝叶 | 小学生生字摹写本人教版课本同步练字帖:描红、临帖结合 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEYA8QK0QSksE4W4LgUV6Td"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、华夏万卷 | 人教版课本同步写字课字帖:内容系统全面(各年级都有)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns2IGo2yWUUCEUXF7cpsH8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 4、墨点 | 衡水体高中英语字帖:衡水体 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaUegKse6iYmEEF6zFqXSrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、学才 | 小学生英语单元同步词汇:同步词汇 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng8uesMou8YyYKo0cpoTzce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、六品堂 | 凹槽行楷/楷书练字帖:凹槽+临摹。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnksOKKkW2OSqwELVsHfHjig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、金枝叶 | 儿童初学者凹槽练字帖:幼儿、凹槽。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGIyOsg8CwuM8AT8yfHAERh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"适合的字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIAacyyEQ0icaS43XlEMTjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、清晰","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE6w8OSC6QquAAbCTfY7VYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"按照现在的印刷技术,清晰是基本没有问题的。可清晰有时候是假的。有些出版商,为了让字帖更清晰,更具有迷惑性,在制版的时候会将图片深度锐化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuOcGEyAM4qigUbD8yrG8Vh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、选择高端版本","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqE0YYgSWy4COC2zuiBkCkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓的高端版本是指初版、第一版印刷的。印刷次数多了,难免会有误差。选择字帖,应该苛刻到“下真迹一等”或者尽可能靠近原作的那种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOUUmgYqoa2iaidNaKeBrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、选择全彩色印刷","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm6k6qECsGM4gisaohkg4kb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高清全彩色印刷的字帖尽管贵一些,但你能从中捕捉和发现很多信息。诸如原作用的什么纸张,墨色深浅如何等等,好的全彩色字帖,都能看出来线条叠加的痕迹,并能分析出来用笔速度、正确的用笔方法来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMuIWewGioQsA4hTgmUqB9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、复制品","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneYow4u4uSYoeQrM2TOVnie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"复制品的概念,可不能简单理解成印刷品。复制品,其实就是按照原大、原色、原样、原材质复制的,它几乎可以理解成真迹的克隆品。复制品的好处就是你几乎是在面对真迹。线条的张力,墨色,纸张的颜色,气息等等字帖所不能表现的因素,它都有。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6qAWyuyY0U6Kk844s91Ku1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、字帖有标明尺寸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCIMAyMkWqOCsAzUWphtQ4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个尺寸指的是作品本身的尺寸。只有有了尺寸,才会判断出来原作到底有多大,字有多大,线条有多粗,然后才会明白原作到底有多大的技术难度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW2yMs0gIUWCOyW36xeqsmK"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E