工业温湿度计(工业温湿度计LX932使用)

1. 工业温湿度计LX932使用

初学者学好唱歌重在打好基本功，初学者只要把这些基本功打扎实了，那么就等于拿到了开启歌唱之门的金钥匙。

唱歌入门

学习唱歌先要学会唱歌的基本功，唱歌的基本功包括：唱歌的姿势、唱歌的呼吸、唱歌的共鸣、唱歌的发声、唱歌的真声假声、唱歌的吐字。

唱歌姿势

头部伸直，面部和颈部肌肉放松，下巴微收。挺直胸部，放松肩膀、手臂和手。肩膀向下和向后伸展，有助于胸部扩张。背部的脊椎骨始终要有向上、下两端延伸的感觉，即脊椎要立起来。双脚自然地分开，或前后站立，有一种向上的成就感。整个人都处于积极和放松的状态。

呼吸方式

歌唱呼吸是在自然呼吸的基础上进行的一种可控的呼吸运动，它的目的不仅是为了获得在大量空气中呼吸的能力，而且是为了以一种有意识的控制力量呼出空气，从而保证声音的流畅和统一。胸部和腹部呼吸从美声唱法中借用，在美声唱法中横膈膜和肋骨结合呼吸。

当吸入时，隔膜下降，肋骨扩展到周围，气体吸入丹田(就在肚脐下两指的位置)。它是根据生理机能的规律，帮助脊柱的两根支柱的伸展，更充分的吸气，和歌唱状态可以协调，得到全身的歌唱效果。需要快速吸气，外部动作小，动作平稳轻盈，不要吸入太深。

通俗的说，呼吸的时候采用的是腹式呼吸法，就是我们睡着的时候自然呼吸的方法。

我们可以先平躺在床上找找呼吸的感觉，把手放在腹部，吸气的时候嘴巴闭上，用鼻子呼吸，使劲吸入身体里面，直到感觉到腹部突起。

吐气的时候，肚子用力，顺势推出气体，可以感觉的腹部凹陷下去。

大家练习的时候可以尝试使用这个方法，非常简单，先躺着找找感觉。

共鸣方式

口腔共鸣

口腔自然地打开，面带微笑，下额自然放下，上腭有上提的感觉。这种共鸣效果明亮、靠前，易于和头腔取得联系，并可减少喉咽部的负担，进而起到保护声带的作用。(点在硬腭前部)

在唱中音区的时候，如果能合理的使用口腔共鸣，那么就可以让我们的音色听上去更加有质感，但没有做过声乐练习的朋友，腔体共鸣处于未开发的状态，很难找到共鸣的感觉，所以今天为大家分享一下练习口腔共鸣的一些技巧：

1、学习口腔共鸣的第一步，自然就是先彻底的打开口腔。我们可以先深吸一口气，然后非常自然的打一个哈欠，必须是自然的打哈欠，不能是刻意而为之。这个时候我们口腔的状态就是处于完全打开的状态，所以说唱歌的时候如果能保持打哈欠时的状态，就非常有利于我们唱歌的。

2、在我们打哈欠的时候可以发一个“啊”声，这个时候大家会感觉到自己的声音比较浑厚，而且不费嗓子，声音和平时也完全不一样，这就是因为我们口腔的容积变大了。声音在口腔内部折射而发生了共振，音色听上去就会有非常大的变化，听上去非常有质感。

口腔共鸣视频教程：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1xm4y1Q7sp/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

头腔共鸣

在口腔共鸣的基础上，把声波在硬腭的集中反射点稍向后移动一些，软腭也随之上抬，让口、鼻、咽腔之间的通道和空间更宽些，犹如打哈欠或打喷嚏的准备动作，使声波能沿着上腭骨传送到鼻咽腔、鼻腔和头腔各窦处。这种共鸣效果清脆、丰满。但要注意防止气息直接从鼻腔里送出，造成鼻音。(点在硬腭后部，即软腭小舌头上)

一、注意口型，上腭一定是开的，嘴里像含个鸡蛋。声音出来的时候气往下走，是存到丹田里的。声音往上走，用气息把声音托出来。（好像声音顶着上颚，能感觉的气息在往上冲。）声音上气息下，整个就像一条线从头腔中出来，这样的声音走得稳且亮。口自然闭开、牙齿微微松开、气往鼻子后面的前硬腭猛冲，同时用真声发出这个“哼”字。方法同上，只是气从鼻腔往额头方向冲，这一步比较难，要花较长时间，眉心处可能才会有振动。

以下各步练习，方法如一。

二、气冲的位置往口腔移一下。

三、气冲的位置在口腔中间硬口盖部位。

四、气往口腔后斜上方冲。

五、气往后咽壁部位冲。

头腔共鸣视频教程：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Hz4y1Q7Xv/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

鼻腔共鸣

鼻腔共鸣是指将声音集中在人的鼻腔内，闭上嘴之后发出的一种声音，这样声音比较细，而且非常的明亮，随着重心后移声音就像美声的音色一样。有些歌手在唱歌时经常会使用到鼻腔共鸣的方法，比如说吴青峰鼻腔共鸣使用的就比较多。

鼻腔共鸣练习方法

鼻腔共鸣练习要多做“哼”的练习，多练习哼唱，打开喉咙，调整好气息。将声音分成两部分分别输送到口腔和鼻腔里面，这种哼唱的感觉是对的，这个时候鼻腔和头部会有一种隐隐的麻木感，这样带出的声音会更加顺畅。

鼻腔共鸣视频教程：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV19i4y1M7Rt/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

胸腔共鸣

胸腔共鸣指肺部及所在腔体的共鸣，歌唱发声时，上胸部放松，保持气息通畅。把上胸部当共鸣腔体来用。胸腔以吸气的感觉，松弛地扩张，而不要强制用力撑开。打开胸腔吸着唱，是获得良好胸腔共鸣的方法。要注意防止声音故意下压，咽喉肌肉紧张，造成喉音。

1.体会胸腔共鸣：微微张开嘴巴，放松喉头，闭合声门(声带)，象金鱼吐泡泡一样轻轻地发声，或低低的哼唱，体会胸腔的震动。

2.降低喉头的位置：(同上)；喉部放松。

3.打牙关：所谓打牙关，就是打开上下大牙齿(槽牙)。给口腔共鸣留出空间，用手去摸摸耳根前大牙的位置，看看是否打开了。然后发出一些元音，如“a”。感觉感觉自己声音的变化。

4.提颧肌：微笑着说话，嘴角微微向上翘，同时感觉鼻翼张开了。

5.挺软腭：打一个哈欠，顺便长啸一声。

胸腔共鸣练习方法：

1）喉头放松练习。微张开嘴巴,放松喉头,像金鱼吐泡泡一样轻轻地发声或低低的哼唱,体会胸腔的震动。

2）靠墙练习。靠墙可以接触你的后脊梁，让你更容易感觉到气息沿后背向前走的走向，并且胸腔的共鸣能和墙产生共振，让你更容易找到胸腔共鸣的感觉。

3）练习时想象自己的声音是竖立的、圆润饱满的。闭上嘴巴，发出“嗯”的音，有感情的将“嗯”拉长一点，会感觉头和胸前在震动。

4）选择带有浓厚胸声的母音练习。一般发欧、哞、嗨等母音，容易找到胸腔共鸣的感觉，发声时咽喉腔尽量找“半打哈欠”的感觉，让声音在气管和喉头周围自然振动后，通过气管后传至胸腔，产生良好的胸腔共鸣。在此过程中，气息要均匀地流动，柔和地冲击声带，切忌为寻找宽厚的共鸣声音而压着喉头唱，这样会出现喉音出现。

5）用较低的声音发ha音，声音不要过亮，这时的声音是浑厚的，感觉是从胸腔发声的，如感觉不明显可以逐渐降低音高，也可以用手轻按胸部，用a做练习音从高到低，从实声到虚声发长音，体会哪一段声音上胸腔震动强烈，然后在这一段声音做胸腔共鸣练习。

胸腔共鸣视频教程：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1s64y1t77n/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

发声方式

歌唱的发声是由呼吸、声带地振动、共鸣三个环节构成。当我们掌握了正确的呼吸方法使得声带科学地振动以及身体的共鸣腔体打开并协调配合的前提下，就形成了一个科学的歌唱发声方式。

正确的发声要与正确的咬字、吐字相结合。通过字、声结合的练习来提高唇、齿、舌的灵活运动能力，使之更完美而生动地表现歌曲和情感和内容。

真声

如果唱歌的时候声带全部振动,就是在用真声在唱歌，真声的音色明亮、饱满。其发声状态为：发声时声带拉紧，明显感觉到声带整体振动。

真声发出的声音刚劲有力、明亮结实，与人平时讲话的音质比较接近。

假声

假声的音色带有特殊矫揉造作的声音。其发声状态为：发声时声带振动相对放松、声带张力不强，中低声区的声音不够结实。如果高音用纯假声，就会使得音色单调、失去“个性”、无表现力。

假声发声方法：

要唱假音，首先张开口，注意要上下张开，不是左右。

提手指放在耳朵前面，如开口正确，牙关会打开，舌头放平，舌尖掂住下要的牙。再配合肚子收缩吐气，用力把气推出，就会好容易唱到高音。

小技巧：学猫叫“喵~~”

“喵~~”模仿猫叫会不自觉用上假声。有别于讲话的发声，被动获得头腔共鸣。非常简单，只要发出喵，就能获得共鸣，同时轻松的发出假声的音量。

真声视频教程：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Uy4y1a7YN/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

假声视频教程：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1FV4y1M74U/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

发声练习方法

练习发声时需要用到各种共鸣方式，这样发出来的声音会比较有穿透力，也会更好听。

练习的时候需要采用腹式呼吸法，这样气息才会比较浑厚。

1、可以学习狗喘气，学习猫叫“喵”，还可以模仿其他动物的声音或者是汽车鸣笛音。

2、可以对着地面唱歌，把脸冲着地面，这样可以练习腹部发声。

3、口中发出“啊···”用手拍打嘴唇，练习打嘴唇，使嘴唇颤动，打完嘴唇会麻的。

4、感受共鸣音，可以发单音节音，练习“哼~”、“恩~”、“呜~”这种声音。

气息练习

在练习前需要确保鼻腔的洁净，这样便于发声。

1、练习气息的时候要紧闭嘴巴，用鼻子吸气，使气体深入到腹部，吸气过程中不能高抬肩膀。

2、不使用鼻子吸气，用嘴呼吸，如果发出呼噜声，就是用对了方法。

3、鼻子和嘴巴同时吸气，发声前先吸一口气，发出“呜~”，感觉声音是从肚子发出的。

4、如果感到气息不足，可以适当锻炼肺活量，比如说跑步、游泳。

小技巧：发声的时候用手按压腹部，发声的同时感受腹部发力，向内收缩，这样更容易找到感觉。

保持气息的简单办法：

第一步，控制气息的流量，其实每个人都会控制流量，比如说，我让你随便吹一口气，然后再让你小一点吹一口，你不用想，直接就做到了对么？我们首先要保证吸气放松自然，气息到横膈膜然后保持住（前面说的基础内容），继续做一个小一点的吹气，10-20秒内都可以，尽量稳定一些。

应用：当我们可以维持10-20秒后，尝试放松吸气，保持横膈然后用同样小一些的气量进行演唱，你会发现原本不好唱的部分变得简单了一些。这只是一个开端。

第二步，气带声方法，当你做完了第一步，你至少可以用小气量吹10-20秒的气了，这个时候我们该加入声带了。如何加入声带呢？我们继续放松吸气，保持横膈，然后小气量吹气，吹气两秒后，我们开始用小音量发一个WU。

发声练习、唱歌气息练习、唱歌正确发音视频教程：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dx411y7o9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

发声练习曲

气息练习和发声练习是可以相结合起来的，因此我们可以练习一些专门的曲子，来进行发声练习。

单音节发声：

简单的歌曲：

吐字方式

歌唱对于吐字的要求是做到字正腔圆、吐字清晰、发音准确。要掌握好这些，首先要学好普通话的发音，从普通话开始好好练习。我们在咬字的过程中也不要咬的过于死板，要使得声音线条具有连贯性，中国的语言是由声母和韵母组成，子音和母音的发声部位是不同的，子音的发声位置大多在口腔前半部分，母音的发声位置大多在口腔后半部分，在吐字的过程中要保持在各个声区发声位置的一致性，就需要保持任何母音形成部位的一致性，根据咬字的需要积极灵活地调整，把母音转换时夹在期间的子音所形成的断裂减少到最低限度，这样才能使声音达到连贯动听的效果。

练习吐字的技巧：

1、读“啊”字

从低音开始发，音调一阶阶往上升，一直到自己发音的极限，再一阶阶往下落，直到最低音。用不同的字做发音练习，比如“嘿、哈、呵”等等。

2、练习字母发音

回归小学时代，去学习思考一下字母的发音，“a”要怎么读，嘴型什么样，从嘴里哪个部位发音，应该重读还是轻读，“b”呢、“c”呢？很多时候我们觉得说话模糊不清，一部分原因就是因为字母的发音抓的不标准，不妨花点时间思考练习一下，一定会大有进步。

3、速读 选一篇文章速读，不要求对其中的标点和情感加以关注和修饰，以最快的速度读完，但每个字必须读的清楚。过程中准备一个录音，读完后听一下哪些字词发音比较模糊，下一次练习中加以注意。

4、“嚼”石子

找一颗干净光滑的石头，朗读时含在嘴巴里，尽自己最大努力把字说清楚，在练习时吐字会很别扭，舌头也容易累，没关系，坚持一段时间，你会发现自己的吐字渐渐变得清晰起来。

5、模仿

可以去网上找一些专业的朗读音频，或跟着电视、广播中的主持人进行模仿。一定要选那些发音正确，吐字清晰的导播，学习他们的发音，吐字，词句间的停顿，情感的抒发...久而久之，自己的说话也会大有进步。

6、正音练习

所谓正音练习，就是根据普通话的读音标准，校正自己的地方音和习惯音。正音练习包括很多内容，主要有：平舌音和翘舌音练习，鼻音和边音练习，送气音和不送气音练习，前鼻音和后鼻音练习，等等。下面着重介绍一下其中平舌音和翘舌音练习。因为不少人，尤其是南方人，在平舌音和翘舌音的区分和发音方面，常常弄不清楚，发音不准。问题主要出在z、zh不分，c、ch不分，s、sh不分。

7、绕口令练习

选择一些绕口令，分清平翘舌音，由慢到快反复练习。

音准

唱歌的时候音准是比较重要的，找音准可以通过练声、练耳的方式做到这一点。唱歌前开嗓，声音打开后，再唱。

开嗓：

唱歌前需要开嗓，我们可以进行一些简单的发声练习。

可以学狗喘气，学习猫叫“喵喵~”，还可以单音节练习，发出“哼~”、“啊~”的声音。

然后再练习一些简单的歌曲，比如两只老虎。

进行音准训练：

1、多听音乐。音乐是听觉艺术，听音乐是进行音准训练的重要途径，其效果有时比练唱好。

2、多练习唱歌。在多听音乐的基础上，还要多练习唱歌，这样听唱结合，效果会更好。

练习的时候注意以下几点：

1、可以找个固定音高的乐器，然后从单音节开始练习，比如唱“啊~”，然后再唱“啊~”的不同音阶，从低唱到高。

2、首先要慢唱，一个个摸音准。

3、可以经常唱给音准好的亲朋好友听，唱大家都熟悉的歌曲比如茉莉花，这样有没有跑调都能听出来。

唱歌音准视频课程：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV15X4y1L7uk/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

节奏

节奏由节拍组成的，我们需要先了解节拍。

节拍是衡量节奏的单位，在音乐中，有一定强弱分别的一系列拍子在每隔一定时间重复出现。如 2 / 4（四二拍） 、 4 / 4（四四拍） 、 3 / 4（四三拍） 拍等。

单独一个音符不带任何东西的弹一拍，两个音符在一起下边有一条线的话，那么这两个音符弹一拍，一个就是半拍，四个音符在一起下边有两条线的话，那么这四个音符弹一拍，一个就是四分之一拍。

如果音符右边带一个点，后边还有一个音，并且这两个音下边有一条线的话，那么带点的音弹四分之三拍，后边的音弹四分之一拍；如果音符右侧有一个点，下边没有线的话那就弹一拍半，它后边的音弹半拍。

数字后面的横线一条代表这此音延长一拍，下面的横线一条表示此音在一拍的基础上缩小1/2拍。

数字上面的弧线，那个是表示连音，即在弧线下方的所有音符都要连起来弹，不可以断开。

上面是两只老虎简谱，其中红框的节拍，表明弹奏歌曲的节奏，即每一小节为四拍。绿框表示sol的因为长摁两拍。黄框表示一个节拍同时摁两个音，即和弦。

注意听伴奏

如果伴奏节奏性不明显的，就在心里数拍子，或用手脚打拍子。如果伴奏节奏性明显的，一般流行歌曲都很明显，就听重音，就是鼓点。

快歌一般是 重轻 慢歌一般是 轻重(重就是咚咚咚的鼓点声)

不看字幕

很多人跟伴奏时都有个很不好的习惯，不是听伴奏而是看字幕。这样只能使乐感越来越差，何况看到字幕走你再张嘴本身就已经晚了。所以我们唱歌时要先记住歌词，演唱时就不看字母，跟着伴奏寻找感觉。

边唱边打拍子

熟练后再跟伴奏唱，注意唱时一定要匀速，如果发现慢了就唱快点在后面赶上，唱快了就慢些等到该唱的地方在唱，千万不能就一直快着或慢着下去，那会很难听的。

唱的过程中如果听不懂各种乐器混合的伴奏，有个小窍门就是注意听鼓，也就是所谓的跟着鼓点唱。很多人把强弱拍弄反了，低音的大鼓往往在强拍上，而高音的军鼓往往在次强拍或弱拍上，要注意区分。还有个窍门就是先别急着自己唱，先开着原唱进行跟唱，这样会事半功倍。

唱歌节奏视频课程：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1YA411x7jG/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

唱歌技巧

1、唱歌时要嘴巴张大，随便唱一个音，摸摸耳朵前面跟腮帮子接触的那块，有没有一个小小的凹陷的地方（牙关那儿），如果能按下去，摸到凹陷，那就说明你真正张开嘴了。保持唱每个音的时候这个位置都是凹陷的，会发现用气容易了。

2、要把笑肌提起来，也就是所谓的苹果肌那儿（鼻子两侧那块，微笑时候会上去的肌肉），稍微带点笑意（只是为了笑肌提起），也有助于发音。

3、唱高音时，两颧骨要更积极开放，整个歌唱状态要更加积极向上，兴奋。随着音高向上，下颌需要松弛地向下，向两侧向后拉；小舌头提起如打哈欠似地吸住气，使喉咙更加打开，喉头不可随音高往上移动，而是相反，逐步下降，保持在吸气的状态，当然这个状态必须有气息的支持。

4、平稳地“下低音”，必须要一边感受上下颚的震动，一边慢慢地一个音程一个音程地往下唱。而且 “下低音”的时候一直得维持气息。将手放在胸前，然后平稳的发出“嗯——”音，感受到震动了么，带着这种感觉就可以唱低音了。

5、平时多练习肺活量，可以通过跑步、游泳等运动练习。

6、嗓子要通透，不能有痰，所以唱歌前要清嗓子。高音可以仰身或是仰头来辅助发声，低音就可以弯腰或是俯身来唱。

唱歌发声技巧

1、要防止用过多和过猛的气息去冲击声带，这样会使得声音难听并且对声带会造成损伤。

2、要防止声带过于松垮，我们要积极用声带靠拢挡气。这样才会避免产生漏气而发出虚声。

3、不要去挤压喉头，要将喉头自然放下，上颚提起，下巴放松。这样才能很好的打开喉咙。

唱歌发声技巧教程：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1eL411K7vj/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

