1. g6b4bnd继电器说明书
接好电源和气源后合上开关K1,电源指示灯XD亮,冷却风机FM立即转动,按下割炬微动开关K3,继电器J1得电动作其常开触点接通,电磁阀DF动作,气路接通,割炬进行预先通气。
另一常开触点接通电阻R3,二极管D7对电容C11充电,组成延时电路,经过3~5秒充电完毕,继电器J2通电闭合,接触器KM得电闭合,主回路通电。
经过变压器B1整流桥,正极经过B5通过连接线直接接至工件,负极通过B2输出,主回路得电的同时接触器KM的辅助常开触头接通继电器J3,DK为常闭触点,使得变庄器B4得电。
2. 欧姆龙固态继电器g6b-4bnd
答:欧姆龙固态继电器接线法
1、动合型(常开)(H型)线圈不通电时两触点是断开的,通电后,两个触点就闭合。
2、动断型(常闭)(D型)线圈不通电时两触点是闭合的,通电后两个触点就断开
3. 欧姆龙继电器g6b-4bnd接线图
欧姆龙5v继电器7和8引脚接外部的电压,然后1、3、5和2、4、6分别为两组输出触点,其中一个是常闭,一个是常开,还有一个公共端。接触器的13、14是接触器线圈的接点。当13、14加了电压之后,中间继电器动作。 9、5常开,9、1常闭,加上电压后,继电器动作,9、5常闭,9、1常开。
如果你扫描仪器是触点控制,你只要把扫描枪的两根线分别接9、5即可。
4. 继电器g6b4bnd接线详图
热水器已成为生活中重要的一部分,给人们的生活带来极大的方便。但由于元器件自然老化、操作者的熟练程度、工作环境和工作强度等诸多因素常引发各类故障。接下来就为大家介绍如何维修热水器的问题。
电热水器
工作原理
电热水器具有结构简单、价格低、热效率高、无污染、使用方便等优点,使用寿命一般为15年左右,主要有贮水式和速热式两种。由于速热式电热水器功率高达3kW以上,且易漏电,很少有人问津;贮水式一般功率在1~2kW之间,安全方便,受到消费者喜爱。
一、贮水式电热水器
贮水式电热水器一般由箱体系统、制热系统、控制系统和进出水系统四大部分组成。下面为部分国产名牌电热水器的结构示意图。
1、箱体系统
箱体系统由外壳、内胆、保温层等构成,起到贮水保温的作用。
(1)外壳
外壳是电热水器的基本骨架,大部分部件都安装或固定在上面,所用材料有塑料、彩板、冷轧板、喷粉等几种。
(2)内胆
内胆既是盛水的容器,又是对外加热的场所,其寿命决定于内胆的材料和制造工艺。常见内胆材料有镀锌铁板、不锈钢板和钢板内涂搪瓷三种。
(3)阳级棒
贮水式电热水器中的阳极棒是一根金属镁棒,主要用来保护金属水箱不被腐蚀和阻止水垢的形成。
(4)保温层
外壳与内胆之间的保温层,起减少热损失的作用,一般采用聚氨酯发泡、玻璃棉、石棉、纤维、毡和软木等。为增强保温效果,现多采用高密度聚氨酯发泡材料充填的新工艺,充填扎实,密封保温性好,即使12h不通电,水温也仅下降2℃左右。
(5)炉膛
炉膛用于安装加热体和限温器,是由炉膛底盘、炉膛管、炉膛帽、温控管、螺孔柱焊接而成。螺孔柱经钻孔攻螺纹,用于安装镁棒。
2、制热系统
电热水器采用的电热元件多采用管状结构,为提高热效率,直接放在水中加热,形状可根据内胆结构弯成U形或其他形状,金属护套管常见为不锈钢管或铜管。电加热管在通电后,其内部高电阻电热合金丝发热,通过金属管内的绝缘填充料导热至金属套管,起加热作用。
电加热管使用时间一长,在电加热管表面容易结污垢,不仅影响发热效果,而且会产生漏电现象。为此海尔、小鸭、东宝等厂家,将热水器部分产品的电热元件改为高压耐热的陶瓷发热器,如图所示。间接加热内胆中的水(通电后,首先预热周围的空气,然后通过钢板对水加热),使水电分离,不仅无漏电之忧,且可超快速加热。
3、控制系统
电热水器的控制系统主要包括温控器和漏电保护器。
(1)温控器
电热水器中使用的温控器主要有双金属片温控器、蒸气压力式温控器和电子温控器。
(2)漏电保护器
在电热水器的漏电保护器中、将15mA确定为危险电流,超过这一数值时漏电保护器动作,正常的动作范围为15~30mA。
海尔电热水器选用的是进口漏电保护器,动作值为15mA,动作时间为0.1s。小鸭等品牌电热水器电源线带有先进的电子控制漏电保护插头,其技术参数为:额定电压220V(5OHz),额定电流10A,漏电动作范围5~10mA,漏电动作时间≤50ms,最大分断能力300A,最大负载功率2200W。
4、进、出水系统
进、出水系统由进、出水管,混合阀、安全阀和淋浴喷头等组成。
(1)混合阀
混合阀的结构如图所示。由图可知,热水器内胆出水管、混合阀、喷头和大气相通,不受混合阀冷、热阀门控制胆内压力,故称为出口敞开式。
单独打开右侧红点热水旋阀,自来水经出水管、混合阀、喷头流出,出热水,出水压力由热水阀控制;单独打开左侧蓝点冷水旋阀,自来水直接经混合阀由喷头流出冷水,出水压力由冷水阀控制。当同时打开冷热水阀门时,冷水和热水在混合阀出水口混合,适当调节冷热水阀门大小,可得到所需水温。
(2)安全阀
在自来水压力突然增高或加热水温过热,造成内胆压力超过规定耐压值时,安全阀会自动排压,以保护内胆。在加热过程中,安全阀会有缓慢的滴水现象,不是故障,是一种正常现象。
5、工作原理
贮水式电热水器的加热分单加热器加热和双加热器加热两种。前者,--般用在容积不太大的热水器中;后者、往往用于容积较大的热水器中。
二、速热式电热水器
快速热水器一般在接通电源、开启水阀后,仅需十几秒就会有充足的热水源源流出,因此也称流动式或即热式电热水器。
1、基本结构
快速热水器主要由外壳、内腔、电热元件、压力开关和温度控制等部分组成。
2、工作原理
(1)腔体式
打开进水阀门,水流入腔体。当水充满腔体后,在水压和重力作用下,使橡皮膜下凹,从而带动通过膜片中心的通水管子上端,使触点闭合接通电源,这样电阻丝通电发热,被加热的水沿通水管上开有的小孔流入管内,再经过莲蓬头喷射出来,供人们使用。当停止进水时,靠橡皮膜弹力恢复使触头断开,从而切断电源。
(2)水槽式
在未接通水源时,压力开关处于常态(触点断开),微动开关s不动作,从而继电器线圈不通电,这时整机不工作。接通水源后,因水压升高,这时压力开关触点动作,继电器KA吸合,主电路触点闭合,指示灯HL点亮,这时只要将转换开关(功率调节器)根据需要调节在适当位置,电热元件即可工作,就会有热水从莲蓬头中源源不断流出。
常见故障分析
一、电热水器检修工艺
下面以海尔电热水器为例,对电热水器的检修工艺过程介绍如下:
1、电源检查
用万用表交流电压档(~500V档)测量插座零线和火线,零线和地线是否接通,若不通为正常;反之,则电源不能使用,应修复。
(万用表使用方法图解)
2、故障检修程序
接通电源,可能出现两种情况:指示灯亮或指示灯不亮。
(1)指示灯亮:待半小时左右,水温升高10℃左右,说明热水器正常;若水温不升高,由灯亮可知,漏电保护器、超温管均正常,故障在加热器。断电后,检测加热元件,若电阻为无穷大,应更换。
(2)指示灯不亮:若灯坏应更换;灯好时,应检查温控器、超温管、加热器和漏电保护器以确定故障所在。
①对可调温型温控器,用万用表R×1档测量,在关断位置电阻为无穷大;在不同温度控制点应有不同电阻值与之对应;温控器在未动作时,触点为闭合状态,电阻近似为0,否则说明温控器损坏,应更换。
(万用表测量温控器图解)
②超温管在正常状态下,电阻为0,否则已损坏,应更换。
③用万用表检测加热器,电阻约24~48Ω,若为无穷大时,应更换加热元件。
④检查漏电保护器,应将漏电保护器打到合闸位置,灯亮,水温升高为正常;有时漏电保护器误动作,应注意观察,找出误动作原因。
(漏电保护器“合闸”状态)
若漏电保护器合不上闸,应用万用表R×100档依次检测超温管、温控器和加热器的对地电阻,表针指向∞位置为正常,表针指向0为漏电,找出漏电元件进行更换,若无漏电元件,说明漏电保护器已损坏,更换新的。
(漏电保护器“跳闸”状态)
3、安全性能测试
(1)漏电测试:重新合闸,按“试验”按钮应跳闸,漏电保护器为正常,再“合闸”灯亮。若热水器无漏电保护器,用万用表电阻档测量插头的火线与地线、零线和地线,若指示为无穷大,说明无漏电现象。
(2)泄漏电流测试:泄漏电流不应超过规定的数值,海尔小海象为0.5mA/kW,大海象、金海象为0.3mA/kW,
(3)绝缘电阻用兆欧表测量应大于50MΩ。
(4)电源的接地端与电热水器易触及金属部件之间的接地电阻应小于0.1Ω。
安全性能测试合格后,才能按工艺要求将电热水器重新安装好,投入使用。
二、电热水器常见故障分析
1、出水不热
(1)冷热水调节不当:这是由于热水阀开得太小,冷水阀开得太大造成的。应适当调节冷热水阀的开度,使出水温度适合使用。
(2)电源未接通:调整电源插头或开关,使其接触良好。若采用的是漏电保护插头,应将其“复位按钮”按下,排除以上故障若仍不能接通电源,应拆开电热水器仔细检查回路是否有导线脱落、断开等情况,若有,应及时排除。
(3)电加热器损坏:用万用表电阻档测量电热元件电阻值,正常情况下,1kW电热水器,电阻为49Ω左右;3kW,16Ω左右。功率不同的电热水器,其电热元件的阻值不同。若电阻为无穷大,说明电热元件损坏,应予更换。
(4)温控器损坏:当温控器触头接触不良或感温体内感温剂泄漏时,可引起温控器不能正常工作。对于前者可拆开压力式温控器进行修复;对于后者只好更换新的压力式温控器。
2、出水温度太高
(1)冷热水调节不当:适当调节冷热水阀的开度。
(2)温控器旋钮调节不当或触点粘连:将温控器旋钮调至温度较低处;对触点粘连的,可将温控器拆开,将粘连触点分开,并对触点进行研修、调整,经调整后,一般即可使用,必要时可进行更换。
(3)限温器失灵:检修限温器。
3、漏水
(1)管道连接处漏水:对接口密封不好造成的漏水,应重新安装接口;若属自来水压太高,应在自来水道上设置减压阀。
(2)安全阀接口漏水:是由于安全阀松扣或密封不好造成的,应重新拧紧和密封。
4、出水带电
(1)出水口接地失效:重新接好接地线,保证接地电阻小于0.1Ω。
(2)水中分布电流大:用细钢丝编织成网,包在出水口上,并与接地线良好接触。
(3)电热元件绝缘损坏或失效:更换电热元件,更换时要保持电气接触良好,有关密封部分不漏水。
(4)内部导线绝缘层损坏,搭接在外壳或内胆上:拆开电热水器,检查出导线绝缘层损坏的部分,进行更换。
5、进水困难
(1)脏堵:主要是由于自来水水质不好,杂质超量,堵住进水口的逆止阀。设有进水滤网的热水器大都是滤网孔被堵。在确定水压正常后,关闭自来水供水总阀,清理管路,冲出胜物或清洗滤网。
(2)汽堵:常见于密闭水箱贮水式电热水器中。其特征是:热水阀打开后,喷出大量水蒸气,此时应将调温器调到最小位置或切断电源,先将蒸汽从热水阀排出,然后打开冷水进水阀,使热水器排水,降低水温,再检修温控器;若热水阀打开后,热汽断续流出,量很小,一般是脏堵造成的。此时应开大热水阀和冷水进水阀,以降低水温,待水温降低后,检查热水阀是否脏堵,洗净后冷水便会从热水阀流出。
(3)供水压力不正常:当供水管路因水压下降,供水压力低于贮水压力,逆止阀不能被顶开,会造成进水困难。这种故障,待水压正常后,故障即自行消失。
保养
使用一段时间后,应取下喷头,按安装方法进行冲洗。长期使用后,若升温慢,应检查电热元件是否结垢,若结垢,可用去垢剂清除水垢。
若漏水,应更换相应的橡胶密封圈。
若加热时蒸汽冒出,则表明恒温器失效。或感温头脱出,应关闭电路,经检查修复后再用。
加热时因水的膨胀,喷头有时会有少量热水溢出,这属正常现象,不必过分用力拧紧热水阀,以免加速损坏密封圈。
自来水阀可使用不带手轮的阀门或者安装好后取下手轮,以防误关此阀,导致水箱缺水而烧毁电热丝。
燃气热水器
结构
目前,家用快速燃气热水器常见为壁挂式,适合淋浴使用,主要由水路系统、燃气系统、热交换系统、排烟系统和安全装置五大部分组成。其结构示意图如下所示。
(1)水路系统主要包括进水阀、水膜阀等,其中水膜阀是关键部件,起控制水气联动装置的作用,当水源切断后立即切断燃气;水阀是控制冷水进入热水器流量大小的装置,水阀燃烧器在同样工作状态下,流量大的,输出热水温较低,反之则水温升高。
(2)燃气系统主要包括燃气调节阀、水气联动阀、常明火、主燃烧器。其中主燃烧器是热水器供热的主要部件;水气联动阀是由水流的压力差控制气阀的开启以防止空烧。燃气调节阀可调节进入主燃烧器气量,以达到调节水温的目的。
(3)热交换系统主要包括腔体、集热片和弯管。
(4)排烟系统包括热水器外壳、排气烟管和排烟口等。燃烧后的烟气,须经过排烟系统排出。
(5)安全装置主要包括由热电偶和电磁阀组成的熄火保护、缺氧保护、水气联动阀防止空烧、排水阀防止过水压和冻裂。
下面重点介绍燃气热水器主要部件结构原理。
一、点火装置
点火装置的作用是点燃小火(常明火)并保持其燃烧。当按下点火按钮时,小火管有燃气流出,此时点火器工作,点燃旁边的小火。燃气热水器的点火方式主要有压电陶瓷点火和电脉冲点火两种。
二、水气联动阀
水气联动阀是保证燃气热水器安全使用的重要部件,其主要作用是:当水压足够,水在热交换器中流动时,燃气才能进入主燃烧器进行燃烧;而当水流停止或压力不足时,自动切断燃气供给,以防因缺水面燃坏热水器。
三、燃烧器
1、常明火为点燃主燃烧器作准备,常明火有单独的燃气通路。同时常明火加热熄火保护装置中的热电偶,使电磁阀开闭燃气阀门。当由热电偶或双金属片构成的熄火保护装置一旦检测到常明小火熄灭,熄火保护装置将自动切断气源。
常明火点火管一般用铜管或不锈钢制成,为保证燃烧的稳定,大多采用大气式燃烧方式,即燃烧前预混一部分空气,由于这种燃烧方式火焰短而稳定,用它加热热电偶或热双金属片时,热量集中,不易产生误动作。
2、主燃烧器是燃气热水器提供热源的主要部件,热负荷较大,火力强而且集中,火焰高度实短不宜长,一般采用大气式燃烧器来满足要求,而且大多不设一次调节装置。
四、热交换器
燃气热水器的热交换器主要有两种类型,板管式和翅片管式。由不锈钢或导热性良好的紫铜片、紫铜管制成。
五、熄火保护装置
熄火保护装置的主要功能,是在燃气热水器的点火燃烧器(又称常明火)因故熄火后,在数密封秒钟后能自动动作,关闭燃气阀门。有机械和电磁两种结构形式,分别称为双金属片和热电偶熄火保护装置。
六、缺氧保护装置
此装置上有两只热电偶,正向热电偶与熄火安全装置热电偶基本相同(参数为:25℃内阻为(8.8±2)MΩ,700℃热电势20mV);反向热电偶由两根裸露电偶丝组成,材质与正向热电偶相同,但它的工作温度较低,氧化作用不很明显,它的安装位置是保证热电偶正常工作的重要条件(参数为:25℃内阻18±2MΩ,700℃热电势6mV)。
在使用过程中,周围环境氧气含量不足或换热器栅板阻塞时,会造成燃烧器不完全燃烧,这时燃烧器火焰拉长,火焰温度降低,两只热电偶产生的电势差较少,当环境氧气含量低于18%时,此装置动作,关闭燃气气路,避免造成二氧化碳中毒事故,此装置使用寿命大于6000h,使用次数大于100000次。
七、防空烧(过热)安全装置
此装置所用传感器为正温度系数的热敏电阻。当燃气热水器出现空烧时,因热敏电阻此时已呈“高阻”状态,使通过电磁阀电流很小,在弹簧力作用下,铁心与衔铁分离,关闭燃气气路。
八、电磁阀
在燃气热水器安全装置中,燃气气路的通、断是由电磁阀控制的。
九、水温调节装置
调温轴(水阀芯)的控制原理是通过调节水量增减,来达到调节水温目的。例如,欲提高淋浴水温时,将调温轴调向“高温”位置,实际上是关小水阀芯的开启度,使进水量减少,则出口的温度则会增加。
十、燃气泄漏报警装置
当燃气热水器或配套设备发生燃气泄漏时,通过气敏传感器检测出一定浓度的燃气,发出声光报警信号,提醒用户排除故障或停止使用,避免造成火灾或中毒事故。先进的泄漏报警装置,在报警的同时自动开启风机通风换气,迅速排除室内燃气,防止事故的发生和扩大。
工作原理
打开燃气气阀,燃气进人阀门内,按动点火按键,点火微动开关、快速微动开关启动,点火头产生连续电火花,电磁阀线圈强行通人吸合电流,由气阀杆推动,电磁阀被吸住,气路打开,燃气从点火燃烧器和长明火燃烧器流出,被点火器的连续火花点燃,经常明火火焰加热的熄火保护装置的热电偶产生热电势,在强制吸合电流断开时,保持电磁阀处于吸合状态。点火键复位,并关闭与点火键连动的点火器阀门,此时点火器的火焰熄灭,仅保留常明火焰,这样,燃气到达水气连动阀的气阀前面。
打开水龙头,冷水进入水气连动阀的水阀内,经调温旋钮进入热交换器,同时有一部分水从调温旋钮分流,进人混合管,因水气连动阀内的膜片受水压作用,推开水气连动阀的气阀。燃气经燃气调节阀、燃烧器调节旋钮,从主燃烧器流出,被常明火点燃。流向热交换器的水,被主燃烧器的火焰加热成热水,经混合水管的冷水混合,就可从供热水龙头流出适合使用的热水。
当关闭出水口时,水气连动阀内的压差消失,从而关闭了水气连动阀的气阀,主燃烧器的火焰熄灭,热水停止流出,按下熄火键,点火键复位,关闭主气阀,常明火熄灭。此时熄火安全装置的热电偶的热电势下降,电磁阀关闭。
下图为沈乐满牌SR-5型后制式燃气热水器电气原理图,供参考。
故障检修
一、常见故障分析
1、打不着火或打火困难
(1)刚打开气源时,由于气管内空气尚未排空,短时间内难以打火,只要多打几次,让气管内的空气排空后,便能成功点火。
(2)喷嘴堵塞:在打火时有火星,而无法点燃火种,表明喷嘴有堵塞,此时只要将喷嘴进行清理即可。
(3)点火针破裂或松动:多数热水器点火针绝缘体是用陶瓷制作的,若陶瓷破裂或点火针松动,就会造成没有对着火种进行点火,打不着火。此时应更换点火针或对点火针进行调整位置。
(4)压电陶瓷失效手动式热水器一般是采用压电陶瓷点火,若点火时无点火火花,通常是压电陶瓷损坏造成的,应及时进行更换。
(5)水动式热水器电磁阀损坏,点火时,有火星而点不着火,此时先检查电磁阀接线是否良好,若未发现接线不良,应更换电磁阀。
(6)水动式热水器点火时无火星此时按顺序检查电池是否有电或装反,电池盒是否有接触不良,微动开关是否损坏,电脉冲发生器和接线是否有故障。排除故障后即可点火。
2、中途燎火
(1)热电偶与电磁阀接触不良或失效:若在热水器使用过程中,偶然中途熄火,说明热电偶与电磁阀接触不良,此时应紧固两者的联接螺母;当热水器打火后,中途熄火的时间都较接近时,表明热电偶已开始失效,应尽早更换。当热水器每次中途熄火的时间不规则时,表明火种与热电偶的位置不太准确,应调整。
(2)燃气气压不稳定:适当调整气源压力或清洗火种喷嘴。
(3〉保护装置动作:当直排式热水器使用时间过长,且室内换气较差时,或热交换器(水箱)长期没有清洗而造成严重积炭,保护装置便会自动关闭气源,导致熄火。对于前者,需打开门窗,使室内空气流通,对于后者需定期(每年1~2次)清洗热交换器。
(4)水动式热水器离子感应针被污染:若每次使用时,都要打2~3次火,应对感应针进行清洗,若经清洗,还有同样的问题出现,说明感应针的材质或电子点火器质量不良,应及时更换。
3、漏气
漏气主要是由于密封用的密封圈破损老化或配合不严造成的。
(1)进水接头安装不良而漏气:重新安装平面胶圈,上紧并紧固气接头。
(2)气阀体上联接面漏气:更换密封胶圈。
(3)气阀芯上的润滑脂干而漏气:清洗气阀芯,重新均匀涂上润滑脂(二硫化钼),以确保气阀芯不再漏气。
4、漏水
(1)防冻排水阀经多次拆装,密封胶圈裂损造成的漏水,应更换胶圈,并注意平日装拆不应用力过大。
(2)水阀芯胶圈因长期使用磨损严重造成的漏水,只要更换胶圈便可正常使用。
(3)水阀顶轴胶圈处比较容易漏水,若是水动式热水器,水会直接流到微动开关处造成打不着火,因此胶圈磨损,应及时更换。
(4)连接热水器的冷、热水软管和淋浴器的漏水,较易发现,经简单维修或更换便能使用。
(5)供水压力过高,可更换高压热水器或在进水阀前加装节流阀。
(6)热水器“空烧”造成漏水。这时,关闭热水器水阀时,主燃烧器不熄灭,造成“空烧”或回火,易烧化焊锡,严重时烧穿紫铜管,造成漏水,此故障应更换热盘管。
5、产生红火或冒黑烟
(1)燃烧器内存污物:将细铁丝尖部弯曲,从引射口处插入燃烧器内,反复旋转,进行清理。也可将燃烧器拆下来,用水冲浇。
(2)燃气压力不足:应设法提高其供气压力。另外,有时因天气潮湿,也会产生红火,待天气好转时又恢复正常。
(3)气路不畅造成缺氧:清理气路中的异物,并开机(换气扇、排风扇、开窗等)通风。
6、出水温度过低
(1)供气压力不足:这是造成出水温度过低的主要原因,应调整减压阀。若是管道燃气,可通知供气部门调整;若是热水器流量大,使供气管或煤气表负荷满足不了热水器的耗气量,应更换较大的煤气表或更换流量较小的热水器。
(2)喷嘴堵塞造成火焰变小:清理喷嘴。
(3)水阀橡胶膜有小的破裂:使水气联动阀门开度不足,造成燃烧火力不强,出水温度过低。应更换橡胶膜。
(4)部分地区水压较大,使水流经热交换器时间较短,出水温度过低,应适当调小水量。
7、火种留不住
(1)火种供气管堵塞:当点燃火种时,手松开也不见火种,尔后能听到电磁阀释放声,说明火种供气管堵塞,对此可进行疏通。
(2)热电偶或电磁阀损坏:检查时,按下点火按钮,不见火种,也听不到电磁阀动作声,说明热电偶或电磁阀损坏。电磁阀的损坏一般是线圈断路,可用万用表检查。若电阻为无穷大,对此可进行更换;对热电偶应检查连接导线有无断路,再检查热电偶是否移位,并擦净表面氧化物;最后检查热电偶是否失效,方法是:将热电偶从固定夹中卸出悬空,用万用表pA档串入,用打火机给热电偶加热,15s后若电流很小(接近为0),说明热电偶失效,应更换。
(3)热电偶性能变差:点火按钮松开后有火种,但不久会自动熄灭,是因热电偶性能变差引起的,这时可将热电偶调到最佳受热位置,一般就可排除,必要时,更换热电偶。
8、主燃烧器不能点燃
(1)水压不足:引起水压不足的原因,一是当地水压不足,二是杂物堵塞水道。对于后者可清理过滤网内的杂质。
(2)主燃烧器的燃气管道被堵塞:进行疏通。
(3)水气联动阀的隔膜室隔膜穿孔:隔膜穿孔后,无法推动顶杆打开主燃烧器的燃气阀塞。修理时,拆开阀体,拆下膜片上的铜螺栓和垫片,更换同规格的新隔膜。
(4)水气联动阀的铜顶杆长期与水、燃气接触,造成氧化折断:更换新配件,也可用不锈钢材料按同样规格制成顶杆进行更换。
(5)隔膜室螺钉松动:松动后,造成隔膜室漏水,水压下降,顶杆无法打开燃气阀塞,对此可紧固隔膜室螺钉。效果不好时,可拆开隔膜室,在接合面周围涂上一层粘补胶,然后再紧固螺钉,干燥固化后即可使用。
(6)隔膜室中的压差平衡弹簧折断:更换新配件。
9、随着“叭”的一声响,全机熄灭
(1)点燃正常10s后出现声响和熄灭﹑这多是热电偶损坏造成的。检查时,用气体打火机燃烧热电偶尖端,用万用mV档测量两端电压,正常为20mV左右,若为0,说明热电偶损坏,应更换。
(2)正常使用10min后,出现声响和熄灭,这多是缺氧造成的,应及时补充新鲜空气。
10、关闭热水阀后,主燃烧器熄火
(1)燃气阀塞被水气连动阀顶杆卡住,打开水气连动阀,清理阀内顶杆表面的水锈,涂上润滑油,重新装好。
(2)压差平衡器的眼孔被管道内异物堵塞拆开阀壳,疏通眼孔。
11、热水水流不畅、水温偏高
(1)水温调节旋钮使用不当:检查水温旋钮是否置于需要的位置上,位置有误时,应予纠正(温度“最高”为水流最小,温度“最低”为水流最大)。
(2)水温调节失控:若是旋钮错位引起阀芯开度和指示温度不一致,应及时调整,必要时更换滑牙的旋钮;水温控制阀阀杆和阀芯密封件老化损坏时,会引起水流不畅,应更换密封件。
12、炮火保护装置失灵
(1)热电偶的探头和点火燃烧器的位置不当:调整时,可稍松一下固定热电偶探头的螺钉,将探头移至点火燃烧温度较高的位置,进行反复点火试验,直至电磁阀吸合,再将紧固螺钉拧紧。
(2)热电偶与电磁阀之间的连接螺母松动:将松动的螺母拧紧即可。
(3)热电偶损坏:若热电偶断线或发生在热点上的短路,一般是无法修复的,应进行更换。方法是:拧开与电磁阀连接的螺母,并松开探头在点火燃烧器旁的螺钉,拆下热电偶。更换新热电偶时,先将它与电磁阀连接的螺母拧紧,再将偶线弯成需要的形状.将探头固定在点火燃烧器附近温度较高的位置,装好后进行点火试验,确认电磁阀动作后,再进一步拧紧螺钉、螺母。
(4)电磁阀吸合电流变大:这多是由于衔铁极面被气源腐蚀和污染造成的。电磁阀吸合时间,刚出厂时,5s即可吸合。使用中的燃气热水器,电磁阀若在点火后30s还不吸合,就应进行去污或更换处理。
(5)电磁阀线圈断、短路或衔铁移位:这类故障,一般很难修复,应更换同型号电磁阀,更换方法见前。
13、调节水温的方法
(1)调节进气阀控制燃气进量,可调节水温。
(2)调节水温调节器,可控制出水温度。
(3)调节自来水阀控制最大水流量,可调节最低温度。
(4)水气连动阀还有自动控温的作用。
14、水垢的清除方法
水垢产生后,会使热水器热效率降低,同时还会使热水器管径变小,热水产率下降,水温过高,甚至会产生局部堵塞。为此应一年左右清洗一次,清洗的方法很多,下面仅介绍一种简单实用的方法。
(1)买一袋铝壶―次清除水垢剂,将其倒人约1.2L饮料瓶中,并加人约1L温水,搅拌均匀。
(2〉按图所示连接好。打开水温开关,用手挤压饮料瓶,待除垢液进入热水器,并从进水管流出时,关闭水温开关。
(3)点燃热水器常明小火,对除垢液加温,待10~15min后,关闭常明小火,打开水温开关,将饮料瓶中剩下的除垢液全部流入热水器并从进水口排出(可重复几次)。
(4)卸下饮料瓶,接好进水管,打开冷水阀门,用清水将热水器管道内残余的水垢及除垢液冲洗干净即可。
15、水动式热水器有水流出,但不点火
水动式热水器是在打开进水阀门或热水阀门时,热水器便会自动点火,数秒钟后便有热水产生。当有水流而不点火时,其故障原因是多种多样的,可以按以下步骤进行检查并排除故障。
(1)打开水源开关,查看指示灯是否有亮,如果红色亮,表明电池已达到无电状态,需更换电池;如果绿色亮,但无“嗒,嗒,嗒”响声及点火火花,表明点火器高压包烧毁或高压线脱落,应重新连接高压线或更换点火器;如果指示灯不亮又无点火火花出现、应检查有没有安装电池或电池是否装反,如果电池安装正常,则需检查电源连线是否可靠,发现情况应及时排除。
(2)当所有电导线未发现异常时,先检查微动开关〈有的热水器用水动磁控开关),用手按动微动开关或直接用导线(或旋具)进行短路连接,此时如果有点火动作,则证明是微动开关故障或开关拨片位置不对,应予以更换或调整。如果按动或短路微动开关,均无点火动作,则是点火器的故障,需更换点火器。
(3)当打开水源开关后有点火火花而没有着火时,应先检查点火针位置是否对准燃烧器,然后再检查电磁阀的连线连接是否良好,同时可根据该热水器的用电池情况,对电磁阀接入3V(或1.5V)的直流电压,查看燃烧器是否着火,如有着火,则表明点火器输出电流不足,需更换;如未有着火,则表明电磁阀有故障,也需更换。
(4)如果上述几种方法都无法查出原因时,就要检查其他的安全保护装置,例如,过热保护装置是否熔断或开路;防止不完全燃烧装置的热电偶是否反接或开路;水气联动装置是否活动自如(反复开、关水源、微动开关拨片应左右移动,如果不动作则是水阀膜片穿孔或联动杆卡死等)。
(5)在各项检查前应先检查气源是否开启,连接气源的气管是否折叠或太长,如果气管太长,应先多点火几次,让气管内的空气排空后,方可点火成功。
16、开水不着火或低温时熄火
(1)水压偏低因水压低,而无法打开水气联动阀,燃气就无法出来被点燃。
(2)水阀的橡胶薄膜破损、变形或偏心更换橡胶薄膜。
(3)进水管滤网堵塞、淋浴喷头堵塞以及水阀内的文氏管松动︰平时必须经常清理。使热水器保持较佳使用状态。
17、开水熄火或未开水着火
(1)冷热水阀门漏水或关闭不严,使热水器内有一定水压,打开水气联动阀而造成此故障更换或关严冷、热水阀门。
(2)水气联动阀内顶杆被卡死,或长期停用顶杆被粘着,胶圈变形造成顶杆运动缓慢而不熄火拆下顶杆清洗,并加润滑油。
(3)水气联动阀的气阀门弹簧器日久弹力不足更换弹簧。
(4)水阀进水管因无滤网,造成杂质卡死水阀顶轴而不炮火﹑先清洗干净水阀内部,再在进水管补加滤网,以保证水质干净。
二、故障代码与解决方案
现在很多产品都自带有自检功能,会根据提示告诉你产品出现了什么问题,让用户能快速找到问题,并且解决问题,相当的智能化人性化。
保养
一、使用时应经常检查常明火是否正常工作,有无阻塞;如火焰微弱,应立即关闭燃气气源开关,待清除垢物后,再行点燃。
二、热水器使用一段时间(一般为半年左右)后,应对水管、燃气管、容积式热水器的水箱等进行除垢,以防过滤网(见下图)被堵。水箱有沉积物,会影响热水器的正常使用。
三、每隔数月,应清除热水器排气口、进气排气筒、热交换器及周围积炭和灰垢。如果发现大量积炭或有许多阻塞物时,可将热水器卸下,倒过来轻轻清除,也可用自来水冲洗,冲洗时严禁将水溅到燃烧器喷嘴和常明火上,待干燥后再安装使用。
四、一般情况下,热水器使用一年后,应对其做一次全面检查,查清供气和供水系统的各个装置是否完好、正常,有无漏气、漏水等异常现象。
五、如使用的水质较硬,应在热水器的前端装配一水质软化装置,并及时清除热交换盘管(即蛇形管)或水箱的水垢。
六、经常擦试外壳。
太阳能热水器
结构原理
太阳能热水器一般由集热器、贮热装置、循环管路、辅助装置及淋浴喷头等部分组成。
一、集热器
集热器是太阳能热水器的关键部件,其性能好坏,对热水器的性能起着决定性的作用。按收集太阳能的不同原理,可分为平板型集热器和聚光型集热器两种。聚光型集热器只能聚集太阳的直射辐射能,需要对太阳进行跟踪,增加了装置成本,只有在需要附到较高温度等特殊场合使用;平板型集热器是目前应用较广泛的一种,它不仅能吸收太阳的直射辐射,还可以收集太刚的散射辐射。
二、贮热装置
贮热装置通常作为短期贮存热水、减少热损失的容器,贮热效果主要取决于装置保温性能的好坏。
三、循环管路
循环管路的作用是连通集热器、贮热水箱,形成一个完整的循环加热系统。
四、辅助装置
辅助装置的作用是使整个热水器装置能正常工作,并通过仪表加以显示。辅助装置包括水位显示装置、温度显示装置、循环泵、控制系统及辅助热源等。
故障检修
一、太阳能热水器的常见故障及排除方法见下表。
二、故障代码与解决方案
保养
必须经常保持集热器上盖的清洁;要防止空晒;使用一定时间后,应进行清洁处理,排除沉积的污垢;冬季停用时,必须将集热器及管道中的水排净,以防冻裂。
以上就是对热水器如何维修问题的介绍,希望能对您有所帮助!