学习资料

教材推荐

没有学过乐理知识，想要自学唱歌，就需要购买一些教材，然后跟着教材系统的学习唱歌。

《音乐理论基础》书中重点介绍了五线谱的乐理知识，全书共分十五章，包括音律、记谱法、调式、音程、和弦、节奏、节拍、音乐的速度与力量、转调、移调、装饰音和旋律的知识。同时还有简谱及工尺简介，常用音乐术语等。内容丰富，简明。适合广大专业和业余音乐工作者学习，参考。

《流行演唱法》是 2010年5月1日湖南文艺出版社出版的一本图书。作者是尤静波。该书主要叙述了作者对于歌唱的发音风格、细节处理等方面的知识总结。

《当代流行歌手声乐技能训练》这部教材将知识以及知识的分析讲解淋漓尽致，而且对举例的相关讲解也也是通俗易懂，是一部非常值得学习的教材。本书主要介绍当代歌曲风格的训练，包括歌唱准备、歌唱呼吸、四P原则、颤音、歌唱区与真实歌唱、声音保健、试听等相关知识点。

网络课程

中音大佬196小时讲完的唱歌教程

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV11S4y147nX/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

唱歌入门基础教程

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ba411u7tC/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学者学好唱歌重在打好基本功，初学者只要把这些基本功打扎实了，那么就等于拿到了开启歌唱之门的金钥匙。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R8kcduqO0oqcsuxohMqclMQ8nid"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"唱歌入门","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MSC6dAOcqoCWg2xqcuicyV1engc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习唱歌先要学会唱歌的基本功，唱歌的基本功包括：唱歌的姿势、唱歌的呼吸、唱歌的共鸣、唱歌的发声、唱歌的真声假声、唱歌的吐字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WIyudM6Y6ogkO6xcB1gcju8nnKe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"唱歌姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FE4SdUKSgog26MxYH9kcyTXvnBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"头部伸直，面部和颈部肌肉放松，下巴微收。挺直胸部，放松肩膀、手臂和手。肩膀向下和向后伸展，有助于胸部扩张。背部的脊椎骨始终要有向上、下两端延伸的感觉，即脊椎要立起来。双脚自然地分开，或前后站立，有一种向上的成就感。整个人都处于积极和放松的状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UwIIdcGUgoockux850kcCyVYn9C"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":519,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"唱歌姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6289662e25894509b58edcebc7bcbc55","width":689},"text":"","id":"Xs2WdsCQEooseSxG6JccJgTrn5e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"呼吸方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FSQwdAGEUoYAsSxEz9KcfWKtnSf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"歌唱呼吸是在自然呼吸的基础上进行的一种可控的呼吸运动，它的目的不仅是为了获得在大量空气中呼吸的能力，而且是为了以一种有意识的控制力量呼出空气，从而保证声音的流畅和统一。胸部和腹部呼吸从美声唱法中借用，在美声唱法中横膈膜和肋骨结合呼吸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CquCd0oq8ooyASx2zF4ch10mnKh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":366,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"呼吸方式","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa5dc9228bad4d1d88f709b14e511ad4","width":467},"text":"","id":"Ng64dik0yocsWmx0UCActfnqn2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当吸入时，隔膜下降，肋骨扩展到周围，气体吸入丹田(就","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"肚脐下两指的位置)。它是根据生理机能的规律，帮助脊柱的两根支柱的伸展，更充分的吸气，和歌唱状态可以协调，得到全身的歌唱效果。需要快速吸气，外部动作小，动作平稳轻盈，不要吸入太深。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZkUGdSOuyooCG4xgzpecTLjgnQc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":357,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"呼吸方式","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/82e5b3c97a454734ad55e2fff0b32e16","width":655},"text":"","id":"RU0Ed48aWo6aMCxC07ScRnMCnPc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通俗的说，呼吸的时候采用的是腹式呼吸法，就是我们睡着的时候自然呼吸的方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DA0mdgK4YoSMGQxuetTcwDaanRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们可以先平躺在床上找找呼吸的感觉，把手放在腹部，吸气的时候嘴巴闭上，用鼻子呼吸，使劲吸入身体里面，直到感觉到腹部突起。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R0yCdIG0ioAcGEx8Xf4cya5qnqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吐气的时候，肚子用力，顺势推出气体，可以感觉的腹部凹陷下去。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WoSgdaK8IoAgMCxMrlIc5JbIn0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大家练习的时候可以尝试使用这个方法，非常简单，先躺着找找感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fe4OdU0AmoE8AUxETTEcD9vwngb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"共鸣方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMuqdKIGYoIWaKxaKRkcqWXqnXb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"口腔共鸣","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NIcUdEYkAoiO8exoA0jca063nOV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"口腔自然地打开，面带微笑，下额自然放下，上腭有上提的感觉。这种共鸣效果明亮、靠前，易于和头腔取得联系，并可减少喉咽部的负担，进而起到保护声带的作用。(点在硬腭前部)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AIksd0CEOo2sWWxcnqGcdsRlngb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在唱中音区的时候，如果能合理的使用口腔共鸣，那么就可以让我们的音色听上去更加有质感，但没有做过声乐练习的朋友，腔体共鸣处于未开发的状态，很难找到共鸣的感觉，所以今天为大家分享一下练习口腔共鸣的一些技巧：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZASQdWeGqosqauxwTVUcuKXante"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、学习口腔共鸣的第一步，自然就是先彻底的打开口腔。我们可以先深吸一口气，然后非常自然的打一个哈欠，必须是自然的打哈欠，不能是刻意而为之。这个时候我们口腔的状态就是处于完全打开的状态，所以说唱歌的时候如果能保持打哈欠时的状态，就非常有利于我们唱歌的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WWEedccG0oSqYSx0e9ScJDqpnKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、在我们打哈欠的时候可以发一个“啊”声，这个时候大家会感觉到自己的声音比较浑厚，而且不费嗓子，声音和平时也完全不一样，这就是因为我们口腔的容积变大了。声音在口腔内部折射而发生了共振，音色听上去就会有非常大的变化，听上去非常有质感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QYQadmGOeoWOYGxK8tncKO3onSc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":453,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"口腔共鸣","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1dff169f2dbc4866a3325d11595617d7","width":657},"text":"","id":"AKWsdOMc4o88uCxETfpcdYd1n6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"口腔共鸣视频教程：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1xm4y1Q7sp/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1xm4y1Q7sp/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WIUUdaiy8o0yMsxgsCLcURpYnnb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"头腔共鸣","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NISCdgmwio6ESkxYbSJc8hN0ngf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在口腔共鸣的基础上，把声波在硬腭的集中反射点稍向后移动一些，软腭也随之上抬，让口、鼻、咽腔之间的通道和空间更宽些，犹如打哈欠或打喷嚏的准备动作，使声波能沿着上腭骨传送到鼻咽腔、鼻腔和头腔各窦处。这种共鸣效果清脆、丰满。但要注意防止气息直接从鼻腔里送出，造成鼻音。(点在硬腭后部，即软腭小舌头上)","id"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","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SwGodeKi8osqgWxKa7VcgD30npe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻腔共鸣练习方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HgoCd8eEYos0OaxEBQacpWNqnTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻腔共鸣练习要多做“哼”的练习，多练习哼唱，打开喉咙，调整好气息。将声音分成两部分分别输送到口腔和鼻腔里面，这种哼唱的感觉是对的，这个时候鼻腔和头部会有一种隐隐的麻木感，这样带出的声音会更加顺畅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OgUudiiiEoSMuYxYV7Zch39dned"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻腔共鸣视频教程：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV19i4y1M7Rt/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV19i4y1M7Rt/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qywsd0os0ommESxQ9a5cB4oZnPb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"胸腔共鸣","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QuUUdiu8WoqW8mxY3LAcgVy6n5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"胸腔共鸣指肺部及所在腔体的共鸣，歌唱发声时，上胸部放松，保持气息通畅。把上胸部当共鸣腔体来用。胸腔以吸气的感觉，松弛地扩张，而不要强制用力撑开。打开胸腔吸着唱，是获得良好胸腔共鸣的方法。要注意防止声音故意下压，咽喉肌肉紧张，造成喉音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KUaIdY6wco0G62xg7X7cGi9cnPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.体会胸腔共鸣：微微张开嘴巴，放松喉头，闭合声门(声带)，象金鱼吐泡泡一样轻轻地发声，或低低的哼唱，体会胸腔的震动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XGuKdwMUKoc84CxmkM8cI6Rmnnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.降低喉头的位置：(同上)；喉部放松。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W0ssdqw4eokyUIxOqu9cSWWFnmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.打牙关：所谓打牙关，就是打开上下大牙齿(槽牙)。给口腔共鸣留出空间，用手去摸摸耳根前大牙的位置，看看是否打开了。然后发出一些元音，如“a”。感觉感觉自己声音的变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZEMkd0UECogSWCxkDcNcrllxnsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.提颧肌：微笑着说话，嘴角微微向上翘，同时感觉鼻翼张开了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GeOgdqcaCo2uUKxkEE0cZchqnfA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5.挺软腭：打一个哈欠，顺便长啸一声。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HGeKdWCM2owgCExS6KTcZ5cAnld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"胸腔共鸣练习方法：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Eai4dwGaqoKC8IxyasycTChNndd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1）喉头放松练习。微张开嘴巴,放松喉头,像金鱼吐泡泡一样轻轻地发声或低低的哼唱,体会胸腔的震动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Da2Cdo4K8oUAA0xisipcNbgRnFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2）靠墙练习。靠墙可以接触你的后脊梁，让你更容易感觉到气息沿后背向前走的走向，并且胸腔的共鸣能和墙产生共振，让你更容易找到胸腔共鸣的感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NySkdqe6EoAawGxyKWwcJwHNnRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3）练习时想象自己的声音是竖立的、圆润饱满的。闭上嘴巴，发出“嗯”的音，有感情的将“嗯”拉长一点，会感觉头和胸前在震动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OEakd6IeEoqywyxGoctcCBGfng8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4）选择带有浓厚胸声的母音练习。一般发欧、哞、嗨等母音，容易找到胸腔共鸣的感觉，发声时咽喉腔尽量找“半打哈欠”的感觉，让声音在气管和喉头周围自然振动后，通过气管后传至胸腔，产生良好的胸腔共鸣。在此过程中，气息要均匀地流动，柔和地冲击声带，切忌为寻找宽厚的共鸣声音而压着喉头唱，这样会出现喉音出现。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NWmMdac6So2oi6xIJLycroednPc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5）用较低的声音发ha音，声音不要过亮，这时的声音是浑厚的，感觉是从胸腔发声的，如感觉不明显可以逐渐降低音高，也可以用手轻按胸部，用a做练习音从高到低，从实声到虚声发长音，体会哪一段声音上胸腔震动强烈，然后在这一段声音做胸腔共鸣练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EMOWd2YgwoSIWuxW6Jaco7munhf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":727,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"胸腔共鸣","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ce5181c0116f4d859ebdc77ad55089b6","width":556},"text":"","id":"G62EdOWusoMi0ExcpJucGxqjntb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"胸腔共鸣视频教程：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1s64y1t77n/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1s64y1t77n/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HsyOdWiEmoYgGUxoBEDcZtoHnB3"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"发声方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KIkwdS6QaoYaqsx6ZtBcM4t2n7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"歌唱的发声是由呼吸、声带地振动、共鸣三个环节构成。当我们掌握了正确的呼吸方法使得声带科学地振动以及身体的共鸣腔体打开并协调配合的前提下，就形成了一个科学的歌唱发声方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GYwMdsc8uoU2Icxq2BmcZWjVn0f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的发声要与正确的咬字、吐字相结合。通过字、声结合的练习来提高唇、齿、舌的灵活运动能力，使之更完美而生动地表现歌曲和情感和内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KCYqd884Ooe2yOxEvWIcfrirnpc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"真声","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ReokdyKM6o0oayxCWDIcR47Mnmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果唱歌的时候声带全部振动,就是在用真声在唱歌，真声的音色明亮、饱满。其发声状态为：发声时声带拉紧，明显感觉到声带整体振动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M4UAdI6CGo0S2cxP0ymcKvOonlR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"真声发出的声音刚劲有力、明亮结实，与人平时讲话的音质比较接近。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Vq2edoOOsoKsWGx6VBlcowLln96"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"假声","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CiuIdoyQ2oOAKcxioBDcxu3vnQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"假声的音色带有特殊矫揉造作的声音。其发声状态为：发声时声带振动相对放松、声带张力不强，中低声区的声音不够结实。如果高音用纯假声，就会使得音色单调、失去“个性”、无表现力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DICSdsWk6ooAO4xKSfgcBeBKnne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"假声发声方法：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BKo4dkKMiooksCxwfBzc8N4Wnne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要唱假音，首先张开口，注意要上下张开，不是左右。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FQYIdCECUoQ8yExjneMckQRynBV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"提手指放在耳朵前面，如开口正确，牙关会打开，舌头放平，舌尖掂住下要的牙。再配合肚子收缩吐气，用力把气推出，就会好容易唱到高音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GS0qd4AGeouOOMxSU1ic5wUungb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小技巧：学猫叫“喵~~”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FkcQdOqOooMUyaxasBVctwGdnnn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“喵~~”模仿猫叫会不自觉用上假声。有别于讲话的发声，被动获得头腔共鸣。非常简单，只要发出喵，就能获得共鸣，同时轻松的发出假声的音量。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XIagdyEgKo0g2cxufwscJlYqnmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"真声视频教程：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Uy4y1a7YN/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Uy4y1a7YN/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BiCwdkEUEoE0smxIxDtcNMYInMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"假声视频教程：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1FV4y1M74U/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1FV4y1M74U/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YSw2dYW00osEaexe6nicGkUynPb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"发声练习方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T8kWdMS42oiYssxuwmsc0lFDnYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习发声时需要用到各种共鸣方式，这样发出来的声音会比较有穿透力，也会更好听。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BM8Od8yuKoUQiGx4SmGc8uR8nwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习的时候需要采用腹式呼吸法，这样气息才会比较浑厚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CIyqdwAEuou0IqxMnzhcRJ9KnJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、可以学习狗喘气，学习猫叫“喵”，还可以模仿其他动物的声音或者是汽车鸣笛音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LUKAdMwGoo0IQ0xIn0mcMUQsnQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、可以对着地面唱歌，把脸冲着地面，这样可以练习腹部发声。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZieAdAeeyoswkGxh9drcoYHTnLO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、口中发出“啊···”用手拍打嘴唇，练习打嘴唇，使嘴唇颤动，打完嘴唇会麻的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K8a4dSikGo0WEcxKYwfc1D4Yn1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、感受共鸣音，可以发单音节音，练习“哼~”、“恩~”、“呜~”这种声音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VI8gdA2oYoQOQuxoDt7cINmYnRc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":488,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发声练习方法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b7eda09376af4b1d87615aa797981292","width":1102},"text":"","id":"D2UYdgy8go4UuQxUx4Ncphr4n3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z4AadIE2SoW2oCx6VHAcCq7An4d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"气息练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TeCsdy0YyoeMauxYRx3cDAEKnAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在练习前需要确保鼻腔的洁净，这样便于发声。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ha02d0YUUoc4IOxqKEucnDThnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、练习气息的时候要紧闭嘴巴，用鼻子吸气，使气体深入到腹部，吸气过程中不能高抬肩膀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B8ecd2Yu8oIMUuxeoOWc06nZnmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、不使用鼻子吸气，用嘴呼吸，如果发出呼噜声，就是用对了方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A8GIdkm4IoyiyMxO4C1cLpCxndg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、鼻子和嘴巴同时吸气，发声前先吸一口气，发出“呜~”，感觉声音是从肚子发出的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AAKCdGAmAo4wSqxSyTNc1kUgnue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、如果感到气息不足，可以适当锻炼肺活量，比如说跑步、游泳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GmQmdyUYCoKyuExyG6cce23An6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小技巧：发声的时候用手按压腹部，发声的同时感受腹部发力，向内收缩，这样更容易找到感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OWEQdks82okucKxSMu2czsgHnAe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JO6EdmAeoowAk8x0wODcaJimnuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"保持气息的简单办法：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GwGMdeuqEoWSYcx2pomchsPKnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步，控制气息的流量，其实每个人都会控制流量，比如说，我让你随便吹一口气，然后再让你小一点吹一口，你不用想，直接就做到了对么？我们首先要保证吸气放松自然，气息到横膈膜然后保持住（前面说的基础内容），继续做一个小一点的吹气，10-20秒内都可以，尽量稳定一些。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ICAAdSOuwom4kwxWsRrcIPRwnIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 应用：当我们可以维持10-20秒后，尝试放松吸气，保持横膈然后用同样小一些的气量进行演唱，你会发现原本不好唱的部分变得简单了一些。这只是一个开端。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B4CMdaQeUo0MIAxSu51c3aGMnae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 第二步，气带声方法，当你做完了第一步，你至少可以用小气量吹10-20秒的气了，这个时候我们该加入声带了。如何加入声带呢？我们继续放松吸气，保持横膈，然后小气量吹气，吹气两秒后，我们开始用小音量发一个WU。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HqSydaMc4oC0Ugxe6GwcW0Conhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发声练习、唱歌气息练习、唱歌正确发音视频教程：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dx411y7o9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dx411y7o9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Va0Yd6omio4W6kxiOrncx5PHn7b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"发声练习曲","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wg2odo4Auom8wox6CpBcURL4nrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"气息练习和发声练习是可以相结合起来的，因此我们可以练习一些专门的曲子，来进行发声练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VM4Ed6uWqoAE2Qxqe46cOfhunde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单音节发声：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RmGgdYOwIow2YexcbymciMF7nWd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":486,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发声练习曲","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c5ca1b319a34d2a987a53c32c77e139","width":900},"text":"","id":"K8YYdwugko62ccxKQOOc5vifnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单的歌曲：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qi2KdWiWCoiGw4xmi7NcnNmKnie"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":441,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发声练习曲","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d3f469d3e844407b83bfc96c08c2ae9a","width":890},"text":"","id":"X2eYdIqokooQI2xyqkScGSrSnsh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":747,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发声练习曲","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/75ba809f70a2411fb30f8fd69ef67032","width":991},"text":"","id":"Ea8edYoEOoygWgxP5rRc6JnFnJY"}],"text":"","id":"Jq6eduIcWoqyuSxGE9WcELXPnzd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"吐字方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Jq6eduIcWoqyuSxGE9WcELXPnzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"歌唱对于吐字的要求是做到字正腔圆、吐字清晰、发音准确。要掌握好这些，首先要学好普通话的发音，从普通话开始好好练习。我们在咬字的过程中也不要咬的过于死板，要使得声音线条具有连贯性，中国的语言是由声母和韵母组成，子音和母音的发声部位是不同的，子音的发声位置大多在口腔前半部分，母音的发声位置大多在口腔后半部分，在吐字的过程中要保持在各个声区发声位置的一致性，就需要保持任何母音形成部位的一致性，根据咬字的需要积极灵活地调整，把母音转换时夹在期间的子音所形成的断裂减少到最低限度，这样才能使声音达到连贯动听的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZoOgdMIOCoiSeexUrltcUqeLnHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习吐字的技巧：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E8WSd4cWOoquWExYlDYcXvBMnNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、读“啊”字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CGy2deSIeoSWg4xyYF0cf0blnHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从低音开始发，音调一阶阶往上升，一直到自己发音的极限，再一阶阶往下落，直到最低音。用不同的字做发音练习，比如“嘿、哈、呵”等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E448dUweyowKQ4xYBw3cGiXnnVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、练习字母发音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IMW4dGiGOooK0qxETHBcQShBnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"回归小学时代，去学习思考一下字母的发音，“a”要怎么读，嘴型什么样，从嘴里哪个部位发音，应该重读还是轻读，“b”呢、“c”呢？很多时候我们觉得说话模糊不清，一部分原因就是因为字母的发音抓的不标准，不妨花点时间思考练习一下，一定会大有进步。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SM6GdIOmooY2aQxMzNGcAGLCn7g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、速读 \\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"选一篇文章速读，不要求对其中的标点和情感加以关注和修饰，以最快的速度读完，但每个字必须读的清楚。过程中准备一个录音，读完后听一下哪些字词发音比较模糊，下一次练习中加以注意。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NEQGdgcokoi2CSxmIgJcpZEnnQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、“嚼”石子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QSawdGckYo0KySxQkuEcM22qnlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"找一颗干净光滑的石头，朗读时含在嘴巴里，尽自己最大努力把字说清楚，在练习时吐字会很别扭，舌头也容易累，没关系，坚持一段时间，你会发现自己的吐字渐渐变得清晰起来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KcE4dYQwSoGEgGx6vaIc5qnmnZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、模仿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Cy2cdMgmOoSSmgxsTh2cQph0nbb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以去网上找一些专业的朗读音频，或跟着电视、广播中的主持人进行模仿。一定要选那些发音正确，吐字清晰的导播，学习他们的发音，吐字，词句间的停顿，情感的抒发...久而久之，自己的说话也会大有进步。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H6yQdaCy2oU2iqxKgW5cW2dnn7g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、正音练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KIQwdau8OoAwYqxqQT9cATW3n8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓正音练习，就是根据普通话的读音标准，校正自己的地方音和习惯音。正音练习包括很多内容，主要有：平舌音和翘舌音练习，鼻音和边音练习，送气音和不送气音练习，前鼻音和后鼻音练习，等等。下面着重介绍一下其中平舌音和翘舌音练习。因为不少人，尤其是南方人，在平舌音和翘舌音的区分和发音方面，常常弄不清楚，发音不准。问题主要出在z、zh不分，c、ch不分，s、sh不分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ASC6dEsQYoOQAOxqGpZcOEQ2nPI"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、绕口令练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XsmAdgeE8oCgyWxiQvmcFYrsnoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择一些绕口令，分清平翘舌音，由慢到快反复练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SaeadkOS4oCcAcxzsRCcAxrSnx0"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音准","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Dm00dckmUoC66yxSgTZc5Kb3nrc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"唱歌的时候音准是比较重要的，找音准可以通过练声、练耳的方式做到这一点。唱歌前开嗓，声音打开后，再唱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KEeEdwwqUocQyIxEZEKciJldnGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"开嗓：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T8Uid8OWWo20QKxg5XFcvlFInKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"唱歌前需要开嗓，我们可以进行一些简单的发声练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qm8YdKC80oCmYMxWoTBcMXjFnAf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以学狗喘气，学习猫叫“喵喵~”，还可以单音节练习，发出“哼~”、“啊~”的声音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RKcKdQMmAoueKQxQcKWcCoFOneb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后再练习一些简单的歌曲，比如两只老虎。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C2smd86qooACOUx2lYpcaqhGnLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进行音准训练：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DwSkdqmSyoiyugxOe8CcbJK5n6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、多听音乐。音乐是听觉艺术，听音乐是进行音准训练的重要途径，其效果有时比练唱好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YqYCdyGWWoMq2YxYt30cxyhUn9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、多练习唱歌。在多听音乐的基础上，还要多练习唱歌，这样听唱结合，效果会更好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UqKUdy6SAosaQIxxzx9cgNLBnie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习的时候注意以下几点：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NuyadEmQko4OAex4H89cmSA9nxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、可以找个固定音高的乐器，然后从单音节开始练习，比如唱“啊~”，然后再唱“啊~”的不同音阶，从低唱到高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S06AdEGoooYMqOx2fLNcRJEonif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、首先要慢唱，一个个摸音准。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W6iadQQosoowAOxmaZVcrT5TnUh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、可以经常唱给音准好的亲朋好友听，唱大家都熟悉的歌曲比如茉莉花，这样有没有跑调都能听出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MUiedcUOyouA4kx8zp8c6J8qn1d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":620,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音准","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4264a7cdd8d944f79c440347cf52a06f","width":932},"text":"","id":"B8sKdq8mKoAk2oxMX9cc0MUdnHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"唱歌音准视频课程：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV15X4y1L7uk/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV15X4y1L7uk/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEUWdi6iKoowwYxC665crpX9nlf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"节奏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EqcidOA2ioqAa0xWUnec3AxanZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"节奏由节拍组成的，我们需要先了解节拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xs2YdiUscoq0AExqucKcwAemnic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"节拍是衡量节奏的单位，在音乐中，有一定强弱分别的一系列拍子在每隔一定时间重复出现。如 2 / 4（四二拍） 、 4 / 4（四四拍） 、 3 / 4（四三拍） 拍等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E4QudiYyeo4csuxmOc1cTXgrnuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单独一个音符不带任何东西的弹一拍，两个音符在一起下边有一条线的话，那么这两个音符弹一拍，一个就是半拍，四个音符在一起下边有两条线的话，那么这四个音符弹一拍，一个就是四分之一拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QQWKdCeOGoq8k4x2heNcuzxYnxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果音符右边带一个点，后边还有一个音，并且这两个音下边有一条线的话，那么带点的音弹四分之三拍，后边的音弹四分之一拍；如果音符右侧有一个点，下边没有线的话那就弹一拍半，它后边的音弹半拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F0EqdWQ6CoikYqxg38ycI1gInob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"数字后面的横线一条代表这此音延长一拍，下面的横线一条表示此音在一拍的基础上缩小1/2拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TWIMd8oOEoYaGAxEZtNcmxXMnOc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"数字上面的弧线，那个是表示连音，即在弧线下方的所有音符都要连起来弹，不可以断开。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T0OgdsuOqom4kyxOgJrcvpqVnSd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":261,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"节奏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f0747c60a7a645eebc51bed04b08e7a1","width":440},"text":"","id":"YOwode8YmoOyE2xyu1Hcqq5jnzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"上面是两只老虎简谱，其中红框的节拍，表明弹奏歌曲的节奏，即每一小节为四拍。绿框表示sol的因为长摁两拍。黄框表示一个节拍同时摁两个音，即和弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JOQWd0go2oWcamxqc5Rc7i4InFd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意听伴奏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xq4AdY0kio0EyixsRlhcrSwsnch"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果伴奏节奏性不明显的，就在心里数拍子，或用手脚打拍子。如果伴奏节奏性明显的，一般流行歌曲都很明显，就听重音，就是鼓点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GAMod2GQ0okIiuxIWulc77gdnGT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"快歌一般是 重轻 慢歌一般是 轻重(重就是咚咚咚的鼓点声)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LsmAdM4KQouImExmmNKcK4vwnBd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"不看字幕","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BIW0dAWk2oGWYgxnfQ5c0TwjnkT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"很多人跟伴奏时都有个很不好的习惯，不是听伴奏而是看字幕。这样只能使乐感越来越差，何况看到字幕走你再张嘴本身就已经晚了。所以我们唱歌时要先记住歌词，演唱时就不看字母，跟着伴奏寻找感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DQo6dEYsyoQ8iKx6zKZcxdI5npe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"边唱边打拍子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HSQmdECcioUyg0xipG8c3T6nn15"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"熟练后再跟伴奏唱，注意唱时一定要匀速，如果发现慢了就唱快点在后面赶上，唱快了就慢些等到该唱的地方在唱，千万不能就一直快着或慢着下去，那会很难听的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AamMdY2AOooUMIxCwQJc7khgnJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"唱的过程中如果听不懂各种乐器混合的伴奏，有个小窍门就是注意听鼓，也就是所谓的跟着鼓点唱。很多人把强弱拍弄反了，低音的大鼓往往在强拍上，而高音的军鼓往往在次强拍或弱拍上，要注意区分。还有个窍门就是先别急着自己唱，先开着原唱进行跟唱，这样会事半功倍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J8yyd8oO2oI0MQx0co6cytaJn7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"唱歌节奏视频课程：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1YA411x7jG/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1YA411x7jG/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RWAsdCkKyoQWOMx4ZhqcOQZHnSh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"唱歌技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HKiqdY6MIoeSaYxejO5cXjTgn1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、唱歌时要嘴巴张大，随便唱一个音，摸摸耳朵前面跟腮帮子接触的那块，有没有一个小小的凹陷的地方（牙关那儿），如果能按下去，摸到凹陷，那就说明你真正张开嘴了。保持唱每个音的时候这个位置都是凹陷的，会发现用气容易了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VqGYdCym2oEocgxaG4ycKW92nah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、要把笑肌提起来，也就是所谓的苹果肌那儿（鼻子两侧那块，微笑时候会上去的肌肉），稍微带点笑意（只是为了笑肌提起），也有助于发音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BWSydGoeWoOOQKxofjVcmVwmnpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、唱高音时，两颧骨要更积极开放，整个歌唱状态要更加积极向上，兴奋。随着音高向上，下颌需要松弛地向下，向两侧向后拉；小舌头提起如打哈欠似地吸住气，使喉咙更加打开，喉头不可随音高往上移动，而是相反，逐步下降，保持在吸气的状态，当然这个状态必须有气息的支持。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fq6gdmiC2oEGqcxWk77cNodWnbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、平稳地“下低音”，必须要一边感受上下颚的震动，一边慢慢地一个音程一个音程地往下唱。而且 “下低音”的时候一直得维持气息。将手放在胸前，然后平稳的发出“嗯——”音，感受到震动了么，带着这种感觉就可以唱低音了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H22IdMwoSo2CoexADOQcr2Ekn5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、平时多练习肺活量，可以通过跑步、游泳等运动练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W4i8dAWkaokwgCxK2GPcQWDRnGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、嗓子要通透，不能有痰，所以唱歌前要清嗓子。高音可以仰身或是仰头来辅助发声，低音就可以弯腰或是俯身来唱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Jy0AdUKO8oAy6gxMxYCcMpXGnmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"唱歌发声技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NMoMdwKwuoA88mxAlFxcKgfPncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、要防止用过多和过猛的气息去冲击声带，这样会使得声音难听并且对声带会造成损伤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HwoGdkCaCouI2sx6aaCcxxEInlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、要防止声带过于松垮，我们要积极用声带靠拢挡气。这样才会避免产生漏气而发出虚声。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Vo0WdMwwqo8A4Yx451Gc8nGJnW0"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、不要去挤压喉头，要将喉头自然放下，上颚提起，下巴放松。这样才能很好的打开喉咙。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZGWId6mUMoGKsEx04BEcFIaUnfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"唱歌发声技巧教程：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1eL411K7vj/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1eL411K7vj/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZqWsdKmeOog8QSxirAtcgz7XnPE"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HC86di4wyom82CxqNV0cjzUbncb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"教材推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Bo4idiEw0oygcWxdlFscGJNcnLi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"没有学过乐理知识，想要自学唱歌，就需要购买一些教材，然后跟着教材系统的学习唱歌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I8cYdoYI6ouEQ2xSeYAcSP4znob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《音乐理论基础》书中重点介绍了五线谱的乐理知识，全书共分十五章，包括音律、记谱法、调式、音程、和弦、节奏、节拍、音乐的速度与力量、转调、移调、装饰音和旋律的知识。同时还有简谱及工尺简介，常用音乐术语等。内容丰富，简明。适合广大专业和业余音乐工作者学习，参考。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Umu2d4uOIo6osKxcBX2cdaUYnLh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":491,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"教材推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cc9097dc3eb0448491269e9a9cb5a094","width":690},"text":"","id":"MS46d2uIkoM8asx0MCiczETLnbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《流行演唱法》是 2010年5月1日","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"湖南文艺出版社","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"出版的一本图书。作者是尤静波。该书主要叙述了作者对于歌唱的发音风格、细节处理等方面的知识总结。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M68idmG6ao4qSsxELnScm42tnDb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":581,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"教材推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7d306e20e87d45c7ba205133cb347372","width":989},"text":"","id":"GIYgdGCYaoSQSCxop0GcrcSVngh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《当代流行歌手声乐技能训练》这部教材将知识以及知识的分析讲解淋漓尽致，而且对举例的相关讲解也也是通俗易懂，是一部非常值得学习的教材。本书主要介绍当代歌曲风格的训练，包括歌唱准备、歌唱呼吸、四P原则、颤音、歌唱区与真实歌唱、声音保健、试听等相关知识点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LEMsdcSWIoC2UcxwbpOcnG4anad"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":490,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"教材推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e94fbe6ca58a429fb7a128cbd445fa51","width":791},"text":"","id":"SwIKdowEaogqKkxk7dWcKcHxnkg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"网络课程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CUg8dYwg2osIKIxIHQZcmCx4nQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中音大佬196小时讲完的唱歌教程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CosOdm4Ikoi0Myx64nWctXhfnGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV11S4y147nX/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV11S4y147nX/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SeiEdMAMMoScsKxwCbkcCWsMnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"唱歌入门基础教程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TUoWdYWc8oI6UIxVXbMcf44pnrs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ba411u7tC/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ba411u7tC/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MgsCdUCCqo6IsoxZmTzcgTQinGO"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