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"热水器已成为生活中重要的一部分,给人们的生活带来极大的方便。但由于元器件自然老化、操作者的熟练程度、工作环境和工作强度等诸多因素常引发各类故障。接下来就为大家介绍如何维修热水器的问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TOoMdgI2YoYWSexY7dVcZ2pMnDd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电热水器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWYwdY2W6ouAUKxOM9McpuPzneg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KygedMsoWoOKu6x4dTRcL1OenQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电热水器具有结构简单、价格低、热效率高、无污染、使用方便等优点,使用寿命一般为15年左右,主要有贮水式和速热式两种。由于速热式电热水器功率高达3kW以上,且易漏电,很少有人问津;贮水式一般功率在1~2kW之间,安全方便,受到消费者喜爱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ee2WdOOIcoMkMwxC0wkctSSEnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、贮水式电热水器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GoEkdemA8ocwCSxl8dwcMZCjnbW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"贮水式电热水器一般由箱体系统、制热系统、控制系统和进出水系统四大部分组成。下面为部分国产名牌电热水器的结构示意图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GkCcdGS2goU480xczSccDttDnTf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":485,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ed7f139bafc4003b23a89038aa95292","width":692},"text":"","id":"GMuEdek0Io6GIAxyk5fcJcirnBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"、箱体系统","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EmSodaAs8oQwsCxm4VtcHuyGnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"箱体系统由外壳、内胆、保温层等构成,起到贮水保温的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XKUAdWCA4oEOesx0cKccGcX2nDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)外壳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PgCUdIyWwoy2MsxgjB3cgHIxn6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"外壳是电热水器的基本骨架,大部分部件都安装或固定在上面,所用材料有塑料、彩板、冷轧板、喷粉等几种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZQScdAQSmoCkwkxYTK5cEPeSnUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)内胆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LSwIdU4eIowMc6xGwblc81Klnyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"内胆既是盛水的容器,又是对外加热的场所,其寿命决定于内胆的材料和制造工艺。常见内胆材料有镀锌铁板、不锈钢板和钢板内涂搪瓷三种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HqwgdA6oQoAe48xALuqcsNBan4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)阳级棒","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IS8ydEOwMomQq8x477ecrmyHn2X"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"贮水式电热水器中的阳极棒是一根金属镁棒,主要用来保护金属水箱不被腐蚀和阻止水垢的形成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A8g4ds2g6oaoG2xkxhgcFS0znXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)保温层","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VcAadA6GWoSsi8xeq3oclbUNnod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"外壳与内胆之间的保温层,起减少热损失的作用,一般采用聚氨酯发泡、玻璃棉、石棉、纤维、毡和软木等。为增强保温效果,现多采用高密度聚氨酯发泡材料充填的新工艺,充填扎实,密封保温性好,即使12h不通电,水温也仅下降2℃左右。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S4A2dOigWogGksxgDD2cEGsUnth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)炉膛","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CAcCdSEWqo4YOkxgrLDcRJQQn3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"炉膛用于安装加热体和限温器,是由炉膛底盘、炉膛管、炉膛帽、温控管、螺孔柱焊接而成。螺孔柱经钻孔攻螺纹,用于安装镁棒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HIOGdU04SocMegxOSCkc7YIlnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、制热系统","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MUCAdGGQWo4aSixIXogcaeuOnBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电热水器采用的电热元件多采用管状结构,为提高热效率,直接放在水中加热,形状可根据内胆结构弯成U形或其他形状,金属护套管常见为不锈钢管或铜管。电加热管在通电后,其内部高电阻电热合金丝发热,通过金属管内的绝缘填充料导热至金属套管,起加热作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wsu0dye0SoYyS2xEFYEcucQpnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电加热管使用时间一长,在电加热管表面容易结污垢,不仅影响发热效果,而且会产生漏电现象。为此海尔、小鸭、东宝等厂家,将热水器部分产品的电热元件改为高压耐热的陶瓷发热器,如图所示。间接加热内胆中的水(通电后,首先预热周围的空气,然后通过钢板对水加热),使水电分离,不仅无漏电之忧,且可超快速加热。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Mi4WdcQ0aogw8qxS4dOcysZnnyc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":834,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4b3cc4067eb243bea2fe1a07e4f33158","width":1495},"text":"","id":"IG20dsouAoA6ucxi40TcCh31nvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、控制系统","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HyEEdsimwoQyKIxqgtMcRDCrnGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电热水器的控制系统主要包括温控器和漏电保护器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S8s4dwgoEo0uOOxAfqYcRpRKnVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)温控器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZeG0dUggeocA4XxaLXMcRebMncH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电热水器中使用的温控器主要有双金属片温控器、蒸气压力式温控器和电子温控器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IcGUduo6Wo8IYaxGGumcl4mtnVd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":720,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d45ae36f068d41a9801db870951e9a5f","width":801},"text":"","id":"NIMIdqMS0o004uxMBSEc6U2jnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)漏电保护器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KGqGdSwy6oAaqAxJD5GcQ6ZUnEW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在电热水器的漏电保护器中、将15mA确定为危险电流,超过这一数值时漏电保护器动作,正常的动作范围为15~30mA。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OUG6di2y8ouWGqxiorTcob2Jnlc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"海尔电热水器选用的是进口漏电保护器,动作值为15mA,动作时间为0.1s。小鸭等品牌电热水器电源线带有先进的电子控制漏电保护插头,其技术参数为:额定电压220V(5OHz),额定电流10A,漏电动作范围5~10mA,漏电动作时间≤50ms,最大分断能力300A,最大负载功率2200W。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZU2idaWugo0GYOxgnN2cUfXIn4e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e1fde3f53c6e4c828c774f1ace78784a","width":768},"text":"","id":"TYMWdUC4OocYu8xOCKCccvJWnnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、进、出水系统","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ky6ediEagoKsqQxGIZScNYd6nJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进、出水系统由进、出水管,混合阀、安全阀和淋浴喷头等组成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N6YmdMAUCoigsSxaYtzctAlPnJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)混合阀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LEcWdcseaoIIekxLMrpc6eL4njr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"混合阀的结构如图所示。由图可知,热水器内胆出水管、混合阀、喷头和大气相通,不受混合阀冷、热阀门控制胆内压力,故称为出口敞开式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XoQUdumU4o0Cwixu2NAcJhcEnNH"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":744,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f948916cdd73493fbd760ee2c8fbdf5e","width":887},"text":"","id":"GcYodwiKio28qIxI3rZcrg7OnEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单独打开右侧红点热水旋阀,自来水经出水管、混合阀、喷头流出,出热水,出水压力由热水阀控制;单独打开左侧蓝点冷水旋阀,自来水直接经混合阀由喷头流出冷水,出水压力由冷水阀控制。当同时打开冷热水阀门时,冷水和热水在混合阀出水口混合,适当调节冷热水阀门大小,可得到所需水温。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CMIEdCiO0oCiMuxsjuGcOCZ4nUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)安全阀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Eum6dA6iQoGYOcxOUPKc3d3Tnfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在自来水压力突然增高或加热水温过热,造成内胆压力超过规定耐压值时,安全阀会自动排压,以保护内胆。在加热过程中,安全阀会有缓慢的滴水现象,不是故障,是一种正常现象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YGCEdWowUoieUkxKyNwcIBctnUg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":425,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b41181aa1d5a4c8d875265320248ecf3","width":745},"text":"","id":"RYIMdu4Cqoc4EGxwXfncl2GZnZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、工作原理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GmyedIIOqoeae6xUNwZcy3jHn2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"贮水式电热水器的加热分单加热器加热和双加热器加热两种。前者,--般用在容积不太大的热水器中;后者、往往用于容积较大的热水器中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OWqSdAaAioQkWMxEVekc7UZtncg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、速热式电热水器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DSKod68S0o20WSxqC48c6n8enme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"快速热水器一般在接通电源、开启水阀后,仅需十几秒就会有充足的热水源源流出,因此也称流动式或即热式电热水器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VU0Kdg0uMoC8ogx6azGccJl1nIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、基本结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DecCdoQWWok8a2xi2Wccp2g6npb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"快速热水器主要由外壳、内腔、电热元件、压力开关和温度控制等部分组成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DICsdMQ2uoKQmUx2RktcUhz5nEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、工作原理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NSy4duKQKouamqxsB9XcQ3NAn0f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)腔体式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CWawdoSououGGAxSM2vcAyuznwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开进水阀门,水流入腔体。当水充满腔体后,在水压和重力作用下,使橡皮膜下凹,从而带动通过膜片中心的通水管子上端,使触点闭合接通电源,这样电阻丝通电发热,被加热的水沿通水管上开有的小孔流入管内,再经过莲蓬头喷射出来,供人们使用。当停止进水时,靠橡皮膜弹力恢复使触头断开,从而切断电源。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SEwWdwcICoEuA0xO02FcSwJ0nZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)水槽式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IKYIdQOSOow86cxE6smc1JNZnPM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在未接通水源时,压力开关处于常态(触点断开),微动开关s不动作,从而继电器线圈不通电,这时整机不工作。接通水源后,因水压升高,这时压力开关触点动作,继电器KA吸合,主电路触点闭合,指示灯HL点亮,这时只要将转换开关(功率调节器)根据需要调节在适当位置,电热元件即可工作,就会有热水从莲蓬头中源源不断流出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ow6CdMSQAoOCqCxM6DjcLzpenWc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":594,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c5ef3ba42b5c4b979caf872e28067009","width":1499},"text":"","id":"Nu4qdWYGkosu2wxeIb9clBTGnFb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常见故障分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NqkSdA84CosOaWx8gStc7Vy5nDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、电热水器检修工艺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O0yod2SIYoCMSexOItkcwiQIn5g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面以海尔电热水器为例,对电热水器的检修工艺过程介绍如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T08IdKAKUo0ycsxg7aVcNhtqn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、电源检查","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KYw2dIQOcoQO6WxCYELc3LXjncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用万用表交流电压档(~500V档)测量插座零线和火线,零线和地线是否接通,若不通为正常;反之,则电源不能使用,应修复。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FoS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","id":"C42edkkIMoCGU2xsZCKcyowcnQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)绝缘电阻用兆欧表测量应大于50MΩ。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TqKydyGSyoAU06xo3gFcIHZVnTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)电源的接地端与电热水器易触及金属部件之间的接地电阻应小于0.1Ω。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FIeWdmCcIoeaIexOycccnczpncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"安全性能测试合格后,才能按工艺要求将电热水器重新安装好,投入使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NQWGdGC8IoecOMxKEzNcQiLZnLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、电热水器常见故障分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PqwGd8oYio8QMUx0EOwcTS1unMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、出水不热","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hiw0d8O2aoyyOQxcn0ScY4iwnGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)冷热水调节不当:这是由于热水阀开得太小,冷水阀开得太大造成的。应适当调节冷热水阀的开度,使出水温度适合使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NKgWdIieuo4EkIx2PHZc87npnDd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常见故障分析","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/255d3584b2d943dd9dac61833a768876","width":877},"text":"","id":"LgIsd08suoSgcqx6nqrczDq4nDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)电源未接通:调整电源插头或开关,使其接触良好。若采用的是漏电保护插头,应将其“复位按钮”按下,排除以上故障若仍不能接通电源,应拆开电热水器仔细检查回路是否有导线脱落、断开等情况,若有,应及时排除。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DqUUdkwm4o8sUwx8Vg6c8eOjnkd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":430,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常见故障分析","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7525bc62aad642a98962870140d6b9c4","width":602},"text":"","id":"LiOydYyacoMOaExcx55cYrvunVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)电加热器损坏:用万用表电阻档测量电热元件电阻值,正常情况下,1kW电热水器,电阻为49Ω左右;3kW,16Ω左右。功率不同的电热水器,其电热元件的阻值不同。若电阻为无穷大,说明电热元件损坏,应予更换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QOSidOkc0okWmmxGsh3ca1E2nEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)温控器损坏:当温控器触头接触不良或感温体内感温剂泄漏时,可引起温控器不能正常工作。对于前者可拆开压力式温控器进行修复;对于后者只好更换新的压力式温控器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YIYidcmquoags8xkRVycrNrNnxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、出水温度太高","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SuAqdK84io4a8cx4SmYcOJCfnme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)冷热水调节不当:适当调节冷热水阀的开度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N26mdYGgwoYYMixg7uMcRjocnRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)温控器旋钮调节不当或触点粘连:将温控器旋钮调至温度较低处;对触点粘连的,可将温控器拆开,将粘连触点分开,并对触点进行研修、调整,经调整后,一般即可使用,必要时可进行更换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CSEkdASQSoqCEoxM7UVc9FRHnch"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":597,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常见故障分析","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cbf6dc3eb93f4a5d87512021c3e7b634","width":917},"text":"","id":"Kuq8d8goOoQocEx0UwocD7XmnCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)限温器失灵:检修限温器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MCoidKiAuoIcMyx0ETIcXvqCnQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、漏水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NCsCduU4Qo2aeixkBlDc1TuUnnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)管道连接处漏水:对接口密封不好造成的漏水,应重新安装接口;若属自来水压太高,应在自来水道上设置减压阀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KcA6dUOUkouQ40xiEPPcjXvsnaf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":583,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常见故障分析","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/33c965c6e47942b3a19736b9b5204fe1","width":872},"text":"","id":"Lgm8d2mSSo4OySxmOzYcSSIZnng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)安全阀接口漏水:是由于安全阀松扣或密封不好造成的,应重新拧紧和密封。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IoA4dEMyaoecUgx8onkcaBTpnUb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":669,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常见故障分析","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/35fca532fa97417faddbabccd68607f9","width":880},"text":"","id":"MgU2dMSyYo8kkoxGYhGcDCzZn9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、出水带电","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WQ8UdSiSGoKYmaxQfyOc6P8Anvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)出水口接地失效:重新接好接地线,保证接地电阻小于0.1Ω。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKgudacMKo4KuCx4XePcNCLGnqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)水中分布电流大:用细钢丝编织成网,包在出水口上,并与接地线良好接触。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BSwkdc4mcomsYqxgpWAcPDiBn0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)电热元件绝缘损坏或失效:更换电热元件,更换时要保持电气接触良好,有关密封部分不漏水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z0GudayU4o6OsWxfU6zcz9VDnHY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)内部导线绝缘层损坏,搭接在外壳或内胆上:拆开电热水器,检查出导线绝缘层损坏的部分,进行更换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IGYgdkOiMoI48ExzhN5cdE2NnLC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、进水困难","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GM6sdmQMKoUeoExMbRgcTMeJn8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)脏堵:主要是由于自来水水质不好,杂质超量,堵住进水口的逆止阀。设有进水滤网的热水器大都是滤网孔被堵。在确定水压正常后,关闭自来水供水总阀,清理管路,冲出胜物或清洗滤网。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VKO6d0828okQwKxQnSMckxnvnfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)汽堵:常见于密闭水箱贮水式电热水器中。其特征是:热水阀打开后,喷出大量水蒸气,此时应将调温器调到最小位置或切断电源,先将蒸汽从热水阀排出,然后打开冷水进水阀,使热水器排水,降低水温,再检修温控器;若热水阀打开后,热汽断续流出,量很小,一般是脏堵造成的。此时应开大热水阀和冷水进水阀,以降低水温,待水温降低后,检查热水阀是否脏堵,洗净后冷水便会从热水阀流出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Om8cdKyEioGG4sx44UlcqAPin2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)供水压力不正常:当供水管路因水压下降,供水压力低于贮水压力,逆止阀不能被顶开,会造成进水困难。这种故障,待水压正常后,故障即自行消失。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZuwGdq6CgoIaEIxUVQxc1rKjndc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UuAGdAwwOogeW4xWMVmcKBqMnrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用一段时间后,应取下喷头,按安装方法进行冲洗。长期使用后,若升温慢,应检查电热元件是否结垢,若结垢,可用去垢剂清除水垢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TIA2d8eaQokGsaxO2LIc2TaknLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"若漏水,应更换相应的橡胶密封圈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Nkigd2Eu4oi6glxym54cw4jJnI3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"若加热时蒸汽冒出,则表明恒温器失效。或感温头脱出,应关闭电路,经检查修复后再用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWgQdAcagoQ8EQx4eKDceRo9ncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"加热时因水的膨胀,喷头有时会有少量热水溢出,这属正常现象,不必过分用力拧紧热水阀,以免加速损坏密封圈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ss6idy4AeoMgOIx6mVccESPinPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"自来水阀可使用不带手轮的阀门或者安装好后取下手轮,以防误关此阀,导致水箱缺水而烧毁电热丝。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PWkydUIOIosqkaxcJT6coKeancb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"燃气热水器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EmkGd4cqCok2cGxUrnUcojNXnHd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CGMkdSwwmoIEGAxgfjucH3JmnZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目前,家用快速燃气热水器常见为壁挂式,适合淋浴使用,主要由水路系统、燃气系统、热交换系统、排烟系统和安全装置五大部分组成。其结构示意图如下所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V48udWcmQoakmMx4mVTcota2nAb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":897,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"结构","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2c3235234e654902a40487f338c99b13","width":1262},"text":"","id":"FuEKdyoIso8A8gxai9ccnk69nfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)水路系统主要包括进水阀、水膜阀等,其中水膜阀是关键部件,起控制水气联动装置的作用,当水源切断后立即切断燃气;水阀是控制冷水进入热水器流量大小的装置,水阀燃烧器在同样工作状态下,流量大的,输出热水温较低,反之则水温升高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZAm2dayWYoCUEcxMJCYcengxnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)燃气系统主要包括燃气调节阀、水气联动阀、常明火、主燃烧器。其中主燃烧器是热水器供热的主要部件;水气联动阀是由水流的压力差控制气阀的开启以防止空烧。