2. lx912工业温湿度计说明书

按下”MODE"键3秒，时间会闪烁，再按一次“MODE"键切换一次，分别是分、小时、24/12小时制、月、日闪烁，哪一项显示时，按“ADJ”键就可以调整了，按ADJ键只可以加不可以减，可以循环。

3. lx925温湿度显示器

每台电视的品牌和型号不一样，尺寸也是有差别的，我是做液晶电视保护屏的，这边收集了几个品牌的具体尺寸索尼52寸kdl52v4800（宽*高*厚）1245*730*40

厦普52寸52lv925a1235*735*40

海信52寸52v67pk1270*760*40

厦普52寸led52lx7101225*720*40

希望对你有帮助。

4. 温湿度计9013

超声波遥控电扇变速器工作原理及电路图

UCM—T40K1 UCM—R40K1 压电陶瓷超声波传感器

一、压电陶瓷超声波换能器（超声波传感器）体积小，灵敏度高、性能可靠、价格低廉，是遥控、遥测、报警等电子装置最理想的电子器件、用此换能器构成的超声波遥控开关，可使家电产品、电子玩具加速更新 换代，提高市场竞争能力。

二、技术参数

灵敏度：≥—70dB / V / ubar

谐振频率：40KHZ±1KHZ（UCM—T40K1·发射用）

38KHZ±1KHZ（UCM—R40K1·接收用）

频 带 宽：2KHZ±0.5KHZ

外形尺寸：∮16mm×22.5mm

三、使用环境

温 度：—20℃~ + 60 ℃ 相对湿度：20 ± 5℃时达98%

四、使用注意事项

两接线脚焊接时间不宜过长，以免器件内之焊点溶化脱焊及造成底座与接线脚之间松动。

不宜与腐蚀性物质接触

1、超声波遥控电灯开关

这种遥控开关，电路简单，且免调试，非常适合初学者制作。

一、工作原理

为发射电路。电路采用分立器件构成，VT1和VT2以及R1~ R4、C1、C2构成自激多谐振荡器，超声发射器件B被联接在VT1和VT2的集电极回路中，以推挽形式工作，回路时间常由R1、C1和R4、C2确定。超声发射器件B的共振频率使多谐振荡电路触发。因此，本电路可工作在最佳频率上。

(图2)为接收电路，结型场效应VT1构成高输入阻抗放大器，能够很好地与超声接收器件B相匹配，可获得较高接收灵敏度及选频特性。VT1采用自给偏压方式，改变R3即可改变VT1的表态工作点，超声接收器件B将接收到的超声波转换为相应的电信号，经VT1和VT2两极放大后，再经VD1和VD2进行半波整流变为直流信号，由C3积分后作用于VT3和基极，使VT3由截止变为导通，其集电极输出负脉冲，触发器JK触发D，使其翻转。JK触发器Q端的电平直接驱动继电器K，使K吸合或释放。由继电器K的触点控制电路的开关。

二、元件选用

发射电路中，VT1和VT2用CS9013或CS9014等小功率晶体管，≥100。超声发射器件用SE05—40T，电源GB采用一块9V叠层电池,以减小发射器体积和重量。

接收电路中，VT1和3DJ6或是3DJ7等小功率结型场效应晶体管。VT2~ VT3用CS9013，≥100。VD1和VD2用IN4148。JK触发器263B。超声接收器件用SE05—40R，与SE05—40T配对使用。继电器K用HG4310型。

超声波遥控电扇变速器

一、工作原理

(图3)为发射电路。它采用的是国产蝙蝠牌FS—A5A型电风扇的遥控发射器。这种发射器具有体积小、耗电省、工作可靠、电路简单等特点。在使用时，每按一下发射键，发射器发出约为500ms的40KHZ的超声波。发射电路的工作原理如下。

VT2和VT3构成直接耦合正反馈振荡电路，B为40KHz超声发射器件，并兼振荡电路反馈先频元件。因此，此电路可准确地振荡于超声发射器件的中心频率40KHZ。VT1和R2、C1组成500ms延时电路。R1、VD1是C1的放电通路，当按下发射键S时，VT2构成的振荡电路工作，发出超声波，同时，电源通过R2向C1充电，当C1上的电位充到1.4V时(约经过500ms),VT1导通,VT2基极以及VT3集电极电位下降为0.3V左右,振荡器停止工作,当松开发射键S时,C1通过VD1和R1迅速放电,为下一次发射作好准备.VD3和R4构成发射指示电路,当按发射键时,VD3发光。

(图4)为接收电路。CMOS非门D1~ D3由R1偏置为线性放大器，总增益可达60bB以上，由于CMOS电路的输入阻抗较高，故能够很好与超声接收器件匹配。放大后的信号由C1耦合给锁相环译码器LM567的输入端3脚。当输入信号的频率落在其中心频率上时，LM567的逻辑输出端8脚由高电平变为低电平。

使用ＬＭ５６７和CD4017的接收电路

5. lx925温湿度显示器说明书

魔方又叫鲁比克方块，台湾称为魔术方块，香港称为扭计骰，最早由匈牙利布达佩斯建筑学院鲁比克·艾尔诺教授发明。魔方竞速是一项手部极限运动，玩法炫酷，来看下各阶魔方复原教程吧，这样的扮酷技能还不快来get？！

复原字母示意

复原魔方时，常常会用到各类公式，因此认识各个字母代表的意思非常重要。四阶魔方转动字母和三阶魔方转动字母是一致的，但是有一些由特殊的字母来表示。

单层操作：

手拿一个魔方，对着身体这面的为前，前Front（F）；后Back（B）；左Left（L）；右Right（R）；顶Up（U）；底Down（D）。

每个字母表示对应层顺时针旋转90°，带'的则是逆时针90°，后面加个2就是180°。

如：U 顶层顺时针90°；U' 顶层逆时针90°；U2 顶层顺时针180°。

双层操作：

上面六个字母小写表示双层操作。

夹层操作：

左右夹层向下为M，与L同向；前后夹层顺时针为S，与F同向；上下夹层向右为E，与D同向。

四阶魔方特殊字母：

四阶魔方特殊字母表示，如下图。其他字母，如x表示魔方整体向上翻90°；y表示魔方绕竖直中轴向左转90°；z整体面对自己顺时针旋转90°。

二阶魔方复原

简介

二阶魔方（Mini Cube），中文直译叫做"口袋魔方"，由彼得·塞波斯坦尼发明。二阶魔方为2×2×2的立方体结构，由8个角块构成，总共有3674160种变化。二阶魔方结构与三阶魔方相近，可以用复原三阶魔方的公式进行复原。