燃气调节阀可调节进入主燃烧器气量,以达到调节水温的目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PQkGdYKICoeAC4xWGhIcqrfXnzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)热交换系统主要包括腔体、集热片和弯管。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PKW2dKGiioSk4Wx63PfchJSUnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)排烟系统包括热水器外壳、排气烟管和排烟口等。燃烧后的烟气,须经过排烟系统排出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AYK2dQ0k8os2qsxfWf4cL7JanCE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)安全装置主要包括由热电偶和电磁阀组成的熄火保护、缺氧保护、水气联动阀防止空烧、排水阀防止过水压和冻裂。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LIO6dcQuQo26iSxi295cllDhnZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面重点介绍燃气热水器主要部件结构原理","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EskWd8mkwogOQ4xamOBcLlK2nfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、点火装置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FuyudEG4IowISAxER0Dcc5P4nTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点火装置的作用是点燃小火(常明火)并保持其燃烧。当按下点火按钮时,小火管有燃气流出,此时点火器工作,点燃旁边的小火。燃气热水器的点火方式主要有压电陶瓷点火和电脉冲点火两种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LI8EdwICGo4GQCxmssIcx8VgnUb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":660,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"结构","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/31c6e50fd12c433eaa7a8a2f0f4ef21e","width":750},"text":"","id":"Ays6dC2OUogYgQxacJrcBM7nn1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、水气联动阀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NemcdiAkkos68wxRwRuc2P7anOi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水气联动阀是保证燃气热水器安全使用的重要部件,其主要作用是:当水压足够,水在热交换器中流动时,燃气才能进入主燃烧器进行燃烧;而当水流停止或压力不足时,自动切断燃气供给,以防因缺水面燃坏热水器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZucqdiI44os06GxkzQuclgJhnlb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"结构","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/516af55f2e064ad78b8c0992e136f804","width":800},"text":"","id":"AiKodKiUSok20ixkfGicQNhPnOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、燃烧器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SeSMdiUcSokiQyxqyOoc0AgOnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、常明火为点燃主燃烧器作准备,常明火有单独的燃气通路。同时常明火加热熄火保护装置中的热电偶,使电磁阀开闭燃气阀门。当由热电偶或双金属片构成的熄火保护装置一旦检测到常明小火熄灭,熄火保护装置将自动切断气源。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R4awdaOQ8o2IoixSIAGchMqCnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常明火点火管一般用铜管或不锈钢制成,为保证燃烧的稳定,大多采用大气式燃烧方式,即燃烧前预混一部分空气,由于这种燃烧方式火焰短而稳定,用它加热热电偶或热双金属片时,热量集中,不易产生误动作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UQwydCSUcoiQY6xkj83cR1hdn3d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、主燃烧器是燃气热水器提供热源的主要部件,热负荷较大,火力强而且集中,火焰高度实短不宜长,一般采用大气式燃烧器来满足要求,而且大多不设一次调节装置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VG4edEi6IoUGCUx2Z6vcuBr8n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加热成热水,经混合水管的冷水混合,就可从供热水龙头流出适合使用的热水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MEewdgsWSoIgKMxIplmcQs6cncg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当关闭出水口时,水气连动阀内的压差消失,从而关闭了水气连动阀的气阀,主燃烧器的火焰熄灭,热水停止流出,按下熄火键,点火键复位,关闭主气阀,常明火熄灭。此时熄火安全装置的热电偶的热电势下降,电磁阀关闭。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A0O0dIm0ioKm0SxwzdtcIdcJnFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下图为沈乐满牌SR-5型后制式燃气热水器电气原理图,供参考。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Gwgkd6s0UoKga6xuxulcO1r8nrb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":491,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2ca7e1e9708d4ed2bd13d22d98a85f5c","width":747},"text":"","id":"IcUudSAUuoeo4KxAZH7cl8sbnkf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检修","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KUwKdcGMqoAAawx0AeRcn9m8n3d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、常见故障分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IwMAd6im6oWEgixwR7Xc0bZTnZm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、打不着火或打火困难","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xkkwd2iQCooeiIxM3Glcjw7cnof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)刚打开气源时,由于气管内空气尚未排空,短时间内难以打火,只要多打几次,让气管内的空气排空后,便能成功点火。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RAYqdgComo6gaGxcXQXcxBYxnLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)喷嘴堵塞:在打火时有火星,而无法点燃火种,表明喷嘴有堵塞,此时只要将喷嘴进行清理即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYQUdm6GSoGKssxiADBcqAuHnPf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3b0bdf9d30bb4345978e7e4db0bfe4f3","width":800},"text":"","id":"FGSodKWMuoSkwCxozhzcg2fJnhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)点火针破裂或松动:多数热水器点火针绝缘体是用陶瓷制作的,若陶瓷破裂或点火针松动,就会造成没有对着火种进行点火,打不着火。此时应更换点火针或对点火针进行调整位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DEmYdgAiQoi6wSxCG30cyGlInDc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a4a5502894164d50adea808c8c9b7205","width":957},"text":"","id":"ZCiod26Mwou4cexUvPTc0aG7nKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)压电陶瓷失效手动式热水器一般是采用压电陶瓷点火,若点火时无点火火花,通常是压电陶瓷损坏造成的,应及时进行更换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IOECdwCkKouIuUxiS2PcZyMOnQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)水动式热水器电磁阀损坏,点火时,有火星而点不着火,此时先检查电磁阀接线是否良好,若未发现接线不良,应更换电磁阀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VGS6dwUusoSCQsxUz7Tc9RyanTh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bb059af299b04523b214eb7d6f88418b","width":976},"text":"","id":"KiU8dyQ2GoEIIqxk39sc31iHnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)水动式热水器点火时无火星此时按顺序检查电池是否有电或装反,电池盒是否有接触不良,微动开关是否损坏,电脉冲发生器和接线是否有故障。排除故障后即可点火。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EIAIdMQ4coEaQexkNRVcT03Tnrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、中途","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"燎火","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TA6sdkECcoS4w4xYTrmcO5m1nRM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)热电偶与电磁阀接触不良或失效:若在热水器使用过程中,偶然中途熄火,说明热电偶与电磁阀接触不良,此时应紧固两者的联接螺母;当热水器打火后,中途熄火的时间都较接近时,表明热电偶已开始失效,应尽早更换。当热水器每次中途熄火的时间不规则时,表明火种与热电偶的位置不太准确,应调整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P2e6dmQYKoS2O2x2bDwc2pzbn2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)燃气气压不稳定:适当调整气源压力或清洗火种喷嘴。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E8CadAy6koIIoWxCytEchxxMnMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3〉保护装置动作:当直排式热水器使用时间过长,且室内换气较差时,或热交换器(水箱)长期没有清洗而造成严重积炭,保护装置便会自动关闭气源,导致熄火。对于前者,需打开门窗,使室内空气流通,对于后者需定期(每年1~2次)清洗热交换器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PceMdqCgao8oQYxsrEqchR4SnZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)水动式热水器离子感应针被污染:若每次使用时,都要打2~3次火,应对感应针进行清洗,若经清洗,还有同样的问题出现,说明感应针的材质或电子点火器质量不良,应及时更换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IsiQdUOI0oMc4kxQLmAcCDwJnwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、漏气","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J82MdSsCYoQSwAxEvJUcIESInWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"漏气主要是由于密封用的密封圈破损老化或配合不严造成的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DomedSGCAogyOax8ertcguRAn0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)进水接头安装不良而漏气:重新安装平面胶圈,上紧并紧固气接头。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Be0CdOgCyokcMUxeYKFcAT3Xnsc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":587,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5cf67069ab4f4d0990f6a1095536e45f","width":1001},"text":"","id":"T88CdoiGCo8AmcxcN3QcIiG4nJe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)气阀体上联接面漏气:更换密封胶圈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SYc8ds8coomWo8xQ5QwcNiKfnWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)气阀芯上的润滑脂干而漏气:清洗气阀芯,重新均匀涂上润滑脂(二硫化钼),以确保气阀芯不再漏气。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PEgOdSGi4o2E4qxo3s4cg0t3nwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、漏水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ggcydkiuko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"width":842},"text":"","id":"Fi6sdICKGoeCWixiAP3cIfJwnwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)点燃热水器常明小火,对除垢液加温,待10~15min后,关闭常明小火,打开水温开关,将饮料瓶中剩下的除垢液全部流入热水器并从进水口排出(可重复几次)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SocOdwqKYoSMiMx8TvTcwc0JnGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)卸下饮料瓶,接好进水管,打开冷水阀门,用清水将热水器管道内残余的水垢及除垢液冲洗干净即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QoIMdYk2ioYkckxI9cUcqd4dnsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"15、水动式热水器有水流出,但不点火","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KYwed4IMuoSuW8xMzHvczQI4nZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水动式热水器是在打开进水阀门或热水阀门时,热水器便会自动点火,数秒钟后便有热水产生。当有水流而不点火时,其故障原因是多种多样的,可以按以下步骤进行检查并排除故障。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEGgds0YcoKK2AxYDbYcygLzncc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)打开水源开关,查看指示灯是否有亮,如果红色亮,表明电池已达到无电状态,需更换电池;如果绿色亮,但无“嗒,嗒,嗒”响声及点火火花,表明点火器高压包烧毁或高压线脱落,应重新连接高压线或更换点火器;如果指示灯不亮又无点火火花出现、应检查有没有安装电池或电池是否装反,如果电池安装正常,则需检查电源连线是否可靠,发现情况应及时排除。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Lci2dEE6QoYkkYxgbfkcx6S8nLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)当所有电导线未发现异常时,先检查微动开关〈有的热水器用水动磁控开关),用手按动微动开关或直接用导线(或旋具)进行短路连接,此时如果有点火动作,则证明是微动开关故障或开关拨片位置不对,应予以更换或调整。如果按动或短路微动开关,均无点火动作,则是点火器的故障,需更换点火器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KkkydUcEsockOmx6qzFcK2YCnib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)当打开水源开关后有点火火花而没有着火时,应先检查点火针位置是否对准燃烧器,然后再检查电磁阀的连线连接是否良好,同时可根据该热水器的用电池情况,对电磁阀接入3V(或1.5V)的直流电压,查看燃烧器是否着火,如有着火,则表明点火器输出电流不足,需更换;如未有着火,则表明电磁阀有故障,也需更换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DyKqdIsWOo6W4gxwTh1cR2gxnRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)如果上述几种方法都无法查出原因时,就要检查其他的安全保护装置,例如,过热保护装置是否熔断或开路;防止不完全燃烧装置的热电偶是否反接或开路;水气联动装置是否活动自如(反复开、关水源、微动开关拨片应左右移动,如果不动作则是水阀膜片穿孔或联动杆卡死等)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Aq00deQU6oM2msxMpAccnSNynKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)在各项检查前应先检查气源是否开启,连接气源的气管是否折叠或太长,如果气管太长,应先多点火几次,让气管内的空气排空后,方可点火成功。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pwmmd2cS8oS86WxSE4icjArLnCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"16、开水不着火或低温时熄火","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SuymdkuGso22GKxiCyoczW8CnNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)水压偏低因水压低,而无法打开水气联动阀,燃气就无法出来被点燃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HK6MdKA6EoYuAYxYHsHcZvbwnpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)水阀的橡胶薄膜破损、变形或偏心更换橡胶薄膜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R0i2d2SggoKQuoxIDE8cC9mWnsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)进水管滤网堵塞、淋浴喷头堵塞以及水阀内的文氏管松动︰平时必须经常清理。使热水器保持较佳使用状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S4yEdsWiOoYWSWx0u7kcVaEXnhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"17、开水熄火或未开水着火","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZwUsd68qWo4uSQx2J4lcWusznLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)冷热水阀门漏水或关闭不严,使热水器内有一定水压,打开水气联动阀而造成此故障更换或关严冷、热水阀门。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uugadk64UoYcyqxe4Vscr8f5nkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)水气联动阀内顶杆被卡死,或长期停用顶杆被粘着,胶圈变形造成顶杆运动缓慢而不熄火拆下顶杆清洗,并加润滑油。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CwEYdY4IuoKY0exms6scEj7Onid"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":585,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67d4303afc8f4cbdbac1a27d12465b66","width":774},"text":"","id":"YAQedQOUcomSAyxugZHcaQaDnJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)水气联动阀的气阀门弹簧器日久弹力不足更换弹簧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X4YKdWo4cocO2qxkRn2c3nCLngC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)水阀进水管因无滤网,造成杂质卡死水阀顶轴而不炮火﹑先清洗干净水阀内部,再在进水管补加滤网,以保证水质干净。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LgImdA6UkouQ4AxCsYYcUbTMnVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、故障代码与解决方案","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M6ISdc8sUoYKsExe2QAc2tK2noh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现在很多产品都自带有自检功能,会根据提示告诉你产品出现了什么问题,让用户能快速找到问题,并且解决问题,相当的智能化人性化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KwaEdO0iEouYI6xEByNc5lvjngg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":8304,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2a869e8cc069406ea3f5408b5f370b2a","width":616},"text":"","id":"XGAYdoqIaosoGWxsjUscVsaCn9e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BqqUd6y6coM8OAxQv08cmAINned"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、使用时应经常检查常明火是否正常工作,有无阻塞;如火焰微弱,应立即关闭燃气气源开关,待清除垢物后,再行点燃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Le6Md0ymAoA6aOxszUUcXzVRn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、热水器使用一段时间(一般为半年左右)后,应对水管、燃气管、容积式热水器的水箱等进行除垢,以防过滤网(见下图)被堵。水箱有沉积物,会影响热水器的正常使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W6aad4u04o82Gyx2FDkcL3lTnOZ"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":753,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"保养","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/27083823e9974b858eeaaf57205f769f","width":750},"text":"","id":"EqWcdqcaCoc00exAt9BcNQbEnNg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":697,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"保养","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a4c488af03148dbbef0aa77f5e12b43","width":861},"text":"","id":"OswidMM6sokaUExoz5oc2ofrnld"}],"text":"","id":"F406d6kySoiey4x62aAcU2zynCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、每隔数月,应清除热水器排气口、进气排气筒、热交换器及周围积炭和灰垢。如果发现大量积炭或有许多阻塞物时,可将热水器卸下,倒过来轻轻清除,也可用自来水冲洗,冲洗时严禁将水溅到燃烧器喷嘴和常明火上,待干燥后再安装使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F406d6kySoiey4x62aAcU2zynCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、一般情况下,热水器使用一年后,应对其做一次全面检查,查清供气和供水系统的各个装置是否完好、正常,有无漏气、漏水等异常现象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OmeCd8uScoQ28ixGu7Mcj6Y4nHc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、如使用的水质较硬,应在热水器的前端装配一水质软化装置,并及时清除热交换盘管(即蛇形管)或水箱的水垢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CuSGd6oGeoG6SoxSYucccWXUnke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"六、经常擦试外壳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HieqdSA6Wo860ixeaf0cviZqnqe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"太阳能热水器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WwScdUiE2oIC6Sxqa4xciFgbn8c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"结构原理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LqSidYs6WoomAOxKAMvcfN1FnQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"太阳能热水器一般由集热器、贮热装置、循环管路、辅助装置及淋浴喷头等部分组成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q2OqdWCMQoiuIox67v2cQ7S1nsb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":452,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"结构原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f518d1b3987f48128d5edf1d5a9af5b1","width":603},"text":"","id":"D4AydYeMeoI44sx2HrmcvYqonsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、集热器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HWyMdogGaoe0SUxgn3dcINFYnFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"集热器是太阳能热水器的关键部件,其性能好坏,对热水器的性能起着决定性的作用。按收集太阳能的不同原理,可分为平板型集热器和聚光型集热器两种。聚光型集热器只能聚集太阳的直射辐射能,需要对太阳进行跟踪,增加了装置成本,只有在需要附到较高温度等特殊场合使用;平板型集热器是目前应用较广泛的一种,它不仅能吸收太阳的直射辐射,还可以收集太刚的散射辐射。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Do2KdKEkuokQQyx6hLecByWvn5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、贮热装置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UOU4dc0Sio4uSsxWuEZcauvDnDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"贮热装置通常作为短期贮存热水、减少热损失的容器,贮热效果主要取决于装置保温性能的好坏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q8wcdUSOwooKUaxmmj7cu8eyn9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、循环管路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YYAqdO6AqoSWqux0A2dcHm6cnvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"循环管路的作用是连通集热器、贮热水箱,形成一个完整的循环加热系统。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pg6wdK8AMo4yWsxAbKRcuRTxnTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、辅助装置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CwSadUGGGoWcCgxXXXMcWBTwnnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"辅助装置的作用是使整个热水器装置能正常工作,并通过仪表加以显示。辅助装置包括水位显示装置、温度显示装置、循环泵、控制系统及辅助热源等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MqAYdGcOWoqK6GxEzFZcYnStnwd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检修","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BmcAdEMMMoQkI4xwxsGcnlx3nkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、太阳能热水器的常见故障及排除方法见下表。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEAsdsoAqoa2KwxuGlucf6WEnZf"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":276,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/22e275a6509142acbb6029ea83f1eac1","width":966},"text":"","id":"QyM4dcwYeoqIiUxikNrcRcSXnLb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":517,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eb615d2c769f443ea1c7f95292001079","width":959},"text":"","id":"OUWkdaoqsoaeCGxY7F5cSJyNnbb"}],"text":"","id":"FYIwdc6ySosIM2xO8rPcfC5DnKP"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、故障代码与解决方案","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FYIwdc6ySosIM2xO8rPcfC5DnKP"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":578,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3b7a96a809dc4593adca37f02d17874b","width":791},"text":"","id":"Ccewd2eE6ogoISxyaEic88jqnsg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TMWadoKWko4iIixSqg4csuginVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"必须经常保持集热器上盖的清洁;要防止空晒;使用一定时间后,应进行清洁处理,排除沉积的污垢;冬季停用时,必须将集热器及管道中的水排净,以防冻裂。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HIyIdM6keoy62WxqKC6crhC9n5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以上就是对热水器如何维修问题的介绍,希望能对您有所帮助!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G8qodwci8oYu8ex2FQmcczjmnff"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E5. G6D继电器
当闭合低压继电器电路的开关时,继电器线圈中就会有电流流过。根据电磁效应,此时线圈中的铁芯会产生电磁吸力。衔铁会在电磁吸力的作用下克服弹簧的拉力和铁芯吸合,同时衔铁远端的开关片将和高压电路的开关触点闭合,高压电路导通。
当断开低压继电器电路的开关时,继电器线圈中的电流消失,铁芯的电磁吸力也跟着消失。这时,衔铁会在弹簧的拉力下远离铁芯,远端的开关片也就同时和高压电路的开关触点断开,高压电路断开。
6. g6d-f4b 继电器原理
现在家家户户都离不开冰箱,冰箱对我们的生活有非常大的帮助,如果有吃不完的食物或者需要储存食物都可以存放在冰箱里,以防止食品的变质。这样既方便又容易。但是由于冰箱夜以继⽇地⼯作,有时难免会出现些故障,出现故障该怎么维修呢?
冰箱构造
维修冰箱,首先我们需要了解冰箱的构造。