二阶魔方复原教程视频：【二阶魔方教程~只要两个公式哟！】 https://b23.tv/7btcXGd

二阶复原教程

二阶魔方的玩法分为三个步骤，分别是：1）还原底层角块；2）还原顶面颜色；3）调整顶层角块。

说明：图中灰色部分代表了该步骤中不相关的颜色，只用看标彩色的方块即可。

第一步：还原底层角块

假设以白色为底，其他白色块只会有5个位置，这些位置要么是对称的，要么很容易变成前面的位置。如下图五种情况。

1、如上图中第一种情况的调整，只需要三步就可以完成了。如下图。

2、对于第二种情况，它和第一种情况是完全对称的，算法也是对称的。

针对这两种情况，可以看出：白色在右面第一下就转右面，白色在正面第一下就转正面。

3、白色在顶面的情况，如下图，只要用一次公式RU就会变成情况1，或用一次F'U'变成情况2，然后按情况1或2处理就好了。

要注意：如果底层其他几个角已经还原好了，如下图，这种处理方法就会破坏已经还原好的某个角，所以要提前恢复角这个角的位置，具体方法如下。

4、另外2种情况白色是在底层的，只要对着他们用一次算法1或算法2就可以得到情况1或2了。

白色向前就用算法2，先转正面，（F'U'F）U（F'U'F）；白色向右就用算法1，先转右面，（R U R'）U'（R U R'）。

照上面说的，重复做4个角块，就可以做好底层了。

第二步：还原顶面颜色

这一步我们要还原4个角块顶面的颜色，而先不用管顶层侧面的颜色，把它们留到最后一步还原。

我们先观察一下顶层4个角块黄色面的位置，如果只有一个黄色块在顶面，会有两种情况，可以按下面的方法解决。

情况1

情况2

它是和情况1完全对称的，算法也是对称的，非常好记。

另外还有5种情况，不用记新的算法，按照下面的位置摆好，用上面的算法就可以解决；其中3种情况是顶面有2个黄色块，2种情况是顶面没有黄色块，下面是具体解决方法。

观察一下，可以发现除了情况6是先用公式2-2，其他几种情况都是先用公式2-1的，我们只要记住情况6的形态就好了，其它情况都先用一次公式2-1，再转转魔方的顶层就很容易得到情况1或情况2了。

第三步：还原顶层角块

这一步要将顶层4个侧面的颜色一次性复原，完成魔方的还原，只需要记一个新的算法。

先观察有没有2个相邻角块侧面颜色一样的情况，例如下面的情况1或情况2。

情况1

情况2

如果有类似于上图的情况，就把同色的角块旋转到正对着自己的位置，再用这个算法R B' R F2 R' B R F2 R2，就可以完成还原了。

注意：如果找不到这样同色的角块，那就对着魔方随便用一次上面的算法，用过之后就一定能找到了，然后再用一次这个算法即可还原。

至此，二阶魔方完成复原。

三阶魔方复原

简介

通常意义下的魔方，是指狭义的三阶魔方。常规竞速玩法是将魔方打乱，然后在最短的时间内复原。

三阶魔方复原视频教程【三阶魔方还原基础教程！】 https://b23.tv/DpnMj8m

三阶复原教程

三阶魔方复原总的思路为分层法，如下图。

1、复原第一层四个棱块（在底层架十字，以白色为底）

目的：使底层四个棱块的侧面与四个中心面的颜色一致（如下图1）。这一步简单灵活，不需要公式。但这里也提供了动图以供参考。

首先拿到一个棱块，如图，这是最基础的情况，只看白色，只要一步就能把它转到顶面。

当我们遇到的情况与这个情况不同的时候，就要想办法把未解决过的问题转化为已知问题。

时刻注意顶层完成的棱块别被破坏：

我们做十字不但要求白面有一个十字，其他面的跟白色相近的那个中心棱也要跟各面中心（各面中心颜色不变）颜色对齐。方法是：手拿魔方，白色十字架面朝下，旋转上面两层找对应各面中心颜色即可。

最终如下图这样子即可。

2、复原第一层四个角块

目的：要使四个底角的各面的颜色与相应中心面颜色对应一致（如图2）。可归为五种情况，如图3~图7。图3和图4为基本形态，图5用公式后会变成图3形态，图6用公式后会变成图5形态，图7用公式后会变成图4形态。

关键：手拿魔方，白底十字架在下面，只看图中白色位置，只要白色方块出现图中情况，按照公式旋转即可。

具体步骤示范：

完成十字后我们将整个魔方翻转，使十字朝下。 角块按位置分为顶层和底层两类情况。每类情况中又可按角块白色面朝向分为指向上/下和指向四周两种。最基础的情况是处于顶层白色面指向四周。剩下的三种均可转换成这种情况。

基础情况：顶层，白色指向四周。（图3、图4的情况）

在顶层白色朝右时，R U R'（图4情况，白色归位）

在顶层白色朝前时，L' U' L（图3情况，白色归位）

注意角块的朝向。将角块放在目标位置之上，循环RUR'U'直至被还原。

底层角块特殊情况

角块不是顶层且白色朝外的一律算作特殊情况，都要转化为基础情况。

在顶层白色朝上时，解决办法：R U2 R'，即可转为基础情况

在底层白色朝外，解决办法：R U2 R'，即可转为基础情况

3、复原第二层四个棱块

目的是使第二层的四个棱归位（ 第二层含四个中心块，这四个中心块是固定的，只需复原棱块即可）。可归为两种基本情况，当要复原的棱块在中层，可以先用图8或图8公式把他们转到顶层后，再用下面公式转法即可。（切记：对着图8，手拿魔方，出现图8情况，即可用图8公式。出现图9情况，即可用图9公式。）

4、顶十字（以黄色为顶，完成顶层四个棱）

俯视魔方，只看中心块和四个棱，只要顶层黄色部分出现图中任一这个情况（切记：手拿魔方，顶层看过去的黄色方块方向要跟图片某一种情形一致），均可以使用公式FRUR'U'F'在图10~图13中转换，直到出现图14形态（四个棱和中心颜色都为黄色）。

具体示范如下：

条形（图12）：转动顶层，让条形指向左右。再用FRUR'U'F'，如下图。

折形（图11）：朝上的棱块一个放在后边一个放在左边，做一遍条形公式就可以转换成条形。所以连做两遍条形公式即可。此过程会出现F和F'连做FRUR'U'F'（FRUR'U'F'），相互抵消，故消去废步后的公式为：F （ R U R' U' ） （ R U R' U' ） F'（若记不住直接记FRUR'U'F'操作两遍即可）

点形（图10）：点形做上述公式即转化为另一种二棱情况。

5、完成顶面（以黄色为顶面）

俯视魔方，只看黄色方块，会出现下面8种状态之一。手中拿好魔方，顶层黄色出现下图各种位置时，只要黄色所在位置跟图中任一形式一样，使用公式RUR'URU2 R'在图14中转换，即可将顶层颜色全部变为黄色。（切记：手拿魔方时，俯视魔方，顶层黄色位置要跟图中一样，出现任何一种图中情况，用此公式即可。）

6、调整顶层4个角块位置，使其正确归位

方法一：

先调整角块位置：这一步要使四个角块的相对位置归位。观察顶层的侧面，看看是否有一个侧面是两个角块颜色都一样的（连在一起的相对位置正确的角块）。如果有，则将这两个角块放在右侧，做：R2 F2' R' B' R F2' R' B R'

如果四个面都没有，做一次上面的公式就有了。另外不要被棱块干扰，角块没做完先不管棱块。

再调整棱块位置：调整项层4个棱块的位置，使其位置正确。顶棱情况依错误的棱块的数量分为两类：三个和四个。不存在两个交换的情况。

三个棱块依次轮换，让完成的棱块朝后，观察剩余三个棱块是顺时针还是逆时针替换，如果前面颜色对应的棱块在右边，对应顺时针替换：R2 U R U R' U' R' U' R' U R'，可完成复原。

前面颜色对应的棱块在左边，对应逆时针替换。可以使用公式：L2' U' L' U' L U L U L U' L，可完成复原。

四个棱块两两对换：如果前面步骤做完，到最后只是四个角棱块两两相对，跳过上面两个步骤，随机做一个三棱换即可转化为三棱换的情况。可用公式：M2' U M2' U2 M2' U M2'，可完成复原。

方法二：个人喜欢的方法，手拿魔方，俯视魔方，观察顶层四个棱的位置，使用公式F2U' （LR'）F2 （L'R）U'F2在图16中的五种形态之间进行转换，只要一个公式，整个魔方会被复原。（箭头表示不同颜色的方块互换位置，魔方拿法朝向没有要求，只要俯视图是下图即可，出现下列情行就用此公式，即可复原）

至此，三阶魔方复原完成。

四阶魔方复原

简介

四阶魔方被认为是2-5阶魔方玩法中最不好复原的，虽然五阶魔方的变化种类比4阶多，但是四阶魔方的中心块并不固定，也就不容易复原。要点就是要记住各个颜色的相对位置，只有将中心块的颜色按正确的位置还原才能复原整个魔方。

四阶魔方总共有8个角块，24个中心块和24个棱块。四阶魔方的国际配色是上白下黄、前绿后蓝、左橙右红。

四阶魔方复原教程：【四阶魔方基础还原教程（入门降阶法）】 https://b23.tv/7ODSD0a

四阶复原教程

四阶魔方的复原根本恢复思路：调整6面中心块→组合12条棱块→处理特殊情况→恢复四阶魔方

一般选择使用降阶法来恢复四阶魔方，即指将高阶魔方转换成三阶魔方的状态，然后依照三阶魔方的恢复办法进行恢复。

1、调整四阶魔方六面中心块

因为四阶魔方并没有固定的中心块，所以在进行这个步骤之前，必需要记住6面的色彩方位。下面就罗列出在拼中心块的过程呈现的8个状况。

2、合并12条棱块

拼好魔方的六面中心块后，接下来需要把24个棱块按照颜色相同的棱块两两合并来组合成12个棱块，这和三阶魔方状态是一样的了，最终效果如下第一张图所示。

3、当拼完6面中心块和12条棱块后，把这个四阶魔方当做成三阶魔方来还原，还原进程如下图。

假如你拼到顶层发现有三阶魔方上没有遇到的情况，请看下一步。

4、调整四阶魔方的特殊情况

至此，再用三阶的玩法进行，直到完成四阶魔方的复原。

五阶魔方还原

简介

五阶魔方的还原方法和四阶魔方的还原一样，都是使用“降阶法”还原。也就是说，需要先把每一个面中心的3*3的正方形还原成各自中心块的颜色，再还原12条3*1的棱块，之后的还原方法就是三阶魔方的还原方法了。

五阶魔方复原视频教程：【五阶魔方教学入门教学篇，适合三阶降阶法玩法，一看就懂】 https://b23.tv/vFljBK0

五阶复原教程

1、还原底面中心块（以黄色中心块为例）

对于奇数阶魔方来说，还原中心块需要先还原中心的3*1的一道，如图。

然后再在中间面（除底面和顶面的四个面）上还原出3*1的一道，再移至底面，如图。

以此方法还原底面。

2、还原顶面中心块（白色）

顶面也就是与底面相对的那一面。同样要注意首先先还原中间3*1的一道。

然后再在中间面（除底面和顶面的四个面）上创造出顶面中心块的边缘3*1的一道，再移至顶面（注意不要打乱底面，可用图示方法）

3、还原中间面的中心块

中间面的还原需要一个面再接着相邻的一个面进行还原。首先还是先还原一个中心块的中间的3＊1的一道。

然后在未还原的三个中间面还原出相应中心块面的边缘3＊1的一道，再移至相应的中心块上，以此方式还原这个中心面。

然后进行还原此中心面的相邻中心面，首先还是先还原此中心面的中间3＊1的一道，为避免其他面被打乱，可用图示方式。

然后再在剩下两个中心面上还原出相应中心块所需的边缘3＊1的一道，移至相应中心面上，为防止已还原的中心块被打乱，可用图示方式。

为防止已还原的部分被破坏，可使用下列方式：U'F'中间层RU中间层R'

最后两个面的还原，首先先用以多还少的方式还原大部分（情况如之前提到所示），然后再用下列两个公式还原特殊情况。

4、还原顶面与底面的八大棱块

这一步与四阶相似，都是要先把3＊1的棱块的三个小块找到，根据图示方法使三个小块放到图示的位置。

再移动中间层的面，使三个小块合成一个3＊1的棱块，再将它放至底面或顶面的位置。

5、还原中间面的四大棱块

这一步使用的是四阶的公式，只是将公式稍微变形一下，具体情况如图。然后，最后会遇上特殊情况，解决方法如图。

6、至此，可将降阶的五阶魔方看做三阶魔方进行还原。

高阶复原要点

“降阶法”是还原高阶魔方的通用方法。“降阶”步骤及各步骤中的转法思路，均可应用于所有高阶魔方还原中。

高阶魔方，可以分为奇数阶与偶数阶。偶数阶魔方，与四阶魔方类似，因“中心块”相对位置不固定，所以在“还原中心块”时需要注意相对位置，且降阶后可能需要“特殊情况校正”这一步骤，将降阶后的“三阶魔方”修正为“标准情况”；奇数阶魔方，因“中心块”相对位置是固定的，所以“复原中心块”时较易，且完成降阶后的“三阶魔方”即为“标准情况”，不需校正。

总之，只要掌握降阶法的原理，所有高阶魔方均可迎刃而解。

异形魔方复原

异形魔方相对原始魔方的变化较大，但是原理基本上相同，一般都可以看成二阶或三阶的魔方，当然有些异形魔方还是比较难还原的。常见的异形魔方有六色五魔方、钻石魔方及金字塔魔方等，一起来看一下金字塔魔方复原教程吧。

金字塔魔方复原

金字塔魔方属于异形魔方，在结构上跟之前的三阶二阶魔方是完全不同的。但是，金字塔魔方还原的原理跟三阶魔方是有一些共同点的，一般是先预留黄色面作为底面，先还原黄色底面再还原其他颜色面。

金字塔魔方复原视频教程：【超级简单！零基础学会金字塔魔方！】 https://b23.tv/IbSq1au

1、金字塔还原的第一步

还原出一个黄色底面的“十字架”，上图三个黄色块就是金字塔“十字架”。如下图所示：

2、金字塔还原的第二步

金字塔底层公式：右下、左下、右上、左上

左下、右下、左上、右上

金字塔顶面公式：右下、顶右、右上、顶右、右下、顶右、右上

左下、右下、左上、右上、顶左、右上、顶右、右下

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"魔方又叫鲁比克方块，台湾称为魔术方块，香港称为扭计骰，最早由匈牙利布达佩斯建筑学院鲁比克·艾尔诺教授发明。魔方竞速是一项手部极限运动，玩法炫酷，来看下各阶魔方复原教程吧，这样的扮酷技能还不快来get？！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0yywQiMy2uIGy2HdkWHof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"复原字母示意","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuMWgKCE4ySWousC8IIIDAf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"复原魔方时，常常会用到各类公式，因此认识各个字母代表的意思非常重要。四阶魔方转动字母和三阶魔方转动字母是一致的，但是有一些由特殊的字母来表示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE6AiaQAu2G6k0yBuzAgyyf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":201,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"复原字母示意","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/36c04761243b4f53bfadc1e490045f34","width":431},"text":"","id":"doxcncUAKgs2iGYOyMzzFDVOmyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"单层操作：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQim2qEock2e2zMHTBYUzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"手拿一个魔方，对着身体这面的为前，前Front（F）；后Back（B）；左Left（L）；右Right（R）；顶Up（U）；底Down（D）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncAk6YeKGWgo8mIy7pzjUbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每个字母表示对应层顺时针旋转90°，带'的则是逆时针90°，后面加个2就是180°。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnacSWI0SsAQY4LCCMfwxRiS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如：U 顶层顺时针90°；U' 顶层逆时针90°；U2 顶层顺时针180°。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE6ikGiI2Q8G2Wgzg6YdPOd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":684,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"复原字母示意","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a752cfb2b14b491aaa84b25f8a5e0a85","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnyySGOq4OE0eKkRL3OcXNwg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":510,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"复原字母示意","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ede3c45811e04c0dbdcd22f11d0c5407","width":447},"text":"","id":"doxcnIkOogwMgm4sQwJij9qQjTc"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoaae2KkQMIqSqmYpdxfdDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"双层操作：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoaae2KkQMIqSqmYpdxfdDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"上面六个字母小写表示双层操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYiWkGy0oaqCKDJHqr7guG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"夹层操作：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSAyoWiciYAWaOoNJVwTFRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"左右夹层向下为M，与L同向；前后夹层顺时针为S，与F同向；上下夹层向右为E，与D同向。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuOGCUkoIUSuaopWMaa0ocb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":368,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"复原字母示意","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b76e675686cf4a008f3fad0e668762c9","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcnWmKO8GiKCqeyO6l0tvp9ye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四阶魔方特殊字母：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaAsskUYoyo8kM7UvOxQYgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶魔方特殊字母表示，如下图。其他字母，如x表示魔方整体向上翻90°；y表示魔方绕竖直中轴向左转90°；z整体面对自己顺时针旋转90°。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSgiIY6OOiyaW08VAlYsefF"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":555,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"复原字母示意","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5d10b7f8bc1c4ed7a1db8e4daacda8a0","width":446},"text":"","id":"doxcnGUGeA4CqQ2m6ApNdIVhfmh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":552,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"复原字母示意","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6ae8ad494a8149d296622be5d97e4f06","width":445},"text":"","id":"doxcnu6wQkEa8S2K4aIjUnZf26e"}],"text":"","id":"doxcncY8GW406GcUswOhlgQmOW9"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶魔方复原","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncY8GW406GcUswOhlgQmOW9"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"简介","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIKWqIGWucaiCE6GCGOt7dp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶魔方（Mini Cube），中文直译叫做\"口袋魔方\"，由彼得·塞波斯坦尼发明。二阶魔方为2×2×2的立方体结构，由8个角块构成，总共有3674160种变化。二阶魔方结构与三阶魔方相近，可以用复原三阶魔方的公式进行复原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsG0KW24YGikSmCTZAc6oAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶魔方复原教程视频：【二阶魔方教程~只要两个公式哟！】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/7btcXGd"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/7btcXGd","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn066WKeUy66sIIFvxH3jlye"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYwaiG8s0cQ8EQTGeMbVBWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶魔方的玩法分为三个步骤，分别是：1）还原底层角块；2）还原顶面颜色；3）调整顶层角块。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2SiICWs8I2ui6LOtP4TTHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"说明：图中灰色部分代表了该步骤中不相关的颜色，只用看标彩色的方块即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCa8so4OOyuuWGARUzbYr8c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":560,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/906fc2333fd040d2a32df0365f53b544","width":1065},"text":"","id":"doxcniUuuMqwkEceKgpA4w7a6ve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第一步：还原底层角块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmSgs4wumgyWm21NsTrE6Mb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"假设以白色为底，其他白色块只会有5个位置，这些位置要么是对称的，要么很容易变成前面的位置。如下图五种情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmGMWIkWIASIIg1NpnTiAic"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1438,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/85670d40eadd4f97a2526f8153a62e3b","width":4096},"text":"","id":"doxcnecyCikii6YWOUdaPVwB01g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、如上图中第一种情况的调整，只需要三步就可以完成了。如下图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIAeiMqCAaGQ0SUqa96hPOh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":811,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/90ff91e85fa94a6a952939cca17ba732","width":1038},"text":"","id":"doxcn2ki6iUUiouK0CZXYPTsE34"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、对于第二种情况，它和第一种情况是完全对称的，算法也是对称的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6qcs40UcOIsSQ8bKDJhlsu"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":843,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b045cb72f1e542bcb84661b509a1da89","width":1042},"text":"","id":"doxcnio8Kw0MEQuei8F8y9iy6bg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"针对这两种情况，可以看出：白色在右面第一下就转右面，白色在正面第一下就转正面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8OcaomquYEYMAxMiZsueVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、白色在顶面的情况，如下图，只要用一次公式RU就会变成情况1，或用一次F'U'变成情况2，然后按情况1或2处理就好了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0EAy8u2mgm64YjY7zmbcQf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/991050913a8245c9b17226c7fdd7f956","width":110},"text":"","id":"doxcnY8amKUe2KM8WMXl4ZmOkzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要注意：如果底层其他几个角已经还原好了，如下图，这种处理方法就会破坏已经还原好的某个角，所以要提前恢复角这个角的位置，具体方法如下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn40OKs6S4uwOqCqd5LSIBzg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1344,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/33815796f4c147b1a7d1ac873c65f4a7","width":1058},"text":"","id":"doxcnSQYOWyUu4IwAYR1WKMvyZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、另外2种情况白色是在底层的，只要对着他们用一次算法1或算法2就可以得到情况1或2了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCSWweKAykceAwBkp0BGDVg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":241,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ddeea9879ef047baafcf155c8a90ec9a","width":466},"text":"","id":"doxcna4Weae8eCWYSy25Bciyzbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMi46giMmgmEkgjkd4tl5vc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"白色向前就用算法2，先转正面，（F'U'F）U（F'U'F）；白色向右就用算法1，先转右面，（R U R'）U'（R U R'）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnko2i0GSG8C4Y461uI5VwGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"照上面说的，重复做4个角块，就可以做好底层了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn22uUuY6eWmOQsl47nnRPZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第二步：还原顶面颜色","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQyYQYiyeAueiSYO7HrCddg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这一步我们要还原4个角块顶面的颜色，而先不用管顶层侧面的颜色，把它们留到最后一步还原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOAkuUMEGE6yQSs8SIauHff"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e5e16e85bab94cab8e1af60e809d45ac","width":120},"text":"","id":"doxcn4Ga8S2gsWK88eY80RMaBah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们先观察一下顶层4个角块黄色面的位置，如果只有一个黄色块在顶面，会有两种情况，可以按下面的方法解决。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSyS2wOMyksaEKs8WikXPZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"情况1","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc2qmO4s4wsyoS0ZNN1Ryvd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d3612d37e0ce4bbc98184b6abb9b8a42","width":110},"text":"","id":"doxcnaS62qUWSiSqESEGu644sNh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":889,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8d15477e52994c4290ee54c207106ce2","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcnyC0Cyqm0CMwWkPW78MZlrg"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE2QEeEMQK620KAcoJrFbid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"情况2","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE2QEeEMQK620KAcoJrFbid"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3c5ae0019ca24a09a94b8b7ed74c15bd","width":110},"text":"","id":"doxcn4AeqeacO2qgaMFgeUcrNje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它是和情况1完全对称的，算法也是对称的，非常好记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAQqEWmc8Sa0AqKUoSZnm9e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":885,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/61e14ab7bdf74a1ab15398863eaa1afe","width":1037},"text":"","id":"doxcnqmaAoiS0ASeCWzEjqcO7Hj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"另外还有5种情况，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"不用记新的算法，按照下面的位置摆好，用上面的算法就可以解决；其中3种情况是顶面有2个黄色块，2种情况是顶面没有黄色块，下面是具体解决方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIQOE6AqEmSEEiMHyRy35oe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":935,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0dd7ff74cfc4481fae1b19c67cf0418a","width":1063},"text":"","id":"doxcn2o6Ssmmoy0uyYlz4Fjt9be"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"观察一下，可以发现除了情况6是先用公式2-2，其他几种情况都是先用公式2-1的，我们只要记住情况6的形态就好了，其它情况都先用一次公式2-1，再转转魔方的顶层就很容易得到情况1或情况2了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSQW4E0kCkOQ48lkoEVpRTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第三步：还原顶层角块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnosgYA4aoqWqUGaAZamKtCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这一步要将顶层4个侧面的颜色一次性复原，完成魔方的还原，只需要记一个新的算法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmu0wISw08AgSScMtPD16yb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ecc9449c7e624aea9597f09c6393d180","width":120},"text":"","id":"doxcn4o4MAOIaMMKgYRHq46O5Lf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"先观察有没有2个相邻角块侧面颜色一样的情况，例如下面的情况1或情况2。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu06eYYeYssmuKAmjjVHsef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"情况1","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOSuuwkmEaUAyw3ZZTRCJVb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/555a629190c94a89be3c1b9daafd4d3c","width":150},"text":"","id":"doxcnO4AkU8oQG4AYk10JK90upd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"情况2","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6uEYYkAgKEg0IDyIwOqJke"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1e1ae6a1e3274f0b9438bae43c7c39a5","width":150},"text":"","id":"doxcnwWIWUwEygq80ufk1xpyWbb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果有类似于上图的情况，就把同色的角块旋转到正对着自己的位置，再用这个算法R B' R F2 R' B R F2 R2，就可以完成还原了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKMYSeuwCeOIYeY2jb0OyDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"注意：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如果找不到这样同色的角块，那就对着魔方随便用一次上面的算法，用过之后就一定能找到了，然后再用一次这个算法即可还原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnweQCMkwwEeCsmUca9ZQuve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"至此，二阶魔方完成复原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6UMOQCISc8oOe8Xt0zbZnf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶魔方复原","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEWOSGkiWw6UWgTzzhHvEVd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"简介","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk8EwoIOsQgSk0wixLJ9pwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通常意义下的魔方，是指狭义的三阶魔方。常规竞速玩法是将魔方打乱，然后在最短的时间内复原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyYc4cqokE86C2Iv749lfZh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶魔方复原视频教程【三阶魔方还原基础教程！】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/DpnMj8m"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/DpnMj8m","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG0MEa0gyS0sSwx8gJwsyic"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0SEKA2kIQqmcC0jfLHH68g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶魔方复原总的思路为分层法，如下图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0AAiQG8eSGSKiiW9ygVcRf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":62,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/282cc69626974fab9f123df5c8f387e9","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnSk6IsEY4MW8omoc8NlTMIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、复原第一层四个棱块（在底层架十字，以白色为底）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIy4qI422kEmW8rVQJLumYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目的：使底层四个棱块的侧面与四个中心面的颜色一致（如下图1）。这一步简单灵活，不需要公式。但这里也提供了动图以供参考。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUWGgAIC6KWcwwZ0V2KLlof"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":142,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ca2d359ba1834eeeaf89e61b84bfe28a","width":270},"text":"","id":"doxcnqYks48m4g2kSSLRXTqICpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先拿到一个棱块，如图，这是最基础的情况，只看白色，只要一步就能把它转到顶面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneKEekqSEkw0wtOyH76zgC7"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9988352a6be148e883270466f4780df0","width":479},"text":"","id":"doxcnQkUcGcy82Kuq0iRredNNG7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当我们遇到的情况与这个情况不同的时候，就要想办法把未解决过的问题转化为已知问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk0USYkA4MqACsPchkpzUxh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0f099d8649fe45729c4cc5d5d319476c","width":359},"text":"","id":"doxcnC08mmY0gaMyCmGbk5aPb5b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2ada9367f8194f1e884cc6bb5c7a7019","width":479},"text":"","id":"doxcnkSmEukSIGEemq8wLy04oKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"时刻注意顶层完成的棱块别被破坏：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCWIM2qCusQWe2OuAzt7pb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ccc4f79d7e54c86a082b755d56ed46f","width":479},"text":"","id":"doxcnm8IKUAoQWwsugLdPhZ093g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们做十字不但要求白面有一个十字，其他面的跟白色相近的那个中心棱也要跟各面中心（各面中心颜色不变）颜色对齐。方法是：手拿魔方，白色十字架面朝下，旋转上面两层找对应各面中心颜色即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE4IkgA4cUgmaaCYKNsIjNU"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/96af7011160f4daab117cc5de1ba7b91","width":639},"text":"","id":"doxcniuGGe0sq2EqI0Eq5QlIpfh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最终如下图这样子即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGW8UMWIe0isUopKG1rkiog"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":957,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1cfb670c315d4c0a88d45c539c09a907","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcniSqwwKomSukcUvVQTJ2Nce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、复原第一层四个角块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6GYsWui2WIiKsfSvInuFAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目的：要使四个底角的各面的颜色与相应中心面颜色对应一致（如图2）。可归为五种情况，如图3~图7。图3和图4为基本形态，图5用公式后会变成图3形态，图6用公式后会变成图5形态，图7用公式后会变成图4形态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneWU2W6yuMEGaCsexZwL1Xd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关键：手拿魔方，白底十字架在下面，只看图中白色位置，只要白色方块出现图中情况，按照公式旋转即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0GQ0a8w6QW4agzjXzepL3f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":394,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/51fc025d11da4f5b844f925f2846caf1","width":442},"text":"","id":"doxcn8cam8amqOMoMAnHWTDQoec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"具体步骤示范：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng8isQ0uEeWOwK8RNXGTaxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"完成十字后我们将整个魔方翻转，使十字朝下。 角块按位置分为顶层和底层两类情况。每类情况中又可按角块白色面朝向分为指向上/下和指向四周两种。最基础的情况是处于顶层白色面指向四周。剩下的三种均可转换成这种情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGAwioowy2weeiO87lIemhe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"基础情况：顶层，白色指向四周。（图3、图4的情况）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAwokiww8QMCUSMmbVA9Pbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在顶层白色朝右时，R U R'（图4情况，白色归位）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOKY2O6YQGMikC4G1Mo4OGb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":381,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c55d7d32f4d4db1b3b78b3a208886a4","width":380},"text":"","id":"doxcn2MeykUAai2Me8mstLXLYtc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在顶层白色朝前时，L' U' L（图3情况，白色归位）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkqOwU2qMsS0IqjPyJR8R14"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":468,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/33e3673228cc42f5abda0a758de9bb7b","width":467},"text":"","id":"doxcnKUImGeaMEy0eKUebnjpLte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意角块的朝向。将角块放在目标位置之上，循环RUR'U'直至被还原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0uu6GEsW0Y2MGmNsCZe7Cb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"底层角块特殊情况","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyQK2SCIYUQCayEB7b4mEMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"角块不是顶层且白色朝外的一律算作特殊情况，都要转化为基础情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4kIQkUs8c4eG69WwUfDzqc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在顶层白色朝上时，解决办法：R U2 R'，即可转为基础情况","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2GUMIUIsI0mCAjAmE9lPld"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8bd527242f7943d78ba85a0bfdb38304","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcnYqiAeUga4aCygFDYUe5lCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在底层白色朝外，解决办法：R U2 R'，即可转为基础情况","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIEqg2eMigigYc1yVmc8Cfh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5d05cd1f435d45ab9a376335d8eeab66","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcniaqwqS6AEKmaq8IsT99inh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、复原第二层四个棱块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCooCEa604GUIwihOLglfJo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目的是使第二层的四个棱归位（ 第二层含四个中心块，这四个中心块是固定的，只需复原棱块即可）。可归为两种基本情况，当要复原的棱块在中层，可以先用","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"图8或图8","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"公式把他们转到顶层后，再用下面公式转法即可。（切记：对着图8，手拿魔方，出现图8情况，即可用图8公式。出现图9情况，即可用图9公式。）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncEiUWIaA6E6MC2EdadJrKd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":161,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eca5988078e84d009646cebf983a7cd7","width":454},"text":"","id":"doxcnCEQIMwGMOIa0K9M1IjqDmb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":660,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cbfdbbbe56dd41e9960a9ed8ca35cb2e","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnsAIUC4SAkGGE2BY51vCdxg"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEQKI2KwkcYk6ERkWJjEGse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"顶十字（以黄色为顶，完成顶层四个棱）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEQKI2KwkcYk6ERkWJjEGse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"俯视魔方，只看中心块和四个棱，只要顶层黄色部分出现图中任一这个情况（切记：手拿魔方，顶层看过去的黄色方块方向要跟图片某一种情形一致），均可以使用公式","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"FRUR'U'F","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"'在图10~图13中转换，直到出现图14形态（四个棱和中心颜色都为黄色）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYKGYKUiA6kw6g1P4I9wESf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":259,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/46691c9b2aba449b9b9a3ab67073737b","width":393},"text":"","id":"doxcnucUkK8cM2c4aAbWVO7Bdxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"具体示范如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSoYI64uWecW6uuDoVpdghd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"条形（图12）：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"转动顶层，让条形指向左右。再用FRUR'U'F'，如下图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIM44iEOCmKS4oNwXpXODhe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a73e9ef079142e3b04f4ddb305ba2e1","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcnYEgUoOUKg4qGopa8QjvKLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"折形（图11）：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"朝上的棱块一个放在后边一个放在左边，做一遍条形公式就可以转换成条形。所以连做两遍条形公式即可。此过程会出现F和F'连做FRUR'U'F'（FRUR'U'F'），相互抵消，故消去废步后的公式为：F （ R U R' U' ） （ R U R' U' ） F'（若记不住直接记FRUR'U'F'操作两遍即可）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngqUmQWiGGaQyAdBIuv5hed"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7cf81460db86447f956e8ed79bab91fc","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcnUG28qecQwYmmK439Iw5KUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"点形（图10）：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"点形做上述公式即转化为另一种二棱情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEYeaUEuYUics0QQkTHdECc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、完成顶面（以黄色为顶面）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCSCAQuMa8C4EuUgeA91LWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"俯视魔方，只看黄色方块，会出现下面8种状态之一。手中拿好魔方，顶层黄色出现下图各种位置时，只要黄色所在位置跟图中任一形式一样，使用公式RUR'URU2 R'在图14中转换，即可将顶层颜色全部变为黄色。（切记：手拿魔方时，俯视魔方，顶层黄色位置要跟图中一样，出现任何一种图中情况，用此公式即可。）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWg2We4soOY2gUp42gueBuh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":236,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c35d1bbae3a477997efbc757dc6932d","width":363},"text":"","id":"doxcnsqM2wai0kw0eUBJkfI2Awb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"6、","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"调整顶层4个角块位置，使其正确归位","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIyoSIu0suYKMQeAW6ki5q2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"方法一：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkquKiC2yoQ8OozxnEHjXVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"先调整角块位置：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"这一步要使四个角块的相对位置归位。观察顶层的侧面，看看是否有一个侧面是两个角块颜色都一样的（连在一起的相对位置正确的角块）。如果有，则将这两个角块放在右侧，做：R2 F2' R' B' R F2' R' B R'","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmWsQ66SsIeqEn1x5tIyAjP"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/514b92f2035a4d4ea6e0639e45e660f9","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcnsoOkYCEoWwCSqSkkeO6xBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果四个面都没有，做一次上面的公式就有了。另外不要被棱块干扰，角块没做完先不管棱块。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneO24mygqAYCCEda7baf9wc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"再调整棱块位置：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"调整项层4个棱块的位置，使其位置正确。顶棱情况依错误的棱块的数量分为两类：三个和四个。不存在两个交换的情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncIMOiS2qQ4waUnDVrxJYpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三个棱块依次轮换，让完成的棱块朝后，观察剩余三个棱块是顺时针还是逆时针替换，如果前面颜色对应的棱块在右边，对应顺时针替换：R2 U R U R' U' R' U' R' U R'，可完成复原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwmYKySYqA0mMGCs8uxlcnh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ae731f1eb7894276914881797e8b82d2","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcnsCoykuCGOCCc8Q815HoBBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前面颜色对应的棱块在左边，对应逆时针替换。可以使用公式：L2' U' L' U' L U L U L U' L，可完成复原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQskGqGsqSumws7DNnE3Eye"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/81f0fa271eac4f70955db8e6ae8bbe9c","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcnsiUWeOAM28OcOoNrS4Aixb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四个棱块两两对换：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如果前面步骤做完，到最后只是四个角棱块两两相对，跳过上面两个步骤，随机做一个三棱换即可转化为三棱换的情况。可用公式：M2' U M2' U2 M2' U M2'，可完成复原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY8KmMcg8AO8UCUo6XgU54b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e1eb8187507040c6be8c30ae3eeaa496","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcn8WQS8MoqeqSgO4E4bnyzRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"方法二：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"个人喜欢的方法，手拿魔方，俯视魔方，观察顶层四个棱的位置，使用公式F2U' （LR'）F2 （L'R）U'F2在图16中的五种形态之间进行转换，只要一个公式，整个魔方会被复原。（箭头表示不同颜色的方块互换位置，魔方拿法朝向没有要求，只要俯视图是下图即可，出现下列情行就用此公式，即可复原）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWIK0QYuqK6wOA7YRWuOJQz"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":193,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9d5cb1a5501441338f15cf851957dcd0","width":362},"text":"","id":"doxcnyamcsS6e6Ym02tC8CwWQIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"至此，三阶魔方复原完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEMKMCwCSywiqOwT2XWGLdh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶魔方复原","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUmQoWQoCe4Ye49XuGzPDSZ"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"简介","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuWmsyccyYaGYOs11H4Iaxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶魔方被认为是2-5阶魔方玩法中最不好复原的，虽然五阶魔方的变化种类比4阶多，但是四阶魔方的中心块并不固定，也就不容易复原。要点就是要记住各个颜色的相对位置，只有将中心块的颜色按正确的位置还原才能复原整个魔方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqOwiYw4iGkaYkVz3a3ojVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶魔方总共有8个角块，24个中心块和24个棱块。四阶魔方的国际配色是上白下黄、前绿后蓝、左橙右红。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn60cm8uC8kUgioxmJjCLfJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶魔方复原教程：【四阶魔方基础还原教程（入门降阶法）】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/7ODSD0a"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/7ODSD0a","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYIK4kKG0S0SI90DgBMHVh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGWyICiSgWkkgWM1B6zo2Qf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四阶魔方的复原根本恢复思路：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"调整6面中心块→组合12条棱块→处理特殊情况→恢复四阶魔方","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ8W26io6ywicIvUAm4lSec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般选择使用降阶法来恢复四阶魔方，即指将高阶魔方转换成三阶魔方的状态，然后依照三阶魔方的恢复办法进行恢复。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn86auUi2yiW80EvNIwmrbcg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":215,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d8ff71be9b824c6aaad8c9db289f356d","width":551},"text":"","id":"doxcn2uCyWEmISmU0MnH3wT6MHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、调整四阶魔方六面中心块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIEU6yGaGkgAKKwSts59DMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因为四阶魔方并没有固定的中心块，所以在进行这个步骤之前，必需要记住6面的色彩方位。下面就罗列出在拼中心块的过程呈现的8个状况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIOSsgGQeKKG4TAHYperbGx"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":299,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2c9a6fef36448578ad7434f311fe8ba","width":464},"text":"","id":"doxcn42OsUaC6wOUasPuEOlW8Ac"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":315,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a09cad9f87e04bc895d4f28fd27e5267","width":490},"text":"","id":"doxcnSsK4gAOqIYOGAdrrJOwLot"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":315,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a09cad9f87e04bc895d4f28fd27e5267","width":490},"text":"","id":"doxcnSsK4gAOqIYOGAdrrJOwLot"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":298,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a01dae075a8414996e3efd580bf6138","width":474},"text":"","id":"doxcn6i40wwYYS40y4S8wjhL1Ed"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":298,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a01dae075a8414996e3efd580bf6138","width":474},"text":"","id":"doxcn6i40wwYYS40y4S8wjhL1Ed"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":375,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8de72dcea08a487e83c8426248136508","width":481},"text":"","id":"doxcnEC0IwSGOEK0ioVGkgA7Q8f"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoaQYKgKieISUyEnH7EcQIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、合并12条棱块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoaQYKgKieISUyEnH7EcQIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拼好魔方的六面中心块后，接下来需要把24个棱块按照颜色相同的棱块两两合并来组合成12个棱块，这和三阶魔方状态是一样的了，最终效果如下第一张图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKOuEeIEgGAQGQj89PN09Ec"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":243,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ceb75d46eb784aefa7a144df14c3f868","width":444},"text":"","id":"doxcnyQUKMioKSq2UYzWthr9ZSc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":350,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67e411025ca64ffb8442e030239056ad","width":495},"text":"","id":"doxcnu6EYWOQUqEsC0ky0NEJdGc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":350,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67e411025ca64ffb8442e030239056ad","width":495},"text":"","id":"doxcnu6EYWOQUqEsC0ky0NEJdGc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":388,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/be0479b7a52d447f852b70c4d7bc9658","width":448},"text":"","id":"doxcnsGoEKg2KUym4G4HpUYLHYb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":388,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/be0479b7a52d447f852b70c4d7bc9658","width":448},"text":"","id":"doxcnsGoEKg2KUym4G4HpUYLHYb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":270,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3da3e20963524ec4bb4ca9e42d68317d","width":447},"text":"","id":"doxcnE6oy6yyK464qwTrcSDPLkh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":270,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3da3e20963524ec4bb4ca9e42d68317d","width":447},"text":"","id":"doxcnE6oy6yyK464qwTrcSDPLkh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":380,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c256f0f7241848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","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/vFljBK0"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/vFljBK0","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwIaMEyOmas84GSG9qI6MHg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncWWIwk8USSO2Y73kNEJs4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、还原底面中心块（以黄色中心块为例）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwwwI2y0wAKyEiCq6PByvle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于奇数阶魔方来说，还原中心块需要先还原中心的3*1的一道，如图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsskGoi6Ais6Q2nDjFY2Cge"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":581,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67caeab779cb4ffabfc137655a0f5380","width":617},"text":"","id":"doxcnKkeE0gCI800kcHeVhV264e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后再在中间面（除底面和顶面的四个面）上还原出3*1的一道，再移至底面，如图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiOUOKeyMCMIInMMIFzKFh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":610,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5d86613fd0be409d9ad15bf470a60716","width":593},"text":"","id":"doxcnsigQA0a8sEmCsrQjgtxv3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以此方法还原底面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqOUUg6eg82YmqKCMwNTb2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、还原顶面中心块（白色）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaoSeoUS2q2ge8DfLJdm5Sd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"顶面也就是与底面相对的那一面。同样要注意首先先还原中间3*1的一道。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY0yoYOC6syYkOwxeBAqthf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":619,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4ed17e1256c548c79d22efd820ed9f7c","width":626},"text":"","id":"doxcnCUOcymiYeCUkiyu9CBsLRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后再在中间面（除底面和顶面的四个面）上创造出顶面中心块的边缘3*1的一道，再移至顶面（注意不要打乱底面，可用图示方法）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSqewceYeuKe0cnGuDmELJe"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":752,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/919da73b3bca4fa6a4203d11be6c7cfa","width":650},"text":"","id":"doxcnoMeyYUIqaQQ8cBj26mZA6f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":711,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2608e9e906c24432a21ef94874f825ad","width":625},"text":"","id":"doxcngkmqEeMIaGUaWywVEo8Sbh"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSYK2OUIAIsI4e6aQ2iO9ae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、还原中间面的中心块 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSYK2OUIAIsI4e6aQ2iO9ae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中间面的还原需要一个面再接着相邻的一个面进行还原。首先还是先还原一个中心块的中间的3＊1的一道。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGoWGgESsSAq4AZpm9OmLad"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":582,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2c7f2fa702584f5185ab5fcd39a738f3","width":548},"text":"","id":"doxcnEiamIiAscM6AtpK7c2OCLa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后在未还原的三个中间面还原出相应中心块面的边缘3＊1的一道，再移至相应的中心块上，以此方式还原这个中心面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0SMMU6m6kgACSwew9fFuZc"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":552,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/045583746c684ad89a4fa19cc73f3701","width":578},"text":"","id":"doxcnMiKQkaQqomI0YjNSYVi3oc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":487,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/847af70ef33c4f27882a89826dac7a89","width":525},"text":"","id":"doxcneceYiyU4yeu0GS02HBBKnd"}],"text":"","id":"doxcns0wMEGQoMWQQQHasY6TWbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后进行还原此中心面的相邻中心面，首先还是先还原此中心面的中间3＊1的一道，为避免其他面被打乱，可用图示方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns0wMEGQoMWQQQHasY6TWbf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":651,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4c50f4f0242e49cd9979201361014e23","width":609},"text":"","id":"doxcnwIMmW8C6IAE2kvnPS419ui"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后再在剩下两个中心面上还原出相应中心块所需的边缘3＊1的一道，移至相应中心面上，为防止已还原的中心块被打乱，可用图示方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYaIssSouOgwWO6rw7Xn2ac"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":606,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c0240ceb4b9d43cca17071e2f4dffce4","width":616},"text":"","id":"doxcngQW2WYmqk2sColkStdqtee"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bb67dbfc10d244bea0bba8fff90118b4","width":561},"text":"","id":"doxcn44UO2kGwUk2GiiwWKURGEh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bb67dbfc10d244bea0bba8fff90118b4","width":561},"text":"","id":"doxcn44UO2kGwUk2GiiwWKURGEh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":637,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0d37e6e074bf451092bb30e83f4c6667","width":587},"text":"","id":"doxcnWGmWsWwGCoSQox6H3WbxSg"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOkS6QgOUwMW6yL0wjghX2N"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"为防止已还原的部分被破坏，可使用下列方式：U'F'中间层RU中间层R'","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOkS6QgOUwMW6yL0wjghX2N"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":561,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/602c1abb8d9b4bc1a19b50256a7fe6c2","width":590},"text":"","id":"doxcn664Ms0OueSocqSk8ES1Btg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":620,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1e5900a13a6448b3a0d9cd429ae05d26","width":648},"text":"","id":"doxcnAaIMO8eCy8kGyUPKtf70tf"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwSqY8s6W6GOSgZWNZcqKcd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最后两个面的还原，首先先用以多还少的方式还原大部分（情况如之前提到所示），然后再用下列两个公式还原特殊情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwSqY8s6W6GOSgZWNZcqKcd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":727,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/65e021e15f7a41a7bc7186e85581e4a0","width":657},"text":"","id":"doxcnG0a2GiouM6CQYhh6w5f2Dh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":689,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/51d6c5017e0c4bacb8c28d397e60c5f1","width":648},"text":"","id":"doxcn04CaGMW0aS2Eg1JD5bKQ2c"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAY42AeUqIS2AJ7yUdzMyO2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、还原顶面与底面的八大棱块 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAY42AeUqIS2AJ7yUdzMyO2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这一步与四阶相似，都是要先把3＊1的棱块的三个小块找到，根据图示方法使三个小块放到图示的位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuseCCIwQ2qm4aUr7n2Kejg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":689,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/506f4a7433464258ab9202061978e1e8","width":639},"text":"","id":"doxcniOoWsEeW4sOyQ93m2Aswoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"再移动中间层的面，使三个小块合成一个3＊1的棱块，再将它放至底面或顶面的位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqEiYmYYMiccsaC0FJDcpoh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/66bf2b65472540afbf6729c50576da59","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnQieSSi4U6YOYAHO7exO8eg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、还原中间面的四大棱块","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0uCQ2qyuwUyMEhMdSf0kid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这一步使用的是四阶的公式，只是将公式稍微变形一下，具体情况如图。然后，最后会遇上特殊情况，解决方法如图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn42Ws4OMqYoqYK8PHdS9wFe"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":557,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/54ef908152b44f789e469364193c9fb7","width":602},"text":"","id":"doxcn8umGiG8O8O4iiy7u4NaOlb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":419,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f97c0e05f11d4103b6c495a86f8df6d9","width":568},"text":"","id":"doxcnSw8K6gykA0cuMJWLHCOdPe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":419,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f97c0e05f11d4103b6c495a86f8df6d9","width":568},"text":"","id":"doxcnSw8K6gykA0cuMJWLHCOdPe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":401,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4eb38c0566284245b7d15d8a8f75ae8e","width":529},"text":"","id":"doxcno6E6g2swewyq0smixBQQRf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":401,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4eb38c0566284245b7d15d8a8f75ae8e","width":529},"text":"","id":"doxcno6E6g2swewyq0smixBQQRf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":371,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dc0b19b50f894596bd696f84a8b19d88","width":477},"text":"","id":"doxcnGG2KyySiew8QsB53JAMBgf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":371,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dc0b19b50f894596bd696f84a8b19d88","width":477},"text":"","id":"doxcnGG2KyySiew8QsB53JAMBgf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":699,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1040f8ea87084969a485c0c8b2c1faab","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcn4KCYcs0kIguaYX0mWjgBLb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":699,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1040f8ea87084969a485c0c8b2c1faab","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcn4KCYcs0kIguaYX0mWjgBLb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":693,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ec7d191b12154bb99f74d3b75d59505d","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnmimKS40gYcuaILIshiqfIg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":693,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ec7d191b12154bb99f74d3b75d59505d","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnmimKS40gYcuaILIshiqfIg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":432,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3e300921257d493184d8804aa9d1e22b","width":601},"text":"","id":"doxcnsEgEeeO4ciumWk3WhL6Vqd"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAOG68U8UU0EW3P1CoVo5zM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"6、至此，可将降阶的五阶魔方看做三阶魔方进行还原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAOG68U8UU0EW3P1CoVo5zM"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"高阶复原要点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6Us06UWGSEYA0Ek2mcx35e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“降阶法”是还原高阶魔方的通用方法。“降阶”步骤及各步骤中的转法思路，均可应用于所有高阶魔方还原中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqKoqYMu6gAIsmEIP0N1O4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高阶魔方，可以分为奇数阶与偶数阶。偶数阶魔方，与四阶魔方类似，因“中心块”相对位置不固定，所以在“还原中心块”时需要注意相对位置，且降阶后可能需要“特殊情况校正”这一步骤，将降阶后的“三阶魔方”修正为“标准情况”；奇数阶魔方，因“中心块”相对位置是固定的，所以“复原中心块”时较易，且完成降阶后的“三阶魔方”即为“标准情况”，不需校正。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSyYscqaQo2coH1GGNN3oEo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"总之，只要掌握降阶法的原理，所有高阶魔方均可迎刃而解。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneca26eU8Eiwqo93EJz14Bh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"异形魔方复原","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsYY0CgyYUuWKILM6HxxXKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"异形魔方相对原始魔方的变化较大，但是原理基本上相同，一般都可以看成二阶或三阶的魔方，当然有些异形魔方还是比较难还原的。常见的异形魔方有六色五魔方、钻石魔方及金字塔魔方等，一起来看一下金字塔魔方复原教程吧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2aoomGSWAqwYaeK1ud8VEg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔魔方复原","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMqg0MGoq4qQsOknem6qxGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔魔方属于异形魔方，在结构上跟之前的三阶二阶魔方是完全不同的。但是，金字塔魔方还原的原理跟三阶魔方是有一些共同点的，一般是先预留黄色面作为底面，先还原黄色底面再还原其他颜色面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWYQi68WKmsA6cG5b62cS79"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔魔方复原视频教程：【超级简单！零基础学会金字塔魔方！】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/IbSq1au"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/IbSq1au","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0miWcii6GOC4cfMUIxu40d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、金字塔还原的第一步","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuoUgU0WYIgiwAtzW1yCFde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"还原出一个黄色底面的“十字架”，上图三个黄色块就是金字塔“十字架”。如下图所示：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEQiWIs666s4AOQitjGJvcc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":503,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔魔方复原","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e2a183f8275f4c69aa667ff06835ff4a","width":635},"text":"","id":"doxcnGW2aEmsqccQyGAEZWGGUUx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、金字塔还原的第二步","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnweimuaWMKuKkYJ7KfPKCSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔底层公式：右下、左下、右上、左上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn24MEa6Yq0SiaK8V9eIp1t3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 左下、右下、左上、右上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEKqmCs6IkWEcM9Bvbp7Rlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":317,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔魔方复原","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5e89982d86fe42099af10e226877dde8","width":676},"text":"","id":"doxcnCSG6AEcoe0egkVxhh5Wxtf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔顶面公式：右下、顶右、右上、顶右、右下、顶右、右上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6GSCso8omSAMSo86O8dIAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 左下、右下、左上、右上、顶左、右上、顶右、右下","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8ugakoS2kSI0uCngWickAg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":228,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔魔方复原","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bdd7c1904e1e49729c91cb9fdac289fe","width":689},"text":"","id":"doxcnmmW2EIY88YCQYH4C0G1yWf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwwEIwOUYe6GG4aSSaK2neA"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