家用电冰箱由箱体、制冷系统、温度控制装置三部分组成。
箱体
箱体的组成:外壳、内衬、绝热层、台面。
箱体的基本作用是绝热,绝热性能的优劣直接关系到箱体的保温性能。
箱体的隔热功能主要是从以下几个方面来实现的:
1、外壳与内衬之间填充绝热材料。
2、箱门装有磁性密封条防止冷气外漏和热空气侵入。
3、箱顶的顶板下面垫有高密度聚苯乙烯泡沫板,起隔热作用。
制冷系统
制冷系统组成:压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器、毛细管。
制冷系统自成一个封闭的循环系统。其中蒸发器安装在电冰箱内部的上方,其他部件安装在电冰箱的背面。
工作原理:系统里充灌了一种叫“氟里12(CF2Cl2,国际符号R12)”的物质作为制冷剂(氟利昂类包括氟利昂12和氟利昂11等等是一般传统的制冷剂,现在更多的是新兴的无氟制冷剂如R600a、R404a等,不过制冷原理是一样的)。氟里昂12在蒸发器里由低压液体汽化为气体,吸收冰箱内的热量,使箱内温度降低。变成气态的氟里昂12被压缩机吸入,靠压缩机把它压缩成高温高压的气体,再排入冷凝器。在冷凝器中气态的氟里昂12不断向周围空间放热,逐步液化成液体。这些高压液体必须流经毛细管,节流降压才能缓慢流入蒸发器,维持在蒸发器里继续不断地汽化,吸热降温。就这样,冰箱利用电能做功,借助制冷剂的物态变化,把箱内蒸发器周围的热量搬送到箱后冷凝器里去放出,如此周而复始不断地循环,以达到制冷目的。
内部汽化吸热 → 外部液化放热→ 箱内温度降低
温度控制装置
冰箱的温度控制装置叫温度控制器。它的主要作用是当箱内温度过高时接通压缩机,使制冷系统工作,从而使箱温降下来,当箱温降至要求的温度时,使压缩机断电。
故障检测方法
冰箱故障的检查方法一般可分为问、看、听、摸、测试等。通过检查,综合分析判断,逐渐缩小故障范围,找出故障点。
问
首先问明冰箱的使用情况、故障现象及使用年限,特别是旧机器,要了解机器的故障史及以前维修后的使用情况,对曾维修过制冷系统的机器,要多留意冰堵、脏堵、混入空气、冷冻油是否变质等故障。
看
1、首先看蒸发器结霜的情况,在压缩机运转的情况下,如果出现蒸发器表面无霜、结不满霜或结霜不实等情况,都说明制冷系统工作不正常。
2、冰箱冷冻室结冰,说明温控器温差过大,停机时间过长等因素造成的,直冷式双门冰箱的冷藏室蒸发器总是结满霜而无结霜、化霜交替变化,说明温控器发生故障。
3、检查制冷系统中管路的各个焊接处及蒸发器表面,看是否有渗漏的痕迹,凡渗漏处都会有油渍。
4、查看压缩机回气管是否结霜,如结霜,则说明制冷剂冲入量过多,对于间冷式冰箱,如压缩机回气管结霜,还应考虑是否由于风扇不转而引起。遇到这种情况,可以打开箱门,按下门框按钮,查看风扇是否旋转。
5、查看箱门是否有缝隙。如果箱门有缝隙,则冰箱保温性能差,导致压缩机开机时间长,停机时间短,而且冰箱结霜多。
听
1、接通冰箱电源,如果听到启动器“叭嗒”一声,压缩机在0.2秒至0.5秒内启动,随后压缩机发出轻微而且有节奏的运转声,说明压缩机启动正常。如压缩机发出沉闷的“嗡嗡”声,而后连续听到“叭嗒”的启动器触点断开、吸合的声音,有时还带有压缩机的振动声,最后可以听到热保护器“叭”的一声响,随后切断压缩机电源。此故障可以考虑以下原因:
a、电源电压低,压缩机卡缸、抱缸轴。
b、电动机扫堂。
c、电动机绕组短路。
d、电动机启动绕组开路。
e、气路系统管路堵塞。
f、启动继电器故障等。使用排除法,确定故障原因。
2、压缩机运转时,机壳内有明显的喷气声,说明压缩机排气缓冲管断裂漏气。若压缩机机壳有破裂声,说明压缩机高、低压阀片破裂、漏气。压缩机刚停机时,听到机壳内有明显的跑气声音,说明压缩机阀板的高低压纸垫被击穿、排气减震管泄漏、阀片磨损或阀片、阀口处积碳。压缩机运转时,如果机壳发出“当当”的撞击声,说明压缩机内支撑弹簧断裂或疲劳变形。
3、高压液态制冷剂通过毛细管进入蒸发器,迅速蒸发沸腾,同时发出“嘶嘶”的气流声音,并时常伴流水的声音,属于正常现象。如果听到蒸发器内有“叽叽”声,或者有断断续续的憋气声,故障通常为脏堵、油堵或者冰堵。周期性较长的断续喷气声一般为冰堵。若蒸发器内只有气流声,而且不结霜,说明系统内制冷剂基本漏完。
4、冰箱有时发出断断续续的噪音,往往是由于冰箱支脚落地不稳,制冷系统管路相互碰撞以及压缩机与箱体底座螺丝松动等原因引起共振造成的。
摸
冰箱正常运行时,制冷系统各个部分的温度通过触摸,可以对制冷系统状况有个大致的判断。(制冷系统各个部分的温度还受环境温度的影响,环境温度升高时,冷凝器、过滤器、回气管和压缩机的温度明显升高,反之,上述部分的温度明显降低。)
1、压缩机运转时,触摸冷凝器上部,应很热(大于55℃)。如不热,可能是制冷系统漏气、堵塞或压缩机没有排气压力等故障。
2、正常时,触摸干燥过滤器应有热的感觉(约55℃)。如制冷系统过脏,会造成干燥过滤器温度升高,对于刚刚维修过的冰箱,如果干燥过滤器温度过高,一般为毛细管阻流偏大,制冷剂充入量过大。
3、压缩机正常工作时,触摸压缩机回气管,应没有热感(接近于环境温度)。如果温度高,说明系统少制冷剂,管路微堵或系统中混入空气。如果感觉到冷或者有露水甚至结霜时,说明制冷剂充入量过多。
4、压缩机机壳的温度一般在70℃以下。即使在夏季,冰箱首次开机时,压缩机经过连续长时间的工作,机壳温度也不超过85℃。
5、如果蒸发器上结的霜用手一摸就脱落(称为虚霜),并且压缩机回气管结满霜,说明充入的制冷剂过多或新换的毛细管过粗、过短。
6、用手触摸蒸发器表面,如果发现蒸发器结不满霜,说明系统制冷剂不足或毛细管半堵塞。
测试
通过测量冰箱的温度、压力、开机与停机比、运转电流以及压缩机的绝缘电阻和直流电阻等,对冰箱进行检查。
1、测温度
用电机温度计测量电冰箱的温度。电冰箱的温度按国家标准吸气温度为三十二摄氏度,蒸发温度为负二十三摄氏度一下,排气温度为五十五摄氏度左右,过冷温度为三十二摄氏度左右。
1、冰箱靠近墙面放置会导致冰箱发烫,也不能在冰箱的周围覆盖东西,这样都会阻碍冰箱散热,使温度上升,应该保持冰箱有足够的空间散热。
2、在使用冰箱的时候不要打开频繁,频繁的打开冰箱会让里的温度升高,加大冰箱的工作量,冰箱长期处于运转状态就会使温度更高的。这时要减少开冰箱的次数。
3、停用之后特别是在夏季温度很高的时候,冰箱要达到设定的制冷温度会需要很长时间,长时间的运转就会使冰箱的温度升高,冰箱一旦使用最好不要停用了。
2、测压力
冰箱的正常压力值在0.03~0.08mpa。
a、吸气压力过高,通常由:制冷剂充入过多、新换毛细管过短、压缩机性能*的原因引起。
b、出现吸气压力为负压时,通常由:制冷剂不足、系统内有堵塞现象、新换毛细管太细、太长。
2、测量冰箱的开机与停机之比
冰箱的开机与停机之比与它的制冷系统、保温性能、温控器性能、调节位置、环境温度、电路系统、冰箱内食品的多少以及开门次数等有着直接的关系。
3、测量工作电流
1、如果工作电流大于额定电流,说明制冷剂充入量过多,制冷系统微堵、压缩机局部短路。
2、如果工作电流小于额定电流,说明制冷系统有泄漏或系统完全堵塞。
3、测量绝缘电阻和直流电阻:(对于匝间短路不严重或匝间绝缘不良的电机绕组,用电阻测量方法很难分辨电机故障,因此只能采用测量工作电流的方法来判断)。
缺少制冷剂,或蒸发器内有沉积的冷冻机油,导致压缩机效率降低。
冰箱故障分类
电冰箱的故障可分为电气系统故障和制冷系统故障两大类。
电气系统故障分析
电气系统主要包括温控部分和压缩机电动机控制部分。由此而引起的故障现象是电冰箱接通电源后压缩机不起动和接通电源后压缩机运转不停。
1、首先用万用表欧姆挡测量冰箱电源插头的阻值。
压缩机的三个接线端子以及与起动器之间的接线情况如图所示:C——公共端、M——运行端、S——起动端。
各绕组间直流电阻值如下:运行绕组C、M两端约10.5Ω;起动绕组C、S两端约22Ω;而运行和起动绕组阻值的和即S、M端的阻值约为32.5Ω。正常时电路所有的开关触点都接通,对于重锤起动器式的冰箱,因重锤式起动器触点未通电而未接通,回路阻值为压缩机运行绕组的阻值,一般为10—20Ω左右,对于PTC起动冰箱,回路的直流电阻为起动器20Ω阻值与起动绕组串联后再与运行绕组并联,所以其电阻略小于压缩机运行绕组的阻值。
通过测得的阻值来判断电路的工作状态,阻值偏大时,要检查温度控制器、过载保护器、压缩机电动机以及线路和触点接触情况,阻值偏小时一般是短路,主要检查压缩机电动机及其线路。
2、要进一步判断还要对冰箱通电检查。
通电前先检查温控器开关是否正常。如温度控制器装在电冰箱的冷藏室内,当放置的环境温度低于设计温度时不会起动运转,故有的冰箱设计了冬季补偿开关,补偿开关打开后则温度控制器感温管附近的加热器开始加热,强制升温使压缩机运转,目的是牺牲冷藏室的正常温度而保证冷冻室的温度。
如果温控器内的开关都正常,而通电后压缩机不起动,可用一根导线短接重锤式起动器的两个静触点,注意导线短接时间不要太长,以不超过2s为宜,时间长将会使起动绕组烧坏。如果短接后冰箱能起动,说明起动器有故障,重锤式起动器长期起动易使触点烧坏,测量时拆下起动器,用万用表欧姆RX1挡,将两表笔插入接线柱插孔内。起动器正着放时相当于正常运转状态,即未接通,万用表测量阻值为无穷大;将起动器倒过来时相当于起动状态,万用表指示为0Ω,则说明起动器是好的。
如果用导线短接后仍不能起动,就需要检查保护器。可用短接法检查保护器,将保护器的两个接线铜片短接起来,如果冰箱能够起动运转,说明保护器有故障,可能是电热丝烧断或碟形双金属片受阻不能下翻,如果冰箱仍不能起动,则是压缩机或起动器有问题。检查时,把起动器和保护器拆下,露出电动机的三根接线柱。测每两个接线柱之间的电阻值,如正常,说明电动机绕组没有故障。如不正常,不要急于拆开压缩机,可以采用直接接通电源的方法进行检查。具体办法是:用带有电源插头的两根电源线接在M、C接线柱上,也就是运行绕组上,再用螺钉旋具作为导线同时碰触M和S端,然后把插头插入电源插座,如果电动机和压缩机没有故障,就会起动。起动2s左右,就要把螺钉旋具移开,电动机进入正常运转。如果检查压缩机能起动运转,说明电动机没有故障,故障发生在电动机外部,可能是外引线折断或接线柱接触不良,也可能是环境温度过低等。否则为压缩机故障。
制冷系统故障分析
电冰箱不制冷
电冰箱运转不停,但是不制冷,冷凝器不热,蒸发器不凉。这种故障一般出现在制冷系统。
可能原因是制冷剂泄漏,或者冰堵、脏堵,或是压缩机有故障。由于制冷系统是封闭的,所以可通过观察管路表面有无油污、用手触摸各部分的温度、耳听运行声音来检查。
1、检查管路表面是否有油污
仔细检查冷凝器、过滤器、毛细管、蒸发器;吸气管、压缩机外壳及管路结合处。如果发现有油污,说明制冷剂泄漏。这时可切开压缩机的工艺管。如果有少量的制冷剂喷出,就进一步证明是制冷剂泄漏。
如果没有油污,则需要进一步检查压缩机的温度。
2、检查压缩机的温度
用手摸压缩机,如果压缩机的温度不太高,和运转时差不多,说明管路畅通,没有堵塞现象,而可能是高压缓冲管破裂、活塞穿孔、排气阀同吸气阀短路等。这时可切开高压排气管,排出制冷剂。
3、检查压缩机开机时的情况
切断电冰箱的电源,打开箱门;使制冷系统各个部件恢复到室温。然后接通电源,电冰箱启动运转。如果开始时蒸发器结霜较好,冷凝器发热,低压吸气管发凉;由冰箱上部能听到气流声和水流声,但过一会儿,蒸发器结霜融化,只在毛细管同蒸发器结合部位结有少量霜;冷凝器不热,低压吸气管不凉,用耳朵贴近电冰箱上部听不到声音,说明出现了冰堵。这时如果用热毛巾敷在毛细管同蒸发器的结合处,又能重新制冷,则进一步证实是冰堵。
如果开机的时候不见蒸发器结霜,冷凝器不热,低压气管不凉,用耳朵贴近电冰箱上部听不到声音,则可以初步认为发生了脏堵。这时,可以切断高压排气管,排出制冷剂,用手指按住排气管,启动压缩机,如果手指感到有较大的压力,说明管路发生脏堵。
电冰箱制冷效果差
电冰箱运转不停,但箱内温度达不到要求,制冷效果差。这可能是由于使用不当或箱门关闭不严造成的。也可能是制冷系统故障引起的。一般应先检查使用情况和箱门情况,再检查制冷系统。
1、检查使用情况
首先要了解环境温度。如果高于43℃,制冷效果差一些是正常的。如果环境温度不高,要打开箱门检查。如果箱内食品太多,特别是放入了温度高的食品,食品释放出大量的热量;或者打开箱门次数太多,外界热空气不断进人箱内,或者未及时化霜等,所有这些都会使电冰箱长时间运转不停,制冷效果差。
2、检查箱门
电冰箱箱门关闭不严,热空气会从缝隙处不断进入箱内。这可能是磁性门封条失去磁性、老化变形,或是箱门翘曲造成的。
3、检查制冷系统
如果使用情况正常,箱门又能关闭严密,那么制冷效果差的故障就出在制冷系统。由于制冷系统仍能工作,因此,可能是制冷剂部分泄漏、部分冰堵或部分脏堵,也可能是压缩机内部故障。
检查的顺序是首先观察管路表面有无油污。如果有油污,说明制冷剂部分泄漏,这时可以切开工艺管,灌入适量的氟里昂制冷剂,再次启动运转。如果运转正常,证明是制冷剂部分泄漏。如果管路表面没有油污,可检查开机时的情况。如果开机时制冷正常,蒸发器结霜良好,在电冰箱上部能听到气流声和水流声,但过了一会儿制冷效果变差,只能听到微弱的气流声和流水声,说明是部分冰堵。
如果开机时制冷效果就差,用耳朵贴近冰箱上部只能听到微弱的气流声和水流声,这可能是脏堵或压缩机内部故障,需要进一步检查。这时,可切开工艺管,灌入适量的氟里昂制冷剂,并接入气压表,启动压缩机。如果气压表所示气压下降到正常值(0.06~0.08MPa)以下,说明压缩机内部没有故障,只是管路有部分脏堵。如果气压下降到正常值以上,说明压缩机性能下降,严重时需要拆开压缩机详细检查和修理。
如果制冷系统混入空气,或者制冷剂充加过多或不足,都可能影响制冷效果。
制冷系统中充加过多的制冷剂,会使过多的制冷剂在蒸发器内不能很好蒸发,液体制冷剂返回压缩机中,这样压缩机的吸气量减少,制冷系统低压端压力升高,又影响蒸发器内制冷剂的蒸发量;造成制冷能力下降。同时,过多的制冷剂会占去冷凝器的一部分容积,减少散热面积,使冷凝器的冷却效率降低,吸气压力和蒸发温度也相应提高,吸气管出现结霜现象。遇到这种情况,必须及时将多余的制冷剂排出制冷系统,否则不但不能提高降温效果,反而使压缩机有液击冲缸的危险。
制冷系统充加的制冷剂过少时,会使蒸发器的蒸发表面积得不到充分利用,制冷量降低,蒸发器表面部分结霜,吸气管温度偏高。遇到这种情况,可以补充适量的制冷剂。
常见故障及检修
通电后电机不起动且无嗡嗡声
1、故障原因:保险熔断
排除方法:按要求更换保险丝
2、故障原因:接线松脱,插头接触不良
排除方法:检查线路,接好松脱处,插好插头
3、故障原因:电机绕组短路、断路或转子卡死
排除方法:检修或重绕
4、故障原因:起动继电器绕组烧断
排除方法:更换
5、故障原因:温控器开关未闭合,旋钮处于“0”(或停)位置
排除方法:调整温控器开关,使其闭合
6、故障原因:过载继电器的接触未闭合,或热电阻丝烧断
排除方法:检查并调整使触点闭合,更换电阻丝
通电后电机不起动但有嗡嗡声
1、故障原因:电源电压过低(低于187V)
排除方法:拔下电源插头,等电压正常后再插上,或加装稳压器
2、故障原因:起动继电器未闭合或接触不良
排除方法:修理或更换
3、故障原因:电机起动绕组断路
排除方法:重绕起动绕组
4、故障原因:起动电容器短路、短路或失效
排除方法:更换或检修
5、故障原因:压缩机负荷过重或制冷剂充灌过多
排除方法:重新调整或减少制冷剂
完全不制冷
1、故障原因:电源插头松动或脱落
排除方法:重新插好电源插头
2、故障原因:电源保险丝熔断
排除方法:按要求更换保险丝
3、故障原因:停电
排除方法:待恢复供电时再使用
4、故障原因:电源电压过低
排除方法:拔下电源插头,待电压正常后再插上或加装稳压器
5、故障原因:温度控制钮在“0”(或“停”)的位置
排除方法:调整温控器旋钮,使其处于某一适当位置,开关触点闭合
6、故障原因:过载保护断电器断路或起动继电器触点接触不良
排除方法:修理或更换
7、故障原因:压缩机卡死或电动机故障
排除方法:修理或更换
8、制冷剂漏失或毛细管堵塞、干燥过滤器脏堵
排除方法:修理
冷藏室温度偏高
1、故障原因:温控器旋钮调得不合适(数字过小)
排除方法:重调温控器旋钮至数字较大位置
2、故障原因:电冰箱受阳光直射、接近热源或冷凝器较脏,散热不佳
排除方法:重新放置电冰箱,清洁冷凝器
3、故障原因:冷藏室放置食物过多、过密或放入热的食物
排除方法:减少与重新放置贮存食物,留出适当空隙,热的食物放凉后再放入
4、故障原因:开门过于频繁或开门时间过长
排除方法:减少开门次数和时间
5、故障原因:蒸发表面结霜过厚(超过5mm)或结冰
排除方法:将霜或冰化掉
6、故障原因:门封不严
排除方法:检修并适当调平箱体(稍后仰)使门封严密
7、故障原因:箱内照明灯不熄灭
排除方法:检修照明灯开关
8、故障原因:冷藏室温控风门温控器失控,使风门开不大或风扇不转
排除方法:修理或更换
9、故障原因:压缩机阀门损坏
排除方法:修理
冷藏室温度过低而使上层食品被冻结
1、故障原因:室温偏低而温控器调得不合理(数字太大或调到强冷点、不停点)
排除方法:重调温控器旋钮至数字较小的位置
2、故障原因:温控器触点粘连不停车或感温管失控
排除方法:修理或更换
3、故障原因:误将水分多而容易冻结的食物放在上部搁架
排除方法:将易冻结的食物放在冷藏室下部
4、故障原因:温感风门温控器旋钮调得不合理(置冷点)或失控,或风门关不上
排除方法:重调温感风门温控器旋钮
5、故障原因:温度补偿加热器损坏
排除方法:更换温度补偿加热器
冷冻室温度偏高
1、故障原因:室温偏高而温控器旋钮调得不合理(数字过小)
排除方法:重调温控器旋钮至数字较大位置
2、故障原因:开门过于频繁或开门时间过长
排除方法:减少开门次数和时间
3、故障原因:门封不严
排除方法:检修门封,使其严密
4、故障原因:制冷剂漏失
排除方法:找出漏洞,放气补焊,再抽真空重新灌入制冷剂
5、故障原因:充灌制冷剂过多或过少
排除方法:重新调整或充灌制冷剂
6、故障原因:压缩机制冷效率下降
排除方法:拆修压缩机
7、故障原因:翅片蒸发器被冰箱堵塞或毛细管堵塞
排除方法:确定原因后检修
8、故障原因:冷风循环风扇不转或运转不正常
排除方法:修理或更换
9、故障原因:结霜厚而未清除
排除方法:清除结霜
压缩机长时间运转不能自动停机
1、故障原因:箱内一次性放入过多温度较高的食品或连续冻结大量冰块
排除方法:适当减少放入食物,并放凉后再放入,减少冻冰量
2、故障原因:开门过于频繁或开门时间过长
排除方法:减少开门次数和时间
3、故障原因:温控器误调到不停点
排除方法:按需要重调温控器
4、故障原因:制冷剂漏失
排除方法:找出漏孔,放气补焊,再抽真空,重新充灌制冷剂
5、故障原因:毛细管被杂质污物堵塞(脏堵)
排除方法:用热毛巾敷裹毛细管解冻或更换毛细管
6、故障原因:毛细管被冰堵塞(冰堵)
排除方法:放掉制冷剂,烘干分子筛过滤器,重新抽真空后充灌制冷剂
7、故障原因:电冰箱环境温度过高(大于40度)或空气对流受阻
排除方法:调换放置位置,改善空气对流
8、故障原因:温控器触点粘连或或感温管松动失控
排除方法:断电后将温控器旋至“停”点再旋回原定点通电。若仍不正常,则更换
9、故障原因:箱壁或门壁隔热层中流入水或结冰
排除方法:干燥隔热层
压缩机运转时噪声大
1、故障原因:箱体未放平稳
排除方法:重新调平放稳
2、故障原因:电冰箱背后与其他物件或墙壁触碰
排除方法:适当调整位置或物件,使它们脱离触碰
3、故障原因:电冰箱背部的接水盘脱离原位置而振动发声
排除方法:重新放好接水盘,并垫上泡沫塑料
4、故障原因:风扇与其他部件碰撞
排除方法:移动风扇位置
5、故障原因:管道与箱件碰撞
排除方法:挪动管道,拧紧固定螺丝
6、故障原因:压缩机减振胶垫压得过紧或老化变硬
排除方法:调松或列换胶垫
7、故障原因:压缩机内部噪声大
排除方法:拆修或压缩机
压缩机运转时间过长而停机时间过短
1、故障原因:制冷剂泄露使制冷效果变差
排除方法:查漏补焊
2、故障原因:温控器旋钮误调在强冷档,达到最低温度需要压缩机长期运转
排除方法:重调温控器旋钮
3、故障原因:箱门未关闭,漏入热量多,使压缩机运转时间长
排除方法:检查门封,关严箱门
4、故障原因:制冷剂充灌得过多,制冷效果差
排除方法:调整毛细管长度或重调制冷剂量
5、故障原因:环境温度偏高,散热效果差
排除方法:改善电冰箱周围散热条件
6、故障原因:电冰箱内放入过多食品,热负荷过大
排除方法:调整放入食品的数量
7、故障原因:压缩机进、排气阀有漏气
排除方法:拆修或更换
电冰箱内温度正常但压缩机起动频繁
1、故障原因:感温管与蒸发器接触不良,未靠近蒸发器,使感温失真
排除方法:重调感温管位置
2、故障原因:起动触点接触不良,时断时通
排除方法:调整触点连接铜片,使其接触可靠
3、故障原因:温控器旋钮位置不当
排除方法:重调温控器至合适位置
4、故障原因:过载安全保护继电器接点与电热丝位置过近
排除方法:重新调整过载螺钉,使两者相距适当
电冰箱能制冷但箱内照明灯不亮
1、故障原因:灯泡损坏
排除方法:更换相同规格的灯泡
2、故障原因:照明灯泡与灯座接触不良
排除方法:将灯泡拧紧
3、故障原因:照明灯电路断线
排除方法:查出断线处并修复
4、故障原因:门灯开关接触不良
排除方法:拆开灯开关,重新调整弹簧压力,使其接触良好
照明灯不亮且压缩机不工作
1、故障原因:保险丝熔断
排除方法:查出原因,更换同规格新保险丝
2、故障原因:电源插头与插座连线断路
排除方法:查出断线处,修复或更换
3、故障原因:电源插头接触不良
排除方法:调整接触或更换
4、故障原因:停电
排除方法:拨下电源插头,待来电时再工作
门将关上时照明灯不熄灭
1、故障原因:门灯开头失灵
排除方法:修复或更换
2、故障原因:开关位置不对,关门时未能压下按钮,以切断照明灯电路
排除方法:调整门灯开头位置(包括温控器位置),使开头正常工作
温控器置于通常使用位置时保险丝熔断
1、故障原因:包括电冰箱在内的家电电器总负荷已超过保险丝的额定电流
排除方法:在家用小火表、布线等容量允许的前提下,适当加大保险丝规格
2、故障原因:单相交流电动机起动电容损坏而产生短路
排除方法:更换新的同规格电容器
3、故障原因:起动继电器触点粘连
排除方法:修理或更换
4、故障原因:压缩机定子线圈或电源插头短路
排除方法:查明原因后修复
电冰箱放置处积水
1、故障原因:泄水系统堵塞或软管破裂,使融霜水从冷藏室内溢出
排除方法:查出原因,排去堵塞物或更换软管
2、故障原因:接水盒(盆)中融霜水过满而溢出
排除方法:及时倒掉接水盒(盆)中水,有自动蒸发皿者,检查有关加热蒸发装置有否故障,并排除之
3、故障原因:滤水器堵塞
排除方法:排除堵塞物
4、故障原因:环境空气过于潮湿,遇冷凝结成水
排除方法:改善放置环境,使其干燥通风(就冰箱而言,此并非故障)
冷冻室封条被冻住
1、故障原因:门封条损坏
排除方法:用热毛巾或电吹风对门封条冻结处加热,待门拉开后,再修复或更新封条
2、故障原因:设有门封电热丝的电冰箱,门封电热丝失效
排除方法:拉开门后,更换门封电热丝
打开箱门有难闻臭味
1、故障原因:电冰箱内有腐败的残渣、废物、剩水等
排除方法:彻底清扫,可用清洁剂或苏打水清洗
2、故障原因:存放有浓味的羊肉、牛肉等食品而未用保鲜膜或塑料袋封装,使气味扩散
排除方法:用保鲜膜、塑料袋(或瓶、罐)封装食品
3、故障原因:制冷剂泄漏数量很多,使其影响贮存食物的质量,产生异味
排除方法:检漏、修复
4、故障原因:箱壁隔热层破损,水蒸汽侵入造成腐烂变质而产生怪味
排除方法:更换隔热层或内胆、注意防潮
5、故障原因:电冰箱久置未用,而又未稍打开箱门,造成启用后有霉味散出
排除方法:清洁、同时用市售除臭剂清除电冰箱内的异味
冷冻食品变味
1、故障原因:冷冻食品未用塑料袋或保鲜纸严密包装而串味
排除方法:冷冻食品应使用烹袋或保鲜膜封装
2、故障原因:制冷剂严重泄漏,被冷冻食品吸收而产生异味
排除方法:检漏、补焊
3、故障原因:隔热层材料破损,其气味为冷冻食品所吸收
排除方法:更换隔热层或内胆
4、故障原因:冰盘在制冰前未洗净,融霜水滴入,而使冰块味不正
排除方法:制冷前先洗净制冰盘
电动机运转中过热
1、故障原因:制冷剂充灌过多或有空气存在,致使排气压力过高
排除方法:检修、抽真空并排除多余制冷剂
2、故障原因:毛细管或干燥过滤器堵塞,使电动机负载增大而过热
排除方法:检查、排堵或更换
3、故障原因:电压过低(低于187V),使工作电流增大而电机过热
排除方法:待电压正常时再工作,或采用稳压器
4、故障原因:起动电容器损坏,使电动机难起动或转速慢,起动电流剧增而引起电机过热
排除方法:更换新电容器
5、故障原因:电动机轴承损坏或部分绕组短路
排除方法:更换轴承,拆修或重绕电机绕组
6、故障原因:蒸发器或冷凝器管道中有堵塞
排除方法:检查后排除堵塞
有电线烧焦味
1、故障原因:电源线被压在箱底下,使电线短路
排除方法:取出电源线,更换或修复
2、故障原因:电源线贴在冰箱压缩机外壳,因高温致使塑胶线绝缘层烤出焦味
排除方法:移开电源线,并修复或更换
3、故障原因:电动机起动继电器线圈短路而发出焦味
排除方法:检查并拆修、更换
4、故障原因:全自动化霜定时温控器线圈短路而发出焦味
排除方法:检查并拆修、更换
5、故障原因:压缩机线圈短路而发出焦味
排除方法:检查并重绕
接触箱体或开门时有麻电感
1、故障原因:电冰箱未设接地线,或接地线障碍
排除方法:加接接地线,或检查修整,使接地可靠
2、故障原因:因严重受潮,致使机壳与电器部件的绝缘性能降低(与地绝缘电阻小于2MΩ)
排除方法:擦干或烘干潮湿机电件
冰箱的保养
定期适当保养可以延长冰箱的使用寿命。保养冰箱前务必拔下电源插头。
1、经常清理冰箱背面或底部冷凝器和压缩机上的灰尘。可使用吸尘器或毛刷除尘。注意不要用湿布去擦冷藏器和压缩机上灰尘。
2、冰箱长期停用时,应先切断电源,取出箱内一切食品,将箱内外清理干净,敞开箱门数日,使箱内充分干燥并散掉冰箱内的异味。
3、检查排水管。如果排水管堵塞,水就会漏到冰箱内。要用铁丝捅一捅排水管,除去积在排水管上的东西。
4、不要忽略门封胶条的清洗,将漂白剂用10倍的水稀释后用牙刷蘸湿清洗,最后用水将漂白剂冲去。胶条脏污易老化,会影响冰箱的密封性,增加耗电量。
5、检查振动、噪音以及压缩机的温度。运行中摸压缩机外壳,不应有明显的振动感,白天不应听到压缩机明显启动的声音。
6、注意检查电源线上是否有裂缝,防止漏电。
7、用温水或中性洗涤剂将冰箱内外清洗并擦干,敞开冰箱门通风干燥一天。
清洁冰箱外壳最好每天进行,用微湿柔软的布每天擦拭冰箱的外壳和拉手。清理内胆前先切断电源,把冰箱冷藏室内的食物拿出来。软布蘸上清水或食具洗洁精,轻轻擦洗,然后蘸清水将洗洁精拭去。拆下箱内附件,用清水或洗洁精清洗。清洁冰箱的“开关”、“照明灯”和“温控器”等设施时,请把抹布或海绵拧得干一些。内壁做完清洁后,可用软布蘸取甘油(医用开塞露)擦一遍冰箱内壁,下次擦的时候会更容易。用酒精浸过的布清洁擦拭密封条。如果手边没有酒精,用1:1醋水擦拭密封条,消毒效果很好。用吸尘器或软毛刷清理冰箱背面的通风栅,不要用湿布,以免生锈。清洁完毕,插上电源,检查温度控制器是否设定在正确位置。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"现在家家户户都离不开冰箱,冰箱对我们的生活有非常大的帮助,如果有吃不完的食物或者需要储存食物都可以存放在冰箱里,以防止食品的变质。这样既方便又容易。但是由于冰箱夜以继⽇地⼯作,有时难免会出现些故障,出现故障该怎么维修呢?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSyaYSMYkYY84qoV2iLlVne"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱构造","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny8eWwigYgSUQ8B2GpJ78Ff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"维修冰箱,首先我们需要了解冰箱的构造。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQyE6KSg8OI8k007VUWSVIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"家用电冰箱由箱体、制冷系统、温度控制装置三部分组成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmSCk8uQ66iuKo7nX7jXsvc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"箱体","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnayKYwqc2aSaIqTFWmyQA4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"箱体的组成:外壳、内衬、绝热层、台面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8KsI4gkwyMgiArkeOsusSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"箱体的基本作用是绝热,绝热性能的优劣直接关系到箱体的保温性能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkcE4suUEyqGSCgGIRnNqFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"箱体的隔热功能主要是从以下几个方面来实现的:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAU2WSyqI82ICIviF7MEYDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、外壳与内衬之间填充绝热材料。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuCuEMewA6OqyED0xZfd75b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、箱门装有磁性密封条防止冷气外漏和热空气侵入。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnME4SIQWOsGWQMD1JnMlQwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、箱顶的顶板下面垫有高密度聚苯乙烯泡沫板,起隔热作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2wAm8k4ICI2weMCwLxKqOd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1164,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"箱体","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6c2f46848b8347c38d19a62d7008859e","width":1214},"text":"","id":"doxcnYcaY0ugwqaasGBuWP5Pwpb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"制冷系统","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnssIE6I2CgMMmG8oNMWpmRe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"制冷系统组成:压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器、毛细管。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYSCskYUQ4cUKIHKQRUYpod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"制冷系统自成一个封闭的循环系统。其中蒸发器安装在电冰箱内部的上方,其他部件安装在电冰箱的背面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoQk8A6cYG6Q0ik1MiiFAVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"系统里充灌了一种叫“氟里12(CF2Cl2,国际符号R12)”的物质作为制冷剂(氟利昂类包括氟利昂12和氟利昂11等等是一般传统的制冷剂,现在更多的是新兴的无氟制冷剂如R600a、R404a等,不过制冷原理是一样的)","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。氟里昂12在蒸发器里由低压液体汽化为气体,吸收冰箱内的热量,使箱内温度降低。变成气态的氟里昂12被压缩机吸入,靠压缩机把它压缩成高温高压的气体,再排入冷凝器。在冷凝器中气态的氟里昂12不断向周围空间放热,逐步液化成液体。这些高压液体必须流经毛细管,节流降压才能缓慢流入蒸发器,维持在蒸发器里继续不断地汽化,吸热降温。就这样,冰箱利用电能做功,借助制冷剂的物态变化,把箱内蒸发器周围的热量搬送到箱后冷凝器里去放出,如此周而复始不断地循环,以达到制冷目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCQqycyuqcCccDixbv54foA"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1260,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"制冷系统","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4967c1671e144373873c954bb06dd43d","width":1469},"text":"","id":"doxcnEmouOeuwckuwEl3LH9awxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"内部汽化吸热 → 外部液化放热→ 箱内温度降低","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2gGgosKSUascMhUQG1ORee"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"温度控制装置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Su2Gs6WUUGQA1XeAg9OBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱的温度控制装置叫温度控制器。它的主要作用是当箱内温度过高时接通压缩机,使制冷系统工作,从而使箱温降下来,当箱温降至要求的温度时,使压缩机断电。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncckYKGuqYiKi48GDJMHztd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":382,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"温度控制装置","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/39a6b879e3344178832abdf1454f1748","width":606},"text":"","id":"doxcnwO8YKkeO04wisD6Bm7KIwe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检测方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkS2oIqsICgmi0WfAdYkQpd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱故障的检查方法一般可分为问、看、听、摸、测试等。通过检查,综合分析判断,逐渐缩小故障范围,找出故障点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYSau22KUECqa4ryfhanyth"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"问","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWEU4SooCiMYOqyJjX9Qgwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先问明冰箱的使用情况、故障现象及使用年限,特别是旧机器,要了解机器的故障史及以前维修后的使用情况,对曾维修过制冷系统的机器,要多留意冰堵、脏堵、混入空气、冷冻油是否变质等故障。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKkkkmoWqAMqGMHnbCOwPTe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"看","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKEImAuCyW0IIgRslJN816d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首先看蒸发器结霜的情况,在压缩机运转的情况下,如果出现蒸发器表面无霜、结不满霜或结霜不实等情况,都说明制冷系统工作不正常。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSyaew0IoKMKoMJMaXN0xlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、冰箱冷冻室结冰,说明温控器温差过大,停机时间过长等因素造成的,直冷式双门冰箱的冷藏室蒸发器总是结满霜而无结霜、化霜交替变化,说明温控器发生故障。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4Q62IYoC2eeqiU1BehcCod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、检查制冷系统中管路的各个焊接处及蒸发器表面,看是否有渗漏的痕迹,凡渗漏处都会有油渍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMGIooIU4GU8iAJ2fGaZvac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、查看压缩机回气管是否结霜,如结霜,则说明制冷剂冲入量过多,对于间冷式冰箱,如压缩机回气管结霜,还应考虑是否由于风扇不转而引起。遇到这种情况,可以打开箱门,按下门框按钮,查看风扇是否旋转。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnowQi6Aqwaows3J4464c9iA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、查看箱门是否有缝隙。如果箱门有缝隙,则冰箱保温性能差,导致压缩机开机时间长,停机时间短,而且冰箱结霜多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW6ku4sE20MM0Af2qv7Htgf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"听","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni68MKCEIi2yy0mPGxd5Dzh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、接通冰箱电源,如果听到启动器“叭嗒”一声,压缩机在0.2秒至0.5秒内启动,随后压缩机发出轻微而且有节奏的运转声,说明压缩机启动正常。如压缩机发出沉闷的“嗡嗡”声,而后连续听到“叭嗒”的启动器触点断开、吸合的声音,有时还带有压缩机的振动声,最后可以听到热保护器“叭”的一声响,随后切断压缩机电源。此故障可以考虑以下原因:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuwMuqEeue46iAzKQ0ppEle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"a、电源电压低,压缩机卡缸、抱缸轴。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKGwia6SSAKiGuQcTLHcNpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"b、电动机扫堂。