6. lx912工业温湿度计怎么设置

大部分人认为学画画，认为需要学3-5年，但其实不是这样的。

新手入门画画只需要从简单的线条开始练习，感受光影，逐步进行形状与体积的练习，便可掌握画画的基础。

下面让我们一起来学习吧！

如何准备工具

方法一：

纸笔

推荐使用铅笔、自动铅笔。

常用品牌：樱花牌、斑马牌。常见规格：0.5mm，0.8mm。

笔芯：辉柏嘉、樱花牌

橡皮：辉柏嘉、樱花。推荐用可塑橡皮，手感很好。

纸：用A4纸即可，推荐80g的，比市面上常见的70g的手感更好。

方法二：

数位板+台式机

1、数位板推荐型号：wocam672，wocam 4100

压感：数位板的压感是敏感度，压感越大，敏感度越好。压感2048可以满足入门级要求、4096可以满足职业级要求。

2、防摔绳，建议配套防摔绳，这样可以让你的笔头不容易摔坏。

3、台式机&笔记本：32位的内存，intel i5以上的配套即可满足需求。

方法三：

iPad pro

1、IPad pro有优秀的便捷性，可以替代笔记本电脑。10.5英寸即可满足需求。

ipad+ipencle，可以直接用户绘画；ipad+数位板，ipad当做显示屏，数位板可以当做绘制工具；ipad+mac，可以把ipad当手绘板使用，mac作为显示屏

如何画好线条

画好线条，是画画的前提。初学者觉得线条难画，是由于刚接触绘画，熟练度不够，画不好是很正常的。随着这量和时间的积累会慢慢变得熟练。我们接下来来学习线条的概念和功能。

可参考视频：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1KL4y1W726/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

第一步：

学会画素线

素线，就是没有变化，干净清晰的单线。素线的绘画，在所有绘画场景应用中都是最基础的一环。绘画好了素线，才能让观众看清楚画的是什么。

步骤1

学会定点连线

画线，本质上是对两个点的链接。因此，我们需要首先确定两个点在哪里。

现拿点 a 到点 b 举例，如果先预判的点 a 与点 b 知道他们的位置，那么就能很清晰的连接点 a 与点 b。如果确定点 a但不太确定点 b， 那么就会变成第二条线，杂乱无章。 如果既无法确定点 a， 又无法确定点 b，就会变成第三条线。这两条线都不够清晰。

因此，需要学会预判画作，确定点位安排。

拓展一下，画一个形状，就是从点 a 到点 abcd， 最终到一幅画的定点连线。所以想画好线条，乃至于想画好一幅画，都要先进行预判，确定画面中所有点的关系。

步骤2

用石膏进行练习

初学者要先从石膏几何体学起，因为他点位明确，结构简单，这种练习需要练习六十小时左右，基本上就可以掌握。

步骤3

长线条的绘制

长线条的绘画建议使用接线练习法。接线的是指先打好草稿，然后再一小笔接小一笔地去绘制短线段，最后拼出一条长线条，这个技巧要注意的是上笔的尾线要有笔锋，这样接线时不容留出破绽。

小贴士：

其他练习方法

三笔定型法：在初学阶段有很多人会有蹭线的习惯，三笔定型法就是强迫自己先看到点位，再去作画，一笔试错两笔纠正，三笔确定超过三笔，就需要提醒一下自己自己是否进入了无脑般的机械作画状态。

画螺旋以、定点连线、画气字。这些练习非常适合在正式开画前或者自己平时无聊时。 练习三到五分钟，久而久之，就会提升手眼协调能力，以及手部的灵活度。

第二步：

学会画线条的强调性

线条具有强调总结的作用。在同样一组线条中加强某一段了，就会让你注意到它。

方法1：

从外至内线分层法

步骤1，以这个人物举例，在素线的基础上先去强调外轮廓。

步骤2，加强外轮廓之后，你会发现手部埋没在了细节里，无法一眼分辨，那么就需要加强手臂轮廓，让他在重度的线条中跳出称为比外轮廓线细比竖线粗的二级线。

步骤3，按照这个逻辑顺序，接着往下做图。 从外到内，手臂的装饰肯定没有外轮廓和手臂重要，所以接着降级为三级线，直到最后剩下素线。绘画完成。

方法2：

线条的视觉引导

加粗的线条，会引导观众的目光，让他们去关注你想让他们关注的地方。

以画一个人为例，你的主视觉停留是在头手脚上，其次是关节，至于直来直去的手臂与腿部都是一晃而过，不会过多关注。所以我们的线条也应该多在这些视觉停留的点多做文章。首先肯定是将外轮廓加重，同时也加重转折处于关节处以及头手脚，以达到强调和视觉停留的目的。

方法3：

学会用线条提现光影

光的强弱与力量感，也可以通过线条的粗细来表现，比如在光强的地方和有张力的事物上，把线条画得细。一些受重力垂坠影响的物体，承受重力的位置笔触重一些。绘画时将他们组合运用，会让线条显得高级。

拿人物举例，在素线的基础上，去观察人体。由于上眼皮、鼻翼、唇线、下巴都有投影，需要加重一下，从而体现观感。另外脸部一些转折是骨头，比较重要，也需要加重强调一下。这样效果就会比素线稿好很多。

拿肌肉来举例，把膨胀的肌肉中间处，画得薄一点来体现肌肉张力。这是美漫经常使用的方法

第三步：开始正式绘画

步骤1：绘制线稿

这一步可以随意一些，大致画出你想要的形状。

步骤2：绘制精草

用三笔定型法去绘制精草。这一步要注意不要出现粗细等长的蹭线，不然等到绘画成稿时，无法确定哪一根是正确线条。动笔之前先动了三思而后行。草稿阶段要绘制完所有的正确线，才能算绘制完毕。

步骤3：丰富线的内容

确定了线的级别。首先加重了外轮廓、接着去加粗转折部分，比如裤脚的位置。再去加粗一下投影的区域，体现一下光感。画到这里，你的线稿基本就算合格了。

练习：线条临摹练习

平时适合临摹学习的画师，推荐爱德华吉顿、鸟山明以、金政基这三位前辈的线稿，基本上是万能线。建议临摹一百张以上。

如何画形状

第一步：认识形

简单地说，画形状是将三维世界通过我们人眼转化为二维画面写在纸上。绘画就是画形状。画面中的形并不只有我们所谓的客观物品，而是二维化的形状拼接。

视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1G5411n7dM/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

第二步：确定形

方法一：阴阳型

这个是一个万金油工具。我们可以把任何一个画面拆分为阴形，阳形，用这两个形状，来互相辩证画面是否正确。

方法二：九宫格起型法

将一幅画打上格子，在另外一个同样格子的图纸中，按照坐标一格一格的画，就可以把一幅画临摹出来。

第三步：画准形

步骤1：用阴阳型画法。画出线条，区分出画面整体的阴形和阳形。

步骤2：继续用阴阳型画法，用先大后小的原则，将大块的形状划分出来。

步骤3：用九宫格画法，开始绘制细节。找到鼻子、嘴角、眼角这些转折，画上定型点位。 画完转折点后，整幅画对比一下，调节一下相对位置，就得了准确的形状。

步骤4：把转折点连接成素线。

步骤5：补充上阴形的颜色填充，绘画完毕。

如何画体积

视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

在二维平面画出三维感的方法，称之为透视。严格来说，透视可以归类为数学。

常见的绘画中，会通过物品遮挡来表达体积感。

另外，近大远小也是常见的透视方法。

其次是，近实远虚。

最后，是近疏远密，如图。

第一步：学习什么是视平线

要进行绘画，首先我们要知道什么是视中线，视平线和地平线。

视平线，就是我们眼睛正视前方的水平线。

当视中线、和视频线重合时与我们的眼睛保持水平中立，这种情况叫做平视。

当我们向下看时，视线脱离视平线向下，这就是俯视。从眼睛处延伸一条直射于眼睛正在看到的场景。这条线我们称之为是视中线。

当我们向上看时，也就是视中线会跟着眼睛一起水平向上脱离视平线，这就是仰视、

视中线，是我们的目之所及，会跟着我们的眼睛变化而变化。视平线始终水平，位于眼部位置，它是界定仰视与俯视的一把水平。总的来说，视平线会将画面切割，视平线上便是是仰视。视平线下方便是俯视。

第二步：学会绘制一点透视

一点透视，又称平行透视。一点透视只能画出正面朝向你的一面，它是与你的视线平行的。

步骤1：画出视平线

我们要首先画出视频线，因为我们要确定一个方形平视还是仰视或是俯视，都需要我们的视频线作为标识。

步骤2：画出正面的形状

正面是不会产生形变的，因为它是正面对着你、如果你看到是一个方，那么它就是一个方。

步骤3：找到消失点

这个集中消失的点，我们叫它消失点，就像刚才演示一样，当你看到一个大正面对其他面都是慢慢消失一点

步骤4：连接点与消失点

连接消失点，画出物品的厚度

常用工具1：X工具

X工具的用途是用来找到方形的中点。如图我们看到方形a， 现在我们来看到对角线得到中心点b。 这样同理可用无限循环，找到每一个方形的中点。

在平面中相等，那么在透视中一样相等。因此我们在一个斜着的方形中画对角线，也可以找到在透视中的方形的中点。

常用工具2：N工具

如果我们想在透视中画出间隔相等的物体，那么就需要这个N工具。

步骤1：首先我们确定我们想要的间距，画出垂线，这就是距离最近方形的第一条边。

步骤2：先用X工具，连接原有方形的对角线，这样就找到这个方形的中点。

步骤3：从方形的中点，画出一条与透视线平行的线，与方形的边相交得到了点A。

步骤4：然后我们再从方形的端点B，延伸到点A，相较于透视线，得到了点C。

步骤5：从点C出发。画一条与透视线垂直的线，我们就画出来了两个完全相同的方形。重复如此，可以得到多个相同的等距方形。

在平面中可以这么复制，在透视中也同理。 因为连接点很像是字母N，所以称之为N工具。

小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范

我们来尝试画一个有许多柱子和吊灯的走廊。

步骤1：我们首先利用N工具来画柱子。确定了柱子之间的间距相同，可以画出多个柱子。

步骤2：然后用X工具来画等。确定每一点灯都在格子中间部位。

步骤3：接下来添加一些细节，就完成绘画了。

常用工具3：对角线消失点

我们在绘画固定大小的方格时，使用这个方法。

步骤1：确定视平线，与视平线上的消失点A。

步骤2：接着按照一点透视，连接消失点与方形的端点，确定方格大小。

步骤3：从方形画出对角线，延伸至视平线交叉，得到了对角线消失点B。

步骤4：从方形边角连接点 b ，得到了交叉点 c 和 d 。

步骤5：从消失点连接点d，且贯穿。从点 c 出发，横向平行画出平线线。我们就得到了在透视中完全相同的四个方形。

步骤6：重复这个步骤，我们就会得到无数个相同方形。

步骤7：间隔填上颜色，就画出了一个铺好的地板，我们可以把它翻转得到天花板。

第二步：两点透视

两点透视，特点就是我们人的视线不再和物体平行，而是物体总有一个转折角对着我们。

视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

步骤1：还是先画出视平线。确定消失点H和L。

步骤2：画出一条垂直线。从这条线的两个端点出发，向两个消失点连线，我们就得到了方程的两个侧面

步骤3：找到顶点R和K，与消失点点连接支线。R连接H，K连接L。 这样我们就得到一个完整的两点透视方形。

步骤4：其他角度均是如此。记住，所有的消失点都消失于 hl 两个消失点。

第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现

我们画画时，大部分不可能那么巧都是纯粹的两点透视、一点透视，大部分情况都会同时出现。一点透视和两点透视，一般都是共同同一条视平线。接下来我们来学习怎么画出两种透视同时存在的情况。

步骤1：画出视平线，确定多个消失点。一个画面可以有多个消失点，但是切记视平线要始终保持不变，且只有一条。

步骤2：按照上述教过的方法，画出多个不同的物体。

两点透视中的X工具

1、画出视平线

2、X工具却确定中点

3、连接中点与消失点，就可以平分长方体

两点透视中的对角线消失工具，与一点透视同理

示范练

第四步：三点透视

三个测试是应用在极仰和极的视角中。即是否有明显的抬头，或者低头的画面中。

三点透视，有三个消失点，会形成一个三角形。正三角形是仰视，倒三角形是俯视。

三点透视的特点

一点透视、两点透视的纵轴是垂直的，只有横轴在变化。三点和两点一点的区别在于，三点的纵轴垂直线不再是平行，而是相交于一点，形成了三个消失点。

N、X、对角线三工具还是同理、区别在于也是不再具有纵轴垂直线，而是全部相交于纵轴的消失点。

第五步，正式开始作画

步骤1：画出视平线

步骤2：应用对角线消失点画出地板

步骤3：画出人体脚底板的位置，按照透视来确定脚的位置，可以避免人物浮空或者空间错位

步骤4：接着画人体。把人体当做好几个几何体的组成，用N工具来确定人体大比例

步骤5：人体细节完善，画出线条、衣物、头发、包等。

步骤6：同理画出其他物品，如小轿车。

练习：简单几何体练习

熟悉透视之后，需要进行几何体多角度翻滚练习。

建议每天画一百个左右，坚持两周即可。如果你时间不对，也可以每天画10~20个，需要坚持2-3个月左右。

方形翻滚作画示例

十字方翻滚多角度作画示例

方和圆组合翻滚多角度示例

方和圆翻滚

练习：物体/物体几何练习

接下来我们把难度升级，物体组合练习。我们要将物体转换成几何体，接着再练习方形的翻滚一样，让我们的物体翻滚起来，练习多角度绘画强迫自己在脑中建立三 d 模型的感觉，去考虑同一物体不同角度的形状特点和体积变化。这样的组合练习也需要1~2个月左右（每天如果只有1-2小时，需要练习3~4个月的时间）。

推荐图书

视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aZ4y1k7ze/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