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4okYEEO8mY46Quz3xbygab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"c、电动机绕组短路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGkqMqsYe0u2q85dQ2lGDUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"d、电动机启动绕组开路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwqSmqoMuMMGIsxdOaEeLDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"e、气路系统管路堵塞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngks4WwQSkmqmum1OxWzNNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"f、启动继电器故障等。使用排除法,确定故障原因。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnec2coiCOUS4kk4fXIhaBXw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、压缩机运转时,机壳内有明显的喷气声,说明压缩机排气缓冲管断裂漏气。若压缩机机壳有破裂声,说明压缩机高、低压阀片破裂、漏气。压缩机刚停机时,听到机壳内有明显的跑气声音,说明压缩机阀板的高低压纸垫被击穿、排气减震管泄漏、阀片磨损或阀片、阀口处积碳。压缩机运转时,如果机壳发出“当当”的撞击声,说明压缩机内支撑弹簧断裂或疲劳变形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUesOKwaGYmu8f3TE41vvdY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、高压液态制冷剂通过毛细管进入蒸发器,迅速蒸发沸腾,同时发出“嘶嘶”的气流声音,并时常伴流水的声音,属于正常现象。如果听到蒸发器内有“叽叽”声,或者有断断续续的憋气声,故障通常为脏堵、油堵或者冰堵。周期性较长的断续喷气声一般为冰堵。若蒸发器内只有气流声,而且不结霜,说明系统内制冷剂基本漏完。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0SE6QWE4OCYYM9VBJedmyf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、冰箱有时发出断断续续的噪音,往往是由于冰箱支脚落地不稳,制冷系统管路相互碰撞以及压缩机与箱体底座螺丝松动等原因引起共振造成的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKgIgCekGSWssw7yXvdQ1De"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"听","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/208c2b534dff48a8a30c6f0fcacdd42d","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcn60gOy4UEmaKwqSTG2p9Wqb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"摸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIoo2ie0oaUkk6XWso6BsFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱正常运行时,制冷系统各个部分的温度通过触摸,可以对制冷系统状况有个大致的判断。(制冷系统各个部分的温度还受环境温度的影响,环境温度升高时,冷凝器、过滤器、回气管和压缩机的温度明显升高,反之,上述部分的温度明显降低。)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuoMWgKiMK4iqC2U3C5TyIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、压缩机运转时,触摸冷凝器上部,应很热(大于55℃)。如不热,可能是制冷系统漏气、堵塞或压缩机没有排气压力等故障。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6aeSgUCmy6wOUfia5wyBXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、正常时,触摸干燥过滤器应有热的感觉(约55℃)。如制冷系统过脏,会造成干燥过滤器温度升高,对于刚刚维修过的冰箱,如果干燥过滤器温度过高,一般为毛细管阻流偏大,制冷剂充入量过大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncGaOAk6gGyKcuCbwlgkrsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、压缩机正常工作时,触摸压缩机回气管,应没有热感(接近于环境温度)。如果温度高,说明系统少制冷剂,管路微堵或系统中混入空气。如果感觉到冷或者有露水甚至结霜时,说明制冷剂充入量过多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQKioqUoeCYqmIXwe10HVye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、压缩机机壳的温度一般在70℃以下。即使在夏季,冰箱首次开机时,压缩机经过连续长时间的工作,机壳温度也不超过85℃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncIwMK4YcwsaSYlZ5VU5PKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、如果蒸发器上结的霜用手一摸就脱落(称为虚霜),并且压缩机回气管结满霜,说明充入的制冷剂过多或新换的毛细管过粗、过短。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS8sgiMOA0W6kSoJNElZhGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、用手触摸蒸发器表面,如果发现蒸发器结不满霜,说明系统制冷剂不足或毛细管半堵塞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnksA2EqAYQWMeaKrVw1EfSb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"测试","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC8um6cEM46uyk9QHa3CACd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过测量冰箱的温度、压力、开机与停机比、运转电流以及压缩机的绝缘电阻和直流电阻等,对冰箱进行检查。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOo84cMK80OOclZPlpIw8Ez"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、测温度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne6SkqEo2IyasS249fd8KVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用电机温度计测量电冰箱的温度。电冰箱的温度按国家标准吸气温度为三十二摄氏度,蒸发温度为负二十三摄氏度一下,排气温度为五十五摄氏度左右,过冷温度为三十二摄氏度左右。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkEuQwkYYMy8i81xkWnPKph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、冰箱靠近墙面放置会导致冰箱发烫,也不能在冰箱的周围覆盖东西,这样都会阻碍冰箱散热,使温度上升,应该保持冰箱有足够的空间散热。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6864EsUsMYCI08pBFPtVle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、在使用冰箱的时候不要打开频繁,频繁的打开冰箱会让里的温度升高,加大冰箱的工作量,冰箱长期处于运转状态就会使温度更高的。这时要减少开冰箱的次数。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsAUC26SWou4sMBg8SyqRUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、停用之后特别是在夏季温度很高的时候,冰箱要达到设定的制冷温度会需要很长时间,长时间的运转就会使冰箱的温度升高,冰箱一旦使用最好不要停用了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUmqaU4KI6ImGCeh06TuLJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、测压力","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCgYws6MWCmeCQvCsl6vOWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱的正常压力值在0.03~0.08mpa。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncU4mcgKq4yKCoj9QXr4Keg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"a、吸气压力过高,通常由:制冷剂充入过多、新换毛细管过短、压缩机性能*的原因引起。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4kom2eemwimepyuqtanix"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"b、出现吸气压力为负压时,通常由:制冷剂不足、系统内有堵塞现象、新换毛细管太细、太长。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGe4aIqm4Aey8WuswiCF7Bc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、测量冰箱的开机与停机之比","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS8oUSqQ0s6W0CRzEyVvaYj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱的开机与停机之比与它的制冷系统、保温性能、温控器性能、调节位置、环境温度、电路系统、冰箱内食品的多少以及开门次数等有着直接的关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGwSQigqmi6cMIBbQ5ohNad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、测量工作电流","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCKiYMieG8k4w6fit17iVDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、如果工作电流大于额定电流,说明制冷剂充入量过多,制冷系统微堵、压缩机局部短路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneOUqwAY2COcSgdUCIr5IZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、如果工作电流小于额定电流,说明制冷系统有泄漏或系统完全堵塞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoSuyKwEyY0uoUZoVO5HTVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、测量绝缘电阻和直流电阻:(对于匝间短路不严重或匝间绝缘不良的电机绕组,用电阻测量方法很难分辨电机故障,因此只能采用测量工作电流的方法来判断)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkAswaS2GS0OEUjnEzAaSwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"缺少制冷剂,或蒸发器内有沉积的冷冻机油,导致压缩机效率降低。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngYe0C8qMqciIYzcJ0WfPug"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"测试","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/143c8d7d1cf0426eb78940ecef28e219","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnM0OEImU0woqQIz46fJuVmh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱故障分类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnesoIK2kiyq8G64XKECyHwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱的故障可分为电气系统故障和制冷系统故障两大类。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyQsI2GSuOuC4PkKIwkyRhV"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电气系统故障分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYYqeSigsq4oKSBomTsdBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电气系统主要包括温控部分和压缩机电动机控制部分。由此而引起的故障现象是电冰箱接通电源后压缩机不起动和接通电源后压缩机运转不停。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyc8wwCcCCugcIfePkn2lig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首先用万用表欧姆挡测量冰箱电源插头的阻值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKgGCq4cGOaugeC5IYT39Be"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"压缩机的三个接线端子以及与起动器之间的接线情况如图所示:C——公共端、M——运行端、S——起动端。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2OsGGaAa440ysx1TwD7SGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"各绕组间直流电阻值如下:运行绕组C、M两端约10.5Ω;起动绕组C、S两端约22Ω;而运行和起动绕组阻值的和即S、M端的阻值约为32.5Ω。正常时电路所有的开关触点都接通,对于重锤起动器式的冰箱,因重锤式起动器触点未通电而未接通,回路阻值为压缩机运行绕组的阻值,一般为10—20Ω左右,对于PTC起动冰箱,回路的直流电阻为起动器20Ω阻值与起动绕组串联后再与运行绕组并联,所以其电阻略小于压缩机运行绕组的阻值。","id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","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSaaku0GqOwGKCwIZPjoG4g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":407,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电气系统故障分析","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2e35941082245239287ccc8e4fbdb0c","width":660},"text":"","id":"doxcn6S6e6qOACgQUQdPGlSByIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、要进一步判断还要对冰箱通电检查。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOaYgC2yk0MWOgFsuW9CUmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通电前先检查温控器开关是否正常。如温度控制器装在电冰箱的冷藏室内,当放置的环境温度低于设计温度时不会起动运转,故有的冰箱设计了冬季补偿开关,补偿开关打开后则温度控制器感温管附近的加热器开始加热,强制升温使压缩机运转,目的是牺牲冷藏室的正常温度而保证冷冻室的温度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoQEEk68qSowmakJP9C5B6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果温控器内的开关都正常,而通电后压缩机不起动,可用一根导线短接重锤式起动器的两个静触点,注意导线短接时间不要太长,以不超过2s为宜,时间长将会使起动绕组烧坏。如果短接后冰箱能起动,说明起动器有故障,重锤式起动器长期起动易使触点烧坏,测量时拆下起动器,用万用表欧姆RX1挡,将两表笔插入接线柱插孔内。起动器正着放时相当于正常运转状态,即未接通,万用表测量阻值为无穷大;将起动器倒过来时相当于起动状态,万用表指示为0Ω,则说明起动器是好的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnckk4ieSsGKmwWw7XKKXhYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果用导线短接后仍不能起动,就需要检查保护器。可用短接法检查保护器,将保护器的两个接线铜片短接起来,如果冰箱能够起动运转,说明保护器有故障,可能是电热丝烧断或碟形双金属片受阻不能下翻,如果冰箱仍不能起动,则是压缩机或起动器有问题。检查时,把起动器和保护器拆下,露出电动机的三根接线柱。测每两个接线柱之间的电阻值,如正常,说明电动机绕组没有故障。如不正常,不要急于拆开压缩机,可以采用直接接通电源的方法进行检查。具体办法是:用带有电源插头的两根电源线接在M、C接线柱上,也就是运行绕组上,再用螺钉旋具作为导线同时碰触M和S端,然后把插头插入电源插座,如果电动机和压缩机没有故障,就会起动。起动2s左右,就要把螺钉旋具移开,电动机进入正常运转。如果检查压缩机能起动运转,说明电动机没有故障,故障发生在电动机外部,可能是外引线折断或接线柱接触不良,也可能是环境温度过低等。否则为压缩机故障。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA8UGUYMAYIwgcF0s09gWNc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":857,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电气系统故障分析","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d26aa2549a894478959f829391d8ae02","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnQ6MsAC8yqWaGZzMxlC3eKi"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"制冷系统故障分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCUI6eWqqqimqErdYhDKydb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱不制冷","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngsuYWGo4ouYqCKZMwAixJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱运转不停,但是不制冷,冷凝器不热,蒸发器不凉。这种故障一般出现在制冷系统。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKqUWISm280uWIPeHuU8l9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可能原因是制冷剂泄漏,或者冰堵、脏堵,或是压缩机有故障。由于制冷系统是封闭的,所以可通过观察管路表面有无油污、用手触摸各部分的温度、耳听运行声音来检查。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns2Sk66eEqcIU4GGAvQl3jd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、检查管路表面是否有油污","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAAcGC04SGEQ4wF2OBqTtEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"仔细检查冷凝器、过滤器、毛细管、蒸发器;吸气管、压缩机外壳及管路结合处。如果发现有油污,说明制冷剂泄漏。这时可切开压缩机的工艺管。如果有少量的制冷剂喷出,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"就进一步证明是制冷剂泄漏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAaIqmQsMq6W287kCzTaaAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果没有油污,则需要进一步检查压缩机的温度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2KYImIAkCG2skl7nHNt7Ob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、检查压缩机的温度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoYSIiKeGEUYksPilQ8Bo3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用手摸压缩机,如果压缩机的温度不太高,和运转时差不多,说明管路畅通,没有堵塞现象,而可能是高压缓冲管破裂、活塞穿孔、排气阀同吸气阀短路等。这时可切开高压排气管,排出制冷剂。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8cSUwOeaY4Oso57KcBtqGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、检查压缩机开机时的情况","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSqQIiC0Yk2e02vQHjbY1Db"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"切断电冰箱的电源,打开箱门;使制冷系统各个部件恢复到室温。然后接通电源,电冰箱启动运转。如果开始时蒸发器结霜较好,冷凝器发热,低压吸气管发凉;由冰箱上部能听到气流声和水流声,但过一会儿,蒸发器结霜融化,只在毛细管同蒸发器结合部位结有少量霜;冷凝器不热,低压吸气管不凉,用耳朵贴近电冰箱上部听不到声音,说明出现了冰堵。这时如果用热毛巾敷在毛细管同蒸发器的结合处,又能重新制冷,则进一步证实是冰堵。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4iUKqmCMsYMKcNFY9n19Yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果开机的时候不见蒸发器结霜,冷凝器不热,低压气管不凉,用耳朵贴近电冰箱上部听不到声音,则可以初步认为发生了脏堵。这时,可以切断高压排气管,排出制冷剂,用手指按住排气管,启动压缩机,如果手指感到有较大的压力,说明管路发生脏堵。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0e0gakWWyk0UIVDqGkdFZb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱制冷效果差","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEY6mau0CgiqOIXC0miEPEf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱运转不停,但箱内温度达不到要求,制冷效果差。这可能是由于使用不当或箱门关闭不严造成的。也可能是制冷系统故障引起的。一般应先检查使用情况和箱门情况,再检查制冷系统。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIM868yO6GyqA8B03T2iI8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、检查使用情况","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqUwWgacqQe8CMFIcn58Iqc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先要了解环境温度。如果高于43℃,制冷效果差一些是正常的。如果环境温度不高,要打开箱门检查。如果箱内食品太多,特别是放入了温度高的食品,食品释放出大量的热量;或者打开箱门次数太多,外界热空气不断进人箱内,或者未及时化霜等,所有这些都会使电冰箱长时间运转不停,制冷效果差。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKMO6yK2U26y22NZ3WUga3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、检查箱门","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniyaSMK2MAQ8C8R2QQqzqvf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱箱门关闭不严,热空气会从缝隙处不断进入箱内。这可能是磁性门封条失去磁性、老化变形,或是箱门翘曲造成的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWCaAqiOW0ccI0QeQrK8T8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、检查制冷系统","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAAMeGWG0UGaowTnRl33Xue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果使用情况正常,箱门又能关闭严密,那么制冷效果差的故障就出在制冷系统。由于制冷系统仍能工作,因此,可能是制冷剂部分泄漏、部分冰堵或部分脏堵,也可能是压缩机内部故障。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2KQckQgCm2kmEXtYDo2dTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"检查的顺序是首先观察管路表面有无油污。如果有油污,说明制冷剂部分泄漏,这时可以切开工艺管,灌入适量的氟里昂制冷剂,再次启动运转。如果运转正常,证明是制冷剂部分泄漏。如果管路表面没有油污,可检查开机时的情况。如果开机时制冷正常,蒸发器结霜良好,在电冰箱上部能听到气流声和水流声,但过了一会儿制冷效果变差,只能听到微弱的气流声和流水声,说明是部分冰堵。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnamsc6WIka8SAAZTvDBrnse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果开机时制冷效果就差,用耳朵贴近冰箱上部只能听到微弱的气流声和水流声,这可能是脏堵或压缩机内部故障,需要进一步检查。这时,可切开工艺管,灌入适量的氟里昂制冷剂,并接入气压表,启动压缩机。如果气压表所示气压下降到正常值(0.06~0.08MPa)以下,说明压缩机内部没有故障,只是管路有部分脏堵。如果气压下降到正常值以上,说明压缩机性能下降,严重时需要拆开压缩机详细检查和修理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuC6mQsCC8aKictqH7kaUtb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果制冷系统混入空气,或者制冷剂充加过多或不足,都可能影响制冷效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno6AAiymi6e0ARlYcCezqzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"制冷系统中充加过多的制冷剂,会使过多的制冷剂在蒸发器内不能很好蒸发,液体制冷剂返回压缩机中,这样压缩机的吸气量减少,制冷系统低压端压力升高,又影响蒸发器内制冷剂的蒸发量;造成制冷能力下降。同时,过多的制冷剂会占去冷凝器的一部分容积,减少散热面积,使冷凝器的冷却效率降低,吸气压力和蒸发温度也相应提高,吸气管出现结霜现象。遇到这种情况,必须及时将多余的制冷剂排出制冷系统,否则不但不能提高降温效果,反而使压缩机有液击冲缸的危险。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqaY6KWyCuY2OWiMFFpxuog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"制冷系统充加的制冷剂过少时,会使蒸发器的蒸发表面积得不到充分利用,制冷量降低,蒸发器表面部分结霜,吸气管温度偏高。遇到这种情况,可以补充适量的制冷剂。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0kMo0CW08iMCAXerVd5Nbf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":678,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱制冷效果差","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/613ef5051017440889eeaef46a9919ba","width":1017},"text":"","id":"doxcngS6I6uYwGys0eMU2Qkvzzh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常见故障及检修","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwKK8W0kS26g6KWB0psSp4c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"通电后电机不起动且无嗡嗡声","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaYYqUs2aSwSKWEHL23067g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因:保险熔断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO60wg4AsWU8echKGGYLyqc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:按要求更换保险丝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUOsQasc4IWaIqYjQ9t7Wgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因:接线松脱,插头接触不良","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqyUgAKU8MiiisjfoE2JH2Y"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:检查线路,接好松脱处,插好插头","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQGmq84qoq40mMXzwpVkBYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因:电机绕组短路、断路或转子卡死","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMQceuG46uWUOuoO0oeJKUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:检修或重绕","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniu6QiaUu4m0kYfaRjwRmLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因:起动继电器绕组烧断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna0IMMwIWkgmS022QAZnRVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4I68QiOaycC6KEVLaS7VMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因:温控器开关未闭合,旋钮处于“0”(或停)位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyKM4gKGeI2AE6qTsVuq9Jf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:调整温控器开关,使其闭合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnceqS86aseEkyglQFt4e64g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、故障原因:过载继电器的接触未闭合,或热电阻丝烧断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAg46Q22eik6SwxKC6zaosd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:检查并调整使触点闭合,更换电阻丝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSakMOk8SCCO8SWpxfEAXbf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"通电后电机不起动但有嗡嗡声","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyyQaUsI84WsE0Eu1xXcsZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因:电源电压过低(低于187V)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKAeIQOsIcAQwQ5oNnV8rFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:拔下电源插头,等电压正常后再插上,或加装稳压器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCIOWoy6ySIcoP3XjEQnrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因:起动继电器未闭合或接触不良","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnomqkU0GsYUmK2n20wnMQxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:修理或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIawU8omaG4CUYNVQwwzwxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因:电机起动绕组断路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnayyIOkKweM66Y90f0Z14Hf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:重绕起动绕组","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng2kkieuAcCk6ae1cETrqWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因:起动电容器短路、短路或失效","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO2kCQOU4sAoCsvIG8LEfBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