1、《像艺术家一样思考》

2、《透视画法入门》，建议整本通读，每篇都进行临摹

3、《贝蒂的色彩》

4、《FIGURE DRAWING》

5、《动态素描·人体结构》。通篇阅读，整本临摹。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CuIadOq46oeOswxayo7cKSUUn9f"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"大部分人认为学画画，认为需要学3-5年，但其实不是这样的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqhtwRKPfJbeqLc6Vcw3dBc"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"新手入门画画只需要从简单的线条开始练习，感受光影，逐步进行形状与体积的练习，便可掌握画画的基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2p4eK7DQc5WTJZmg40fB4e"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面让我们一起来学习吧！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqCAjosaqrs69QYog88Y8Td"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDX4wMoe1Yi6D6ttkJQlkrh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何准备工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWMOxKHqBaxC6ecgmCCiWYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntgCdwVm8ke5FPkoStp2glc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"纸笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnd9gTOkfB9uF9jtVG9orIyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐使用铅笔、自动铅笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJPmVfWydzgjrcqdKJLQHQ9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用品牌：樱花牌、斑马牌。常见规格：0.5mm，0.8","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"mm","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhJlo1CwjMcrSW9APzWXIj5"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":618,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3a22c3c8b19f40ea861909355be7530f","width":1780},"text":"","id":"doxcnERzNY5StM814GCj32d2Mze"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":610,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/73e99e0c0b7c47a9a2f50b67b70b2434","width":1658},"text":"","id":"doxcn8YmXouC54AokD30YNgkojh"}],"text":"","id":"doxcn02rNudrvvbB34maqtqMhIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔芯：辉柏嘉、樱花牌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn02rNudrvvbB34maqtqMhIc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":846,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0e9faec6c6644abb94d20923311d65ee","width":1018},"text":"","id":"doxcnUeP1t9ygiDhUFx4XWKscbc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":670,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8eee75e52c114193b8fc7fa44a78a623","width":784},"text":"","id":"doxcnLqHvVHqVUJZywkzAbu2mVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"橡皮：辉柏嘉、樱花。推荐用可塑橡皮，手感很好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2QQrlze2j5nw0nbk8OR73d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸：用A4纸即可，推荐80g的，比市面上常见的70g的手感更好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIEAxjjZQHxKODZHtjAHzeb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法二：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGYNGOzZv0BXraqbIRurwwl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"数位板+台式机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhr2FFGhWbt8f9PCruVRkxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、数位板推荐型号：wocam672，wocam 4100","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG8aWrBa6hg91Srj3IKrjNa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"压感：数位板的压感是敏感度，压感越大，敏感度越好。压感2048可以满足入门级要求、4096可以满足职业级要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhiZBA1lMJXELhpqF5cIFnc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":642,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法二：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/62198e45791a4266a1de64d201b28ea2","width":1436},"text":"","id":"doxcnvrVo2AyJkGrHtjAo2svr1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、防摔绳，建议配套防摔绳，这样可以让你的笔头不容易摔坏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKiTUpRUZWvJ3TinWypgFog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、台式机\u0026笔记本：32位的内存，intel i5以上的配套即可满足需求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6RFY8IWFWXb0p6YXY7jWpb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法三：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4NkCCtqWRvzeHWEdiPoIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"iPad pro","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoedH5QPr73Hgg6I8XgYYXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、IPad pro有优秀的便捷性，可以替代笔记本电脑。10.5英寸即可满足需求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3165CewvgsZCZ8NlFktRKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ipad+ipencle，可以直接用户绘画；ipad+数位板，ipad当做显示屏，数位板可以当做绘制工具；ipad+mac，可以把ipad当手绘板使用，mac作为显示屏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJgEqOL809qyI7RPsZyl9Fe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":538,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法三：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4b5888b45af249fd985fac38596fbf41","width":948},"text":"","id":"doxcnXNhAsGRmMjDBJjWsYyKRMb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画好线条","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIPMJWS4oKdn8ogTgyYf0oh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画好线条，是画画的前提。初学者觉得线条难画，是由于刚接触绘画，熟练度不够，画不好是很正常的。随着这量和时间的积累会慢慢变得熟练。我们接下来来学习线条的概念和功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpH0Shag5PSDth7RsJt1KOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可参考视频：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1KL4y1W726/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1KL4y1W726/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S6Modsqk2oekysxmyLbcQxSSnnd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmlHCCcEnrpkbBBHAXS9qph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会画","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"素线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7QVIPS3OfyuxgTsUXNyyMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素线，就是没有变化，干净清晰的单线。素线的绘画，在所有绘画场景应用中都是最基础的一环。绘画好了素线，才能让观众看清楚画的是什么。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5HLXZm732C6Lv7eJ5JmXcg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3upxtPqhc0w4pgs5iX0TSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会定点连线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYE0B5bP74CeJYm8j8NipSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画线，本质上是对两个点的链接。因此，我们需要首先确定两个点在哪里。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYVutbLBq3avmQ6TgsQ7N2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现拿点 a 到点 b 举例，如果先预判的点 a 与点 b 知道他们的位置，那么就能很清晰的连接点 a 与点 b。如果确定点 a但不太确定点 b， 那么就会变成第二条线，杂乱无章。 如果既无法确定点 a， 又无法确定点 b，就会变成第三条线。这两条线都不够清晰。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI2szzYWkLVm6M4m1lYE8Ze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因此，需要学会预判画作，确定点位安排。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniFqqeek4Mo9spsECjo1Goc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":730,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/da21593bdc784db9ad5be4c31578657b","width":1172},"text":"","id":"doxcne4lxsXWR7akIDtRth0b4nh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拓展一下，画一个形状，就是从点 a 到点 abcd， 最终到一幅画的定点连线。所以想画好线条，乃至于想画好一幅画，都要先进行预判，确定画面中所有点的关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn06s3oxHrDqGJ4uOdoSJlng"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/aecda2a4f7a54a4fb7a81a35aa2aafeb","width":1900},"text":"","id":"QYcCde4iUocI2ixKcIWcsIW0nme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPwCEu1XM0yjbESvgoiQVSg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnv7ItulnBamq8ZXEg37KkWc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTRPBubLlV8h31md4b2NO5d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"用石膏进行练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9hBoxRSb3HztTM9DXZ4O1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学者要先从石膏几何体学起，因为他点位明确，结构简单，这种练习需要练习六十小时左右，基本上就可以掌握。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjyV26GXOq5xB98jeIMLcah"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c1474d85788545acbd6b9d1486a4f305","width":1900},"text":"","id":"PSeAdggGqo68MgxSiX8cOx5Vn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWlO0iDq7zfVWtwtVeFv0rk"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntCQnNUlWZlZhtTb5iPQVwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"长线条的绘制","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCsGKR2X3Jeve6c0DPO0I9a"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"长线条的绘画建议使用接线练习法。接线的是指先打好草稿，然后再一小笔接小一笔地去绘制短线段，最后拼出一条长线条，这个技巧要注意的是上笔的尾线要有笔锋，这样接线时不容留出破绽。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3O8JNYXQKRA1vSPzUNevEg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/859b198df7ae4c19a78753d7574f411f","width":1900},"text":"","id":"W8K2dUsSOogssOxYrAZcgwqoncf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQOEjEbAHrd4ixWGj5OGKab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"其他练习方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng1eMXLE921t8HsKK5RykGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三笔定型法：在初学阶段有很多人会有蹭线的习惯，三笔定型法就是强迫自己先看到点位，再去作画，一笔试错两笔纠正，三笔确定超过三笔，就需要提醒一下自己自己是否进入了无脑般的机械作画状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsLhjEWwKUxkrBG7isn7ELh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d64d184338fa482794f55d5d5c254847","width":1900},"text":"","id":"JIYwd4saYoyOcOxbyJNclXBWnKx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画螺旋以、定点连线、画气字。这些练习非常适合在正式开画前或者自己平时无聊时。 练习三到五分钟，久而久之，就会提升手眼协调能力，以及手部的灵活度。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn75BSzbncQ7EfjuqKDpjPcd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ab71b3e88614b81a2fef2d986ae4983","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Ra0sd8KUUoguIyxmyRdcwWtsnqh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/11f54b01dc6e4baf8c8204a6ff6b0782","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Km8Edm0I4oWmAQxOiincE2Fmntg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/11f54b01dc6e4baf8c8204a6ff6b0782","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Km8Edm0I4oWmAQxOiincE2Fmntg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e00653ec71764b2d8e5b0aabef5fd09c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Ew20d6As4oKqSaxY7zWcw2IBn1c"}],"text":"","id":"UQOcdU8qSoCUGaxgVAPc1dErneO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UQOcdU8qSoCUGaxgVAPc1dErneO"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDS6DrilGnJuB38zB84z1kc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会画线条的强调性","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmMlJsWlP321PRSvxS7A5Ge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"线条具有强调总结的作用。在同样一组线条中加强某一段了，就会让你注意到它。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQEN5C0IFiQ1rW6hHUrbP6e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法1：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQko8DAkqiiSGcddElCOWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"从外至内线分层法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMottVWR4ogcs0mrxn9ncXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1，以这个人物举例，在素线的基础上先去强调","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"外轮廓","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn253ghDRZdQhUZUjWpzlGMW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2，加强外轮廓之后，你会发现手部埋没在了细节里，无法一眼分辨，那么就需要加强手臂轮廓，让他在重度的线条中跳出称为比外轮廓线细比竖线粗的","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二级线","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRdYp8yjRl7uj4ReoS8D4ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3，按照这个逻辑顺序，接着往下做图。 从外到内，手臂的装饰肯定没有外轮廓和手臂重要，所以接着降级为","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三级线","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，直到最后剩下素线。绘画完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRrnIfXLI7ZIWBPWCTcJKhe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法1：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7bbfb71cc616414e8bbabab65e22a373","width":1900},"text":"","id":"FKmydC8QcoQqwgx7yeVc043gnHP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法2：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7dNLLaS6d4sGu2fOGxni3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"线条的视觉引导","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnptIRRefu5irwrseR9tinKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"加粗的线条，会引导观众的目光，让他们去关注你想让他们关注的地方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWG8Z4Og9HcV3qYdyCJOq1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以画一个人为例，你的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"主视觉","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"停留是在头手脚上，其次是关节，至于直来直去的手臂与腿部都是一晃而过，不会过多关注。所以我们的线条也应该多在这些视觉停留的点多做文章。首先肯定是将外轮廓加重，同时也加重转折处于关节处以及头手脚，以达到强调和视觉停留的目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndYDkmnTkOAUL9DiPpoRUwg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法2：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/102d5f8660294705a07c2f09898cd82e","width":1900},"text":"","id":"OGMkdKqKkoi0cIxIZfyc8d63nhc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNmTodJWXnl1e2i7lDatCsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会用线条提现光影","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYN4oTRlPhAE3RnqMPmPFaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"光的强弱与力量感，也可以通过线条的粗细来表现，比如在光强的地方和有张力的事物上，把线条画得细。一些受重力垂坠影响的物体，承受重力的位置笔触重一些。绘画时将他们组合运用，会让线条显得高级。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFJvB6N8GQQGsTDhYkQWo7e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":670,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8d5c2038252246939af149a77af0f34a","width":1164},"text":"","id":"doxcnWleCxZi1OdgW5YTG5AmyYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5O5n8CiPYgQUWRwq92Ut4c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":544,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a27bcae5434456186ea43a50e9c8136","width":964},"text":"","id":"doxcniWRJ0owz1YvutXbOOnxmtg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":936,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cd1e9eb2a1434c86b71a733c751b52dd","width":958},"text":"","id":"doxcn5PWezIKsaIIjozTiBZO0oe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":746,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/580461fa883841578f0941ad514707ce","width":1832},"text":"","id":"doxcnqc4ajvS5pt8E5RppNEx80d"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx5je3YmzcxdDnfrJAe69Rb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx5je3YmzcxdDnfrJAe69Rb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拿人物举例，在素线的基础上，去观察人体。由于上眼皮、鼻翼、唇线、下巴都有","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"投影","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，需要加重一下，从而体现观感。另外脸部一些转折是骨头，比较重要，也需要加重强调一下。这样效果就会比素线稿好很多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZWnlKETFNeWZXwjihMA1lh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0508fa7fc99a4b9e9c0fc0b164d0c02c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Fa22deAWeoyKqkxeIXic4xjlnFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拿肌肉来举例，把膨胀的肌肉中间处，画得薄一点来体现肌肉张力。这是美漫经常使用的方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR2g0huA4yHYrZnE7qzTQcG"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b25ba6f409954ecda857840ec589fc9e","width":1900},"text":"","id":"P6MAdoseSoMue8xCibscub1wnse"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：开始正式绘画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBFwi8VpHqn6bWqFRm5eTrb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：绘制线稿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfyN8VNRc0m847788RigoFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这一步可以随意一些，大致画出你想要的形状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaQ23GSoymLCFhy9y3FV6Gh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：绘制精草","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnri6fol2oRgyTbopTrryqzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用三笔定型法去绘制精草。这一步要注意不要出现粗细等长的蹭线，不然等到绘画成稿时，无法确定哪一根是正确线条。动笔之前先动了三思而后行。草稿阶段要绘制完所有的正确线，才能算绘制完毕。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFJQnvo53qbTjVXsddxSXUb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：丰富线的内容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPTFp6xQnBOCJaghxazJGEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"确定了线的级别。首先加重了外轮廓、接着去加粗转折部分，比如裤脚的位置。再去加粗一下","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"投影","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的区域，体现一下光感。画到这里，你的线稿基本就算合格了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq5NZH4AstNLFU1X1bubvLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DwuQdS46goocUCxgD3Xc7Q0enNe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":984,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：丰富线的内容","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/32c54bbf585d4734ad0e5e326357833f","width":1784},"text":"","id":"doxcny8D9IFSWUNZYweGy63bKBc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：线条临摹练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGSGwwNR6HJtFo70ir5eyib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平时适合临摹学习的画师，推荐爱德华吉顿、鸟山明以、金政基这三位前辈的线稿，基本上是万能线。建议临摹一百张以上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHTE4jtGSspClSuo0w8KfWc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":936,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：线条临摹练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/432b738bef504a6b928039cbaf89c162","width":1578},"text":"","id":"doxcnWP7Mfuar7FGFSTMbnLWkGf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR2DqUoQRO8weH3vcCRaU4f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画形状","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnP7UNLSEwT8AGfEOZ0jRwve"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：认识形","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8y5ZJmFPv3yYCaaXWj0eBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单地说，画形状是将三维世界通过我们人眼转化为二维画面写在纸上。绘画就是画形状。画面中的形并不只有我们所谓的客观物品，而是二维化的形状拼接。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpjINqFRyEEcoWgNo6ZvXFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1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画完转折点后，整幅画对比一下，调节一下相对位置，就得了准确的形状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE2xBh570iGPgdwXmu2Mwue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：把转折点连接","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"成素","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWoWzGvFwr9HMOKGI5I0fBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5：补充上阴形的颜色填充，绘画完毕。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneffRH5HA5daVdWT3O5Yvgz"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":912,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：画准形","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b1e1597935fc47669dc22fc95274b4b4","width":1764},"text":"","id":"doxcnjAPDAb2lnKDU59Fnh1f8ec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOn8McpULDUS3cuhOR4WpDc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAUnmDgBaHvkpJdeTsw6KDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JcmadesgMoyKWOxu8cKcpzv5njb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在二维平面画出三维感的方法，称之为透视。严格来说，透视可以归类为数学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOWRt9jCGXINl2fdR8gcoBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常见的绘画中，会通过物品遮挡来表达体积感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXBIKnsHp6PsyHXMqKlTi5e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":924,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e09bb13f16e049309252cdb64fc1db14","width":1834},"text":"","id":"doxcncCK9CeKLdc45LrFwzYZNSb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":956,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d979092b1b594918ba8c82515552e52a","width":1708},"text":"","id":"doxcnnPUun3hTXFRLEZR2fXGGBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另外，近大远小也是常见的透视方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnv7cpg9DgdR8Snt3zISE2Xc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":802,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/85a6662dbd08431f894732d840ced988","width":1522},"text":"","id":"doxcnaI3FPtoGflxcqiNHKw2JOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其次是，近实远虚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk1NzxQrkaJE4yqpRHrJLch"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":986,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/432038b07c9e4330894ff18a79e74777","width":1766},"text":"","id":"doxcncAW9SESTQMw9mcpX2nyNuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最后，是近疏远密，如图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMlrr6exfpvUUl9jFt8uCrb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":796,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/93b104139dc84e41a92f8c9dcaf50fc2","width":1536},"text":"","id":"doxcnpxmbBicmkBUlzgF9a0uFOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn55FFcubKJaOtdd6mCspkbe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaVisobxoO9DfBSCiPsjaXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要进行绘画，首先我们要知道什么是视中线，视平线和地平线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlaW65TeotfHRdnq2qsLBjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视平线，就是我们眼睛正视前方的水平线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR95QaxF3KKi7LFe2tHWXUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当视中线、和视频线重合时与我们的眼睛保持水平中立，这种情况叫做平视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkc7RHIPcqK5J9VaMBZ2nyg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":934,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/16ac05e64a514f9f9a80a684c158e620","width":1876},"text":"","id":"doxcnKmvZId33H19PU6R2MWuUrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当我们向下看时，视线脱离视平线向下，这就是俯视。从眼睛处延伸一条直射于眼睛正在看到的场景。这条线我们称之为是视中线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaAEJuEF48WG9vgFnpEIjnd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":782,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/675baa2196aa4d9c8214e7682bf7a5b3","width":1828},"text":"","id":"doxcnA7Wg6Dd2oofvNRQPmaNCy5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当我们向上看时，也就是视中线会跟着眼睛一起水平向上脱离视平线，这就是仰视、","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2LunGZaPwqWk3l9T3QHm1c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":916,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d904eb50f2c44705921d92f72487f83f","width":1790},"text":"","id":"doxcnAl7ORH7ltBfROQVCIwsLCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视中线，是我们的目之所及，会跟着我们的眼睛变化而变化。视平线始终水平，位于眼部位置，它是界定仰视与俯视的一把水平。总的来说，视平线会将画面切割，视平线上便是是仰视。视平线下方便是俯视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhPXYiRXGmH5zOirtERR3Bd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":904,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9530dda7521f4c559710dc1db8550bed","width":1458},"text":"","id":"doxcnkwGwQtBg6v4IHNx5J8xKEf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：学会绘制一点透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngVTUHmFyTnJ8w5qUORfJ2f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":906,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：学会绘制一点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6128873f46034c51b05ec16342ef406b","width":1654},"text":"","id":"doxcn4kMjL8euNUkrc1DQJtMLRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GayudQmqQoGgwOxuMF2c6HD8nob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一点透视，又称平行透视。一点透视只能画出正面朝向你的一面，它是与你的视线平行的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnipbmLlXFDwpvEVhrECcO4e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：画出视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbaOwjjbyhCjKSOQob46Fyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们要首先画出视频线，因为我们要确定一个方形平视还是仰视或是俯视，都需要我们的视频线作为标识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnctRqD2HdXEHFPYvat02qBh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：画出正面的形状","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ9MRy23VNni7eSImBbw3yb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正面是不会产生形变的，因为它是正面对着你、如果你看到是一个方，那么它就是一个方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2GedoGeHdHaziCm5T9rxVd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：找到消失点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnD3PrC0wi5ECTRnI90FGcob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个集中消失的点，我们叫它消失点，就像刚才演示一样，当你看到一个大正面对其他面都是慢慢消失一点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTbJC0o2YZLTWIEQmBtLurC"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：连接点与消失点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzlvd1VXYURilzjYofYZ0Lb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"连接消失点，画出物品的厚度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbs4ygHhFGDiSScPhtk4bQf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：连接点与消失点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/391f8e2400754ff68a68a90f4e5bcf14","width":1900},"text":"","id":"MwOyday2IoGOWCxk1c9cjcI1nub"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWKQBLa5IPVWmJ6KC9LkfLf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具1：X工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXnmi8tI8hqQxA85x2QqbId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"X工具的用途是用来找到方形的中点。如图我们看到方形a， 现在我们来看到对角线得到中心点b。 这样同理可用无限循环，找到每一个方形的中点。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnThbyvwwaDqL3nWU9fj9eac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在平面中相等，那么在透视中一样相等。因此我们在一个斜着的方形中画对角线，也可以找到在透视中的方形的中点。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0RdYuJ49ZSKdZB5kRW4Rjf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具1：X工具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/023e2769a1cd448ebdd12d286213ecf0","width":1900},"text":"","id":"UOkod2mwWoumSkxiw2wcYYdwnTb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具2：N工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn19zUExyW6bcBe4GdI70UIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果我们想在透视中画出间隔相等的物体，那么就需要这个N工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3z5kWk6oP6X8b4tc2UA6uf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：首先我们确定我们想要的间距，画出垂线，这就是距离最近方形的第一条边。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFWVX7BDX9SPdc1n08lbREg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：先用X工具，连接原有方形的对角线，这样就找到这个方形的中点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQZzi3KgqkcHZzFI8cbT43"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：从方形的中点，画出一条与透视线平行的线，与方形的边相交得到了点A。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnksuspRImMzxpiG6UR0FVwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：然后我们再从方形的端点B，延伸到点A，相较于透视线，得到了点C。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl2NkFLefCKPdaveHsJ1Guf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5：从点C出发。画一条与透视线垂直的线，我们就画出来了两个完全相同的方形。重复如此，可以得到多个相同的等距方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneJTW9Y9FQfTQt0kN44dnDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在平面中可以这么复制，在透视中也同理。 因为连接点很像是字母N，所以称之为N工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrJcgFoiGnv81eNMcFbItZc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具2：N工具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/928994deaccf48729156cb827f61d872","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Gyoed4G2ioQ6wSxidhrcYVOXn1x"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAOoCH7T8x1miUwaGISKE5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们来尝试画一个有许多柱子和吊灯的走廊。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxpLVJ4pbTgkQkHT6V8415f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：我们首先利用N工具来画柱子。确定了柱子之间的间距相同，可以画出多个柱子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5nJx77DLNQCjEEApKqqtJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：然后用X工具来画等。确定每一点灯都在格子中间部位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnh0BaVzIxlzxHTzIm4lNk9q"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：接下来添加一些细节，就完成绘画了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVu7UHpbUZzjThbidK3LWke"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6dfdb2673c234abb8f8a68beca5bc927","width":1900},"text":"","id":"AA4Uduy6eo2migxiWeDcTsEfn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具3：对角线消失点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniypOVvW1ELhsN25lwk11Pe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们在绘画固定大小的方格时，使用这个方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDSdnjr64EKxLWyeqAaV6JL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：确定视平线，与视平线上的消失点A。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRa0gsRVuQ56iEzn4tXxeZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：接着按照一点透视，连接消失点与方形的端点，确定方格大小。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncQp5vyb1SJevU3lZ1ucMsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：从方形画出对角线，延伸至视平线交叉，得到了对角线消失点B。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE0n2zGHzU1An7uLp1kF7Td"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2d94ca0fb8a64cb899b22752f805e1f6","width":1900},"text":"","id":"DWQydGKMwoaGIQxqQv1cLCK4nfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：从方形边角连接点 b ，得到了交叉点 c 和 d 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9LQwZbAxDXUZYpXiBqbSlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/efa67ace8c3545e4a1c56ece5bf56ffc","width":1900},"text":"","id":"XYC8dyeagoumAMxQlr5cYMPrnng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5：从消失点连接点d，且贯穿。从点 c 出发，横向平行画出平线线。我们就得到了在透视中完全相同的四个方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyghQUvDcai0py5SOi6sy5f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/58abb58b470448beb7695e931ddf1441","width":1900},"text":"","id":"QaYEd6Q4wok8CExgRWScUEeoneb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤6：重复这个步骤，我们就会得到无数个相同方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMJsJFaYE4wbjJLG8I8Hn6b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c281039039f4b70beff60e9c461d6ac","width":1900},"text":"","id":"CK8udIaAuo4KmOxI1ctcDfQ3nrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤7：间隔填上颜色，就画出了一个铺好的地板，我们可以把它翻转得到天花板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmCBXDQmTrMms3thtmKAG0c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/19f912dd5abd426ca25b949d2f8e9b63","width":1900},"text":"","id":"D80Md6Iw6oWs4cxcNnrcO0wXnwc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：两点透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyLdU88lzjOebFTKjCKrcKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两点透视，特点就是我们人的视线不再和物体平行，而是物体总有一个转折角对着我们。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn03fLBh5PMIdBbKPOl6RMhK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GGmUdi8cAoSigCxS7kicByeVn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：还是先画出视平线。确定消失点H和L。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1ZH6fXsDiz8pPngSr7Vkgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：画出一条垂直线。从这条线的两个端点出发，向两个消失点连线，我们就得到了方程的两个侧面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4jiKUdjixKQHs82x5aKIyb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：两点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/06635c29d27a4e51a8cd3bf81ff43053","width":1900},"text":"","id":"EiAYdy8MEoOEcaxKu1ScrquJnuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：找到顶点R和K，与消失点点连接支线。R连接H，K连接L。 这样我们就得到一个完整的两点透视方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkicBfETLwdFN0vZK2DxNOd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：两点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2aa2b433484f4e7db2ad8fae40d04c1d","width":1900},"text":"","id":"GYwmdeIK6oeIcgxIDWZcFvlOn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：其他角度均是如此。记住，所有的消失点都消失于 ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"hl","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" 两个消失点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnf3d7VTyEnHkTTSGuPn69rb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":938,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：两点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/40e7d5758a284a3eb323111e6d62b436","width":1750},"text":"","id":"doxcnRiLe66Tlw3C2FCLPz7tyub"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw7RQEX37mL5zr9P384Psae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们画画时，大部分不可能那么巧都是纯粹的两点透视、一点透视，大部分情况都会同时出现。一点透视和两点透视，一般都是共同同一条视平线。接下来我们来学习怎么画出两种透视同时存在的情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnykzuvOnE63BvVNMv574hMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：画出视平线，确定多个消失点。一个画面可以有多个消失点，但是切记视平线要始终保持不变，且只有一条。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQxbJmSkhdVcsHKdIzx0wEF"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":846,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d205a0aaaf9f4d62912aa57c380df639","width":1888},"text":"","id":"doxcnEwmdLaTbyQBTOAFNDCcnef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：按照上述教过的方法，画出多个不同的物体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl39FRhaLt1vDwCWWIyjoeh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e4520eca4cdb4b1b925112d0626cd308","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Sc2gdcSk4o6ggoxkHa2cJ7lCnXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两点透视中的X工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnr0cE2KuuzNDxh7A3kL5meg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、画出视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKNYjM3H2YmNvJlSGvq9yFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、X工具却确定中点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaOdQRRYnBmh7ug8JbRqyVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、连接中点与消失点，就可以平分长方体","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwGagMcv1NvXHQq8loJ9Rlg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2c6ae11b265486183c0cfe74543362a","width":1900},"text":"","id":"KEkQd64Soo2W2SxyQTDcQrdfnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两点透视中的对角线消失工具，与一点透视同理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjT1JH5tObJIwHV0HN13lQe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"示范练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsvDndyV6MWVsg0RvnM79Yc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dbea501642e040a39b14b49710bacc17","width":1900},"text":"","id":"W028dwOA4oWIUWxVzF8cEl9Enpt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkjL8coq1hDzK0KfYd7TMhb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntX24R3SHBmhHHKjV2O3snh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三个测试是应用在极仰和极的视角中。即是否有明显的抬头，或者低头的画面中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoVHcQx5AUDJnzaAep0TqPg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1074,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/afa3da1009434ae8af088cf445ac2aa8","width":1844},"text":"","id":"doxcnsaAjhKuSgnxRsQxke5xJ8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三点透视，有三个消失点，会形成一个三角形。正三角形是仰视，倒三角形是俯视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNXUBoNdk1XbZhJ3MbyRaEf"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8028724b1bd94131acaefdcb8f142002","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Sm4od2i4IoOIIqx4lX9cdTS6nFh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/395dff0d62014267ae7ce7c14c53bdc8","width":1900},"text":"","id":"CI6Udm0WQoiaoaxqsdvcheV4nEc"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetzuTlsOEA7m0qeqEglgce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三点透视的特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetzuTlsOEA7m0qeqEglgce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一点透视、两点透视的纵轴是垂直的，只有横轴在变化。三点和两点一点的区别在于，三点的纵轴垂直线不再是平行，而是相交于一点，形成了三个消失点。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCTzPqAlgP2KeooEag93Dbf"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1038,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/02b2b0b8f6de49589d0cf8ac43f8b435","width":1870},"text":"","id":"doxcnX2yglNzwXK7O6cJbDeUxSe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1016,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8b5d5538dc8642069d2e88fa70485f0f","width":1898},"text":"","id":"doxcnYPZO4S0JeMfVccFgH8sJ2e"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS1aQPbKYltUXKGTzSOI6od"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"N、X、对角线三工具还是同理、区别在于也是不再具有纵轴垂直线，而是全部相交于纵轴的消失点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS1aQPbKYltUXKGTzSOI6od"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/73483b1ad7ef4770afb35155e20d099e","width":1900},"text":"","id":"YcUwdW84koeMi2xcTUwcbGqfnpg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67b17c0d506c4747b9ff14d6e7149de7","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Doi4d0kqmoI6SUxKCZUcl08Onlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67b17c0d506c4747b9ff14d6e7149de7","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Doi4d0kqmoI6SUxKCZUcl08Onlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/57a9efd722d34cf88d7bb243aaa6f35c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"EysAdkWGgo42yIxEhctcpyYDnLc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/57a9efd722d34cf88d7bb243aaa6f35c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"EysAdkWGgo42yIxEhctcpyYDnLc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/672f313c3cdc460b8e1e2088f69b26ef","width":1900},"text":"","id":"OOusdS6QUocqMixQ9Odc3vXEnZc"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZrwVAvSIpwmKv0yfazaUof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第五步，正式开始作画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZrwVAvSIpwmKv0yfazaUof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：画出视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1KudFO4DbK3rlqBtibmDVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：应用对角线消失点画出地板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntGD0EKeCxmMYS50RY8HLgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：画出人体脚底板的位置，按照透视来确定脚的位置，可以避免人物浮空或者空间错位","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnORw0vYXPl0d33TvYpjEQLj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：接着画人体。把人体当做好几个几何体的组成，用N工具来确定人体大比例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndZejGfg2BM2RIxs8nBjcTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5：人体细节完善，画出线条、衣物、头发、包等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2SO3C2QaJC7p4tk7ecd8Be"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤6：同理画出其他物品，如小轿车。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnesKjpZnwcNBTGFgLQEtKkg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1012,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第五步，正式开始作画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3347b46442a64ae48aeedecbf7303504","width":1900},"text":"","id":"UIEMdUoaOoQUUUxiqOhc2iXsneg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYfZJVApJPA6nnEUN6DOOFd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：简单几何体练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7N5pG57TSMdPIQ7MvUIuXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"熟悉透视之后，需要进行几何体多角度翻滚练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzxs1NfaaiLyWkZXbPt1R9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建议每天画一百个左右，坚持两周即可。如果你时间不对，也可以每天画10~20个，需要坚持2-3个月左右。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz9WZtMTzLApMxig0FMqUhe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"方形翻滚作画示例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8mW4Xwi00rXj3fGFJ7Grig"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":836,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：简单几何体练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ee6f972defc4f7b84014eb176eef07d","width":1766},"text":"","id":"doxcn2FLeXG70xFPEaJCbCh8xDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十字方翻滚多角度作画示例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9kXrxLebrCWyPQhLvQATI5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO83K7PvJcNXevpIP1kbddg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":944,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：简单几何体练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f72e428c395e4152b641592a9fe588c9","width":1844},"text":"","id":"doxcnFBcDRCijjHdL52TnMPrAtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"方和圆组合翻滚多角度示例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzQBDLPrbO2iRbUeywmV0pf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":936,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：简单几何体练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f090580165c84eb3b6181caee5551a13","width":1776},"text":"","id":"doxcnDUavHQKMqeIFkjVzrBADtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"方和圆翻滚","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA7uYijLgIYlqxzcCBXKw5g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0oRteY3QPSVWgwoL7zuq9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接下来我们把难度升级，物体组合练习。我们要将物体转换成几何体，接着再练习方形的翻滚一样，让我们的物体翻滚起来，练习多角度绘画强迫自己在脑中建立三 d 模型的感觉，去考虑同一物体不同角度的形状特点和体积变化。这样的组合练习也需要1~2个月左右（每天如果只有1-2小时，需要练习3~4个月的时间）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEH6TW5hw8Mnn0IGQm7Aigc"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":916,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/65e74418c1ac425e8496e5e6c7a0b286","width":1816},"text":"","id":"doxcn3eazxmlyoCli6jMps3lQkg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":910,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e0048eb15281470b9b13a5f119b744ec","width":1846},"text":"","id":"doxcnGTHCOau9vNSRlCjPFDodoc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":910,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e0048eb15281470b9b13a5f119b744ec","width":1846},"text":"","id":"doxcnGTHCOau9vNSRlCjPFDodoc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":956,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fd755759b0d24b67b17217261b49749c","width":1878},"text":"","id":"doxcnjB9kbo3KrOW7mx1IuPzMef"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLipSoFgQ8qOKT9xYhktwtd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLipSoFgQ8qOKT9xYhktwtd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj0pi7xcKQq0fs4Y0FxbuNR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aZ4y1k7ze/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CAYSduEuuoMUwQxiYGecHjzTnpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、《像艺术家一样思考》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsDc4VeM19F0k7ab6Papymw"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":734,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b9ddaba65e864180b372c70db73f895f","width":606},"text":"","id":"doxcnTp1ucPivd6dqZlbaByByAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、《透视画法入门》，建议整本通读，每篇都进行临摹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWAT2F4oPk6p8KjGwumrIqc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":674,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/78ab8ab84b0c48cd924d575692e10d3d","width":670},"text":"","id":"doxcnJwYE0jy6V18X1YvETqZvBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、《贝蒂的色彩》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn07fPnU8gdF1Vmz7uUzZtFf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":568,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7cd70b6e955b4296901d43a354e60bd8","width":840},"text":"","id":"doxcnJDwGx237Z7tYa6RUvQo2Jg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、《FIGURE DRAWING》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnncfGHszvN7o6MT3GtjSrmc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":860,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d0c9dbbb768941c7a5b8a1662eddf726","width":628},"text":"","id":"doxcnJrctjsxD2zZcCKEwKAGYmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、《动态素描·人体结构》。通篇阅读，整本临摹。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpzvyKJFFu9f0z60NLX5XTh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":660,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/21c5fe224437415494773901e4b861f5","width":508},"text":"","id":"doxcn8QNDmkGmW2HORwvyoyH3xQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnagDegjMrMDEq8r1acuFfdd"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E