:更换或检修","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnykAKkQ8iQq0yU9V6PvjrZf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因:压缩机负荷过重或制冷剂充灌过多","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0OECUEookYGKeykR3SBK1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:重新调整或减少制冷剂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4eEYWkkMKqOSokXGruRUfi"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"完全不制冷","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW4oMO666kseGALA7hxvVfS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因:电源插头松动或脱落","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkc2EuMMs8ciYAj0pK1GEvf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:重新插好电源插头","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsIkI2yOOgYEMqm5Jt4cyqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因:电源保险丝熔断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneQUGs8cKSSqksdNTsgtXSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:按要求更换保险丝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoGOG2omUiqUimEiPs2E7Yd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因:停电","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAo4es8qOywAigFaqyYFvge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:待恢复供电时再使用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC4SUC8Yy0602MD5VQepGpd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因:电源电压过低","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQcykOcUmE00w8nLMoOUf5d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:拔下电源插头,待电压正常后再插上或加装稳压器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2aI4kqCQc2G8YRpxEfiXId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因:温度控制钮在“0”(或“停”)的位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4gySWY2euQomeKb0iZuDig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:调整温控器旋钮,使其处于某一适当位置,开关触点闭合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOmyc8Gk0aAGgUlA0Eni5Kd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、故障原因:过载保护断电器断路或起动继电器触点接触不良","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY46QaiuUMuIeWuKbn1mxUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:修理或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngcKcUogi4KmWu4JVkenmPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、故障原因:压缩机卡死或电动机故障","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn60su6E4SaoY8ucovo9WNNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:修理或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQY68eI08S0QGEZMG63Rh6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、制冷剂漏失或毛细管堵塞、干燥过滤器脏堵","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMuS62SmQmMisSIuZF72owf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:修理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2uEYMSSkS2skyeqhzcpNWd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":679,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"完全不制冷","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2a562549d05746498964ac5e5986a703","width":1018},"text":"","id":"doxcnWYCUsUisQqyoc7Tliep9Id"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冷藏室温度偏高","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWmEIEOkoI4usM7cyHR5Zbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因:温控器旋钮调得不合适(数字过小)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneeYwIcO4CqMUEBCmsjVJZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:重调温控器旋钮至数字较大位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEceaIWAI0AiQc0j9gOtXu1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因:电冰箱受阳光直射、接近热源或冷凝器较脏,散热不佳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmg2QSmYiAa4Ecz0c43rH3X"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:重新放置电冰箱,清洁冷凝器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWKyqwcMe6YIeKSLmgxVWBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因:冷藏室放置食物过多、过密或放入热的食物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaI4Km464OEmE0W7AIrSUxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:减少与重新放置贮存食物,留出适当空隙,热的食物放凉后再放入","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKCMoaQSQQSwGCqTshei7gc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因:开门过于频繁或开门时间过长","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw4yiug6AAQQyIZI9bvaFqc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:减少开门次数和时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYAmi4ow0amMAoLBGuiMlfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因:蒸发表面结霜过厚(超过5mm)或结冰","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSycQ4miOUSQUuK7dLaC2Xg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:将霜或冰化掉","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneGaEmoO2uy0MmqtDeRTgGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、故障原因:门封不严","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnokgWgaQwueyWG8SMdmlpkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:检修并适当调平箱体(稍后仰)使门封严密","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGKsesKiKSwai4hHM44Go9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、故障原因:箱内照明灯不熄灭","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSWo04ck04QY4QP4lSkwsuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:检修照明灯开关","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2G60uQQo2eAUsng7uwgNhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、故障原因:冷藏室温控风门温控器失控,使风门开不大或风扇不转","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGQcuygqkCaCcI9qB3dtK0d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:修理或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI8aOQuWEgusUiOEY1cDeGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、故障原因:压缩机阀门损坏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0mesmGG26qkMMh6EqNevIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:修理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny2YccaWGysUSef1nR88drb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冷藏室温度过低而使上层食品被冻结","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnka26qGYM6EWwpQ8WlER9ty"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因:室温偏低而温控器调得不合理(数字太大或调到强冷点、不停点)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCk6Wsom6Yao0eqb2aB0Jmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:重调温控器旋钮至数字较小的位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGwKISGqgw0oWSS7uuMoK9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因:温控器触点粘连不停车或感温管失控","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY02S8w6QoiCGKowul72ARg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:修理或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Y2G86IQ8UW6g5XbfHC6le"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因:误将水分多而容易冻结的食物放在上部搁架","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna2iOWEGecmsGMz9J6tfrrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:将易冻结的食物放在冷藏室下部","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn64gKMGsemUiW2JAfBuYPSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因:温感风门温控器旋钮调得不合理(置冷点)或失控,或风门关不上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoU04kc0oEYEeIb80pbVsad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:重调温感风门温控器旋钮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaIUAGI4QwMu8WK20gfe8Od"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因:温度补偿加热器损坏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI4gKQiCQu4sq0ivCv5TG0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:更换温度补偿加热器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQgewIGOeIYWi25Uf7KNrPb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冷冻室温度偏高","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQkYWq4yYC2YikDI3gcGPgh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因:室温偏高而温控器旋钮调得不合理(数字过小)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaskSGc0Y8GIuwr3g1HxFGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:重调温控器旋钮至数字较大位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWMCOm8Gq40kG8OpvNf0Vnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因:开门过于频繁或开门时间过长","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCkQSi4OW6cIkpxlU91qmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:减少开门次数和时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqiSgeoWYE2CyotWJgFbTKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因:门封不严","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMakOy6MQmOI8aCAKltQmGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:检修门封,使其严密","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO8wKWUGGwS0Eiqynd9UJRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因:制冷剂漏失","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncsWeAyACeWWMsx9Tszxpjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:找出漏洞,放气补焊,再抽真空重新灌入制冷剂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkwMsmCKo6CK6AN4XaGQlE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因:充灌制冷剂过多或过少","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniw8wouYGCecok5OUqziMZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:重新调整或充灌制冷剂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYcikMOuYiESYg7URPe4lGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、故障原因:压缩机制冷效率下降","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc8YiWoceQ44m4f4ptmiP7n"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:拆修压缩机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQIQ6coqwmOqE6v0U69x2Sc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、故障原因:翅片蒸发器被冰箱堵塞或毛细管堵塞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnskQ4EmGuyQEYqM9CQg06Yc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:确定原因后检修","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyo8aAOUseIUsIB7Aq7Jyse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、故障原因:冷风循环风扇不转或运转不正常","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniGyYKSCYuyOUKcAQEZFxsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:修理或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIykMKE8uw0OImsoooPpHvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、故障原因:结霜厚而未清除","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIgKg2GqU4uAsaULq5FJ7jc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:清除结霜","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK2A8sec20AaYmmpzBTZaCe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"压缩机长时间运转不能自动停机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncC6Oyaa20Cym2UNCNopXKk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因:箱内一次性放入过多温度较高的食品或连续冻结大量冰块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4Ws46yoimmwYMsUaMVNWVD"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:适当减少放入食物,并放凉后再放入,减少冻冰量","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYSyquK0qKqAUuOXw44HfJ1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因:开门过于频繁或开门时间过长","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOcAqyE8kce8eKb21l7WpyK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:减少开门次数和时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaEqgiM4C86yMgbEzcD7t7I"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因:温控器误调到不停点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneS6AC0qmoiqamwAlXYbrYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:按需要重调温控器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQY8mK4UqcqAMXKt7UNLHb4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因:制冷剂漏失","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0gWgqQ4aSIqeSSX1rYy3Ie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:找出漏孔,放气补焊,再抽真空,重新充灌制冷剂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaa2yKmYssUeic78xYRJxcc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因:毛细管被杂质污物堵塞(脏堵)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8gEiSKcUqcOwkp9EqsWiUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:用热毛巾敷裹毛细管解冻或更换毛细管","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4kCG4KmIiqAoQhRuSOlfhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、故障原因:毛细管被冰堵塞(冰堵)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOecMiioAC4EISeJWg1d7be"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:放掉制冷剂,烘干分子筛过滤器,重新抽真空后充灌制冷剂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2EMQUGwacC6wW8036Exwmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、故障原因:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱环境温度过高(大于40度)或空气对流受阻","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS8C4qGo6Aowi8VyiIBFflg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:调换放置位置,改善空气对流","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqyqOu666AUOIK0J9Vp3O3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、故障原因:温控器触点粘连或或感温管松动失控","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2goqCQCIQ6UMhMqkHYyKhf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:断电后将温控器旋至“停”点再旋回原定点通电。若仍不正常,则更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCiAsaym0AmqasPshnrF3yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、故障原因:箱壁或门壁隔热层中流入水或结冰","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYAgyUaKu4cY0JQJiIcBTmT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:干燥隔热层","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWoqgM6Y6UWEqWQd6X94yDx"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"压缩机运转时噪声大","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWa0GMIwYEiq0ZcDj8iVJJk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因:箱体未放平稳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkAy2m2yWiUQEiEVdAbaf5g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:重新调平放稳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniMG0eegOU6CsWiy4Hr0VZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因:电冰箱背后与其他物件或墙壁触碰","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm8wk0CCW8KYW2xiIsjrJ4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:适当调整位置或物件,使它们脱离触碰","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6oka4Qo04OaMIrwfo3wpzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因:电冰箱背部的接水盘脱离原位置而振动发声","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyG0eMswg4kcooTHH7skzvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:重新放好接水盘,并垫上泡沫塑料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYqw6gai0GIGmKmnNw3hhXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因:风扇与其他部件碰撞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGUKEAC4SKqSyshG93IYuDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:移动风扇位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAuQy0ae0oiiQ2JIvAuELXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因:管道与箱件碰撞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno8WkS80skoeUCudMww8hIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:挪动管道,拧紧固定螺丝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwyyEiGokge6Sy8SLdWWXUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、故障原因:压缩机减振胶垫压得过紧或老化变硬","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnimswmCs0EW4E2BM167g1Qc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:调松或列换胶垫","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8KMAcGUSOw2Uma7v8R3pGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、故障原因:压缩机内部噪声大","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmEgQEqG04Ceq6dph71FkYL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:拆修或压缩机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYGckkWeWIcG6WVDlHQbkVb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"压缩机运转时间过长而停机时间过短","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng6g6ySSU84cO0S3qcAImTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因:制冷剂泄露使制冷效果变差","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn00AsEQ4CEiKa48sthrJlWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:查漏补焊","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuU0cWGIu0Y0223V1g6JhPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因:温控器旋钮误调在强冷档,达到最低温度需要压缩机长期运转","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGqkMcG8Q0WyASy5YYgcf2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:重调温控器旋钮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO4awi0eKc46AiA4DAIEBzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因:箱门未关闭,漏入热量多,使压缩机运转时间长","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8cocOYqMmU6mGGm3XfyaRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:检查门封,关严箱门","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUiqQG88Mg4weCEwJ4dwmih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因:制冷剂充灌得过多,制冷效果差","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneY24UCYOkQi2g7Wg0TeAng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:调整毛细管长度或重调制冷剂量","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIEMUSCWQ6wGyqaC2mS62yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因:环境温度偏高,散热效果差","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKC8aU6aSA8aqALQsMQbjff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:改善电冰箱周围散热条件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn40qciq8QiQgAqk5WNRBEOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、故障原因:电冰箱内放入过多食品,热负荷过大","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneiWouYQWueYuO4y283uSnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:调整放入食品的数量","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMmYMY4y6SsQUWa6vg7OxKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、故障原因:压缩机进、排气阀有漏气","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYqk8CIqMYSkxZf8owE0wO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:拆修或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnciS4sau88kK4SQQ6pkrx9c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":675,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"压缩机运转时间过长而停机时间过短","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa5ca906305849b8b1c3080336c09c6e","width":1012},"text":"","id":"doxcn064e8Ue6GoMeGUB2sVCQ9d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱内温度正常但压缩机起动频繁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyGyGKg4cSu64dH9VYlm1Ao"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因:感温管与蒸发器接触不良,未靠近蒸发器,使感温失真","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnysGYiwOiA8eKy9FL4Dstdb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:重调感温管位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4cUokUwOmmEa6ois7BDLgh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因:起动触点接触不良,时断时通","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnckkqsAUAyyEe89aEUJd4qy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:调整触点连接铜片,使其接触可靠","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngEOkWIASUUSsYZhN8U7I0f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因:温控器旋钮位置不当","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn62q8AW04cmy066FPMAUTTm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:重调温控器至合适位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG0u4YWOQWwCyKgEiMl3GMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因:过载安全保护继电器接点与电热丝位置过近","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneQ6oUE4UwGgUao9QZCvmed"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:重新调整过载螺钉,使两者相距适当","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkukkcWumkyCgCAhl5Im3F"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱能制冷但箱内照明灯不亮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwewOOse0wU6WKmzPh6peGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因:灯泡损坏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGikwACkw0omSGagUdBj0Be"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:更换相同规格的灯泡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuiKaMWySsOMoBuJRkjg1vn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因:照明灯泡与灯座接触不良","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuuwkWSiko4Cq6ZxzgsPTse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:将灯泡拧紧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2IIosiSOwqOY0GlnGYNQid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因:照明灯电路断线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYUCmki2GAYKkwHVIqBh1Rg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:查出断线处并修复","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2WMIkYO2AUKeiMlPm56YLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因:门灯开关接触不良","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnggco8G66SCImOQ1Nby3i2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:拆开灯开关,重新调整弹簧压力,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"使其接触良好","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGeYKu4eq4U0E4CuwTaAX9b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"照明灯不亮且压缩机不工作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMGIae0uuaA4QWo386qw08g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因:保险丝熔断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKKICUmYgCWUMgBodYtOWmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:查出原因,更换同规格新保险丝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4sQiwygMw2U8i0UhMJxS4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因:电源插头与插座连线断路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn66S2mwEwCA0cIFD7WHo0Qb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:查出断线处,修复或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCuYWmSSGEUekYfOeWm7HHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因:电源插头接触不良","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny4qOE4MQoKu0szyOSPo0Lh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:调整接触或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm6mqg40gYeoIYFrv872xAb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因:停电","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEmqWKE02Y2M66CnZW9cRch"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:拨下电源插头,待来电时再工作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmEMgoEsQwSAgui8YOYUxeb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"门将关上时照明灯不熄灭","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2s4aUiIk2mYsOGGnzbxanh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因:门灯开头失灵","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8CsASe6oOaqSe8dTQgnjph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:修复或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUG2wMUoYksG64SuuJ4wZne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因:开关位置不对,关门时未能压下按钮,以切断照明灯电路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG0AwYMkGsC4skHwLdm3hWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:调整门灯开头位置(包括温控器位置),使开头正常工作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEK8we4oOmaUoyMTTNn2alf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"温控器置于通常使用位置时保险丝熔断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQkaCEGIy2IMEEbJnLhMrxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因:包括电冰箱在内的家电电器总负荷已超过保险丝的额定电流","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIcC4qqIIcoUGWsJTgwn5Zc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:在家用小火表、布线等容量允许的前提下,适当加大保险丝规格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6ic4mqaUSE68GmCBkVoiKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因:单相交流电动机起动电容损坏而产生短路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns0GgoKQ6A8MGQ1gdfyRsme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:更换新的同规格电容器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6iU8I2M2as2sOEB4ngIhpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因:起动继电器触点粘连","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6uCqUEQUK4aGGg7CV44Dme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:修理或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn46maweqI6umMcHa4hAEBJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因:压缩机定子线圈或电源插头短路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCmEAWOcWmcWCO6dmhsNkWf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:查明原因后修复","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGk4y8IO26QW0WEDXqWm2uf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱放置处积水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwCGyw66aqsOMKQWw5eCigg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因:泄水系统堵塞或软管破裂,使融霜水从冷藏室内溢出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWYgcg6wo6gcAesFwc7vRQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:查出原因,排去堵塞物或更换软管","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniiugUGWuOo0SmIk59bufbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因:接水盒(盆)中融霜水过满而溢出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsyqCEUImSMgKk3L8aK5zAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:及时倒掉接水盒(盆)中水,有自动蒸发皿者,检查有关加热蒸发装置有否故障,并排除之","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEsocOIgIykS0SidrYBQ9ag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因:滤水器堵塞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyM26OCwgCIeYWQJJNIfmwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:排除堵塞物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSkOG4g4mg8a0uytcwr2DCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因:环境空气过于潮湿,遇冷凝结成水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4YCaS2CMuWWcK09iHxYesd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:改善放置环境,使其干燥通风(就冰箱而言,此并非故障)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnog6CsCc0IUYOc3xEp7lz1f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冷冻室封条被冻住","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne40eMkmoCs8MeshHuP4ACq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因:门封条损坏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0246G62EKOcE4EhJz3zT9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:用热毛巾或电吹风对门封条冻结处加热,待门拉开后,再修复或更新封条","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneksWWUuqsIMgOIPNx9RkSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因:设有门封电热丝的电冰箱,门封电热丝失效","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAMsCawOKMo6myqC9U5EY7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:拉开门后,更换门封电热丝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSKeG6w6MUmCMonbTw6GjAd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"冷冻室封条被冻住","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8a5e3d14d1bf485590bcbaa2021bcf2c","width":1023},"text":"","id":"doxcnY4MCsEwy0QQIIX4QGDryNe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开箱门有难闻臭味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyG8Kc4I00ECOo9DlUc0Gig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因:电冰箱内有腐败的残渣、废物、剩水等","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsWsU4kMA4SgWAne5XuvXVx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:彻底清扫,可用清洁剂或苏打水清洗","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw2cCSCMMc688XDaT625aoJ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因:存放有浓味的羊肉、牛肉等食品而未用保鲜膜或塑料袋封装,使气味扩散","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnowgGqcAEEWIu2ROZsYLbwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:用保鲜膜、塑料袋(或瓶、罐)封装食品","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnseWE2wkUQSKkQpfZGPQc3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因:制冷剂泄漏数量很多,使其影响贮存食物的质量,产生异味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4y4qWGGssY84oRC5aUxZnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:检漏、修复","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUCk0syaGS0w2U3eGFuy9qh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因:箱壁隔热层破损,水蒸汽侵入造成腐烂变质而产生怪味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUcQUiiueCccmgH5jatyJkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:更换隔热层或内胆、注意防潮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCsaigwcsSsEUFWcW6bBpnt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因:电冰箱久置未用,而又未稍打开箱门,造成启用后有霉味散出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSM0WuY6uo8iggVQGRJC88c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:清洁、同时用市售除臭剂清除电冰箱内的异味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSISIGOeaC4o8SWDC6hZ0Ie"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冷冻食品变味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY8GmGgyG6q2Iq2bzPUWSth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因:冷冻食品未用塑料袋或保鲜纸严密包装而串味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngYqkEe08CaYkof9k0E1aFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:冷冻食品应使用烹袋或保鲜膜封装","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMsao2YA4K8Ys8saU4Oia2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因:制冷剂严重泄漏,被冷冻食品吸收而产生异味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyakSiEYkuU0qkHUbry26jb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:检漏、补焊","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGm2ysyGqQCO0cTsPxi4ule"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因:隔热层材料破损,其气味为冷冻食品所吸收","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4Amk6c0ka4kCwkdo9Q9xKP"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:更换隔热层或内胆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAEcQaYcoqmQogv3efEkoLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因:冰盘在制冰前未洗净,融霜水滴入,而使冰块味不正","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEOS6kEIMEq8moKknUFtxlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:制冷前先洗净制冰盘","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0mQ80YcYggUeCuJSO9H6Wd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电动机运转中过热","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4YgOquCWKey2CC7UsKE8yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因:制冷剂充灌过多或有空气存在,致使排气压力过高","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGk2II8CycIEU2Zmelnhlzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:检修、抽真空并排除多余制冷剂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqGKkME8iwu6a00raHF5XSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因:毛细管或干燥过滤器堵塞,使电动机负载增大而过热","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQeGE2GOgE8yyK09iQmM7Pd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:检查、排堵或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniai2wqwCs6C6ETOBZatCxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"电压过低","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"(低于187V),使工作电流增大而电机过热","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm0WA8yy8SISqMNYKZrTrEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:待电压正常时再工作,或采用稳压器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOMo80gcqAukkpzCpGm1HgC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因:起动电容器损坏,使电动机难起动或转速慢,起动电流剧增而引起电机过热","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniwciOOoMuqkUS4Nkp0AC9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:更换新电容器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm0QKGIkGywyEQDSmZqfWsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因:电动机轴承损坏或部分绕组短路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUcAOOk6AMkCgeAQdMpWYad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:更换轴承,拆修或重绕电机绕组","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUI688GU2ksAYuLI1iEDPqE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、故障原因:蒸发器或冷凝器管道中有堵塞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0QgeISI6Oc0SKYsabI4tce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:检查后排除堵塞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoAuo42O0SkYYDaohqyysdF"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"有电线烧焦味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0awSEs2oA6AMQtInthLMXb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因:电源线被压在箱底下,使电线短路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCAEcecWAOkGaiEZLddtzDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:取出电源线,更换或修复","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnscWCg6EQiyKG4FVfKg81rf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因:电源线贴在冰箱压缩机外壳,因高温致使塑胶线绝缘层烤出焦味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsuKY4q2ogkswIjzB1ebcRT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:移开电源线,并修复或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQAwWg6IASgSAGaiqdI4qAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因:电动机起动继电器线圈短路而发出焦味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnawooE6QwG8SEoDvnZ2sCBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:检查并拆修、更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSwG68agI88oKg7MXV2nVGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因:全自动化霜定时温控器线圈短路而发出焦味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncAkCG4eEo48EY7xXc4CJae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:检查并拆修、更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni4imucUUWWYCY1eHawMM1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因:压缩机线圈短路而发出焦味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAWmqyaUKkKeeCuuYBtN5Ic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:检查并重绕","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny84ccs0gu6WYANHsq6Mdzg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"接触箱体或开门时有麻电感","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny2UWUikECKQi6pCZfkoK9C"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱未设接地线,或接地线障碍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKSueGuOQcIGUuYwQQLlUTo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:加接接地线,或检查修整,使接地可靠","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk6oYuSOWA06cuRbu8afD9O"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因:因严重受潮,致使机壳与电器部件的绝缘性能降低(与地绝缘电阻小于2MΩ)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyie0UGCcE6a0yWGkJgyyoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法:擦干或烘干潮湿机电件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUQK8sG6IWqOMWYBlX8Sz6f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"接触箱体或开门时有麻电感","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/66432606682f4e29b1299fc5e1f2fcb2","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnWkaO0E4yiAs8wxCV6l2Ddg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱的保养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne0aqe8OQwKS6WewWoFxA3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"定期适当保养可以延长冰箱的使用寿命。保养冰箱前务必拔下电源插头。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4S2KsqCOseOMO0YrpQbPie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、经常清理冰箱背面或底部冷凝器和压缩机上的灰尘。可使用吸尘器或毛刷除尘。注意不要用湿布去擦冷藏器和压缩机上灰尘。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwmuki86iKqkOorEMws5F72"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、冰箱长期停用时,应先切断电源,取出箱内一切食品,将箱内外清理干净,敞开箱门数日,使箱内充分干燥并散掉冰箱内的异味。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSacACGAGqwgYstf143YEcc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、检查排水管。如果排水管堵塞,水就会漏到冰箱内。要用铁丝捅一捅排水管,除去积在排水管上的东西。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4IWYO6gGwCieCikKFCroDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、不要忽略门封胶条的清洗,将漂白剂用10倍的水稀释后用牙刷蘸湿清洗,最后用水将漂白剂冲去。胶条脏污易老化,会影响冰箱的密封性,增加耗电量。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaiyoQqqMwaAiolgXwzotHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、检查振动、噪音以及压缩机的温度。运行中摸压缩机外壳,不应有明显的振动感,白天不应听到压缩机明显启动的声音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUQqWCgMWG6qaSOXERZsLzh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、注意检查电源线上是否有裂缝,防止漏电。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqmKw0o4E0MoUIPIBrnFMMh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、用温水或中性洗涤剂将冰箱内外清洗并擦干,敞开冰箱门通风干燥一天。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMsKquE0uuQIkKkeiuOctfh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"清洁冰箱外壳最好每天进行,用微湿柔软的布每天擦拭冰箱的外壳和拉手。清理内胆前先切断电源,把冰箱冷藏室内的食物拿出来。软布蘸上清水或食具洗洁精,轻轻擦洗,然后蘸清水将洗洁精拭去。拆下箱内附件,用清水或洗洁精清洗。清洁冰箱的“开关”、“照明灯”和“温控器”等设施时,请把抹布或海绵拧得干一些。内壁做完清洁后,可用软布蘸取甘油(医用开塞露)擦一遍冰箱内壁,下次擦的时候会更容易。用酒精浸过的布清洁擦拭密封条。如果手边没有酒精,用1:1醋水擦拭密封条,消毒效果很好。用吸尘器或软毛刷清理冰箱背面的通风栅,不要用湿布,以免生锈。清洁完毕,插上电源,检查温度控制器是否设定在正确位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkcywOKCA6GGSYlHDQyZs0d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":611,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱的保养","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d4f0dcf28a964c1389d1f95eed516954","width":1023},"text":"","id":"doxcn8EMI6kUAWCmOs9NcBMROMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEsCE86og8Q6sCCJeoMhcch"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngKWEaOuAuEoegHeuX81NHc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaKkQyeeEgmgUas1FOsK5ae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnauosGy0C6WwWyeEONzFskb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaqQQyaU6OSkUgn1dLACqxe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGWgkwWY8KCmMiqWfF0Wvih"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSkGymm8Ui4W4Iz2FF7knqd"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E