徐工装载机LW180KV清扫机(徐工lw160kv装载机)

1. 徐工lw160kv装载机

燃油箱容量300L

液压油箱容量200L

冷却液65L

发动机油28L

发动机型号SC11CB240.1G2B1

形式水冷4冲程

额定功率2200rpm

最大扭距950Nm/1400rpm

2. 徐工装载机lw500kv

其机油加油口在发动机顶部的气门罩上

    柴油机加机油口在发动机的上部装载机加机油的位置在发动机的左侧，打开机罩就能看见。首先除掉防尘外网，在靠近副油箱的里侧取下防爆螺丝，从液压油箱上部拆开液压油回油过滤器顶盖，里面就可以给装载机的加油

3. 徐工lw200kv装载机

lw500k优于500F在性能能都好于其他车辆，该车是徐工几十年经验，倾情打造的09最新系列产品。

工作性能，作业效率，结构强度，使用寿命，日常维护驾驶条件全面升级。在使用远远优于其它同类产品。

4. 徐工lw188装载机

Adobe Premiere是Adobe家族的一款剪辑软件，它给我的感觉就是入门快、功能强大，无论是对于新手还是专业人士，PR在大部分情况下都是很友好的。

认识PR

Pr全称Adobe Premiere，是Adobe公司开发的一款视频剪辑&编辑软件。主要用于视频采集、视频剪辑、调色、添加字幕、编辑音频、渲染输出。

Premiere提供了采集、剪辑、调色、美化音频、字幕添加、输出、DVD刻录的一整套流程，并和其他Adobe软件高效集成，使用户足以完成在编辑、制作、工作流上遇到的所有挑战，满足用户创建高质量作品的要求。

下载PR软件

Adobe官网下载

进入Adobe官网进行下载https://www.adobe.com/cn/products/premiere.html

其他网页下载

1、打开浏览器今日头条搜索3D溜溜网，进入官网

2、打开浏览器搜索3D溜溜网，进入官网，点击上面【···】三个点之后选择【软件插件】里的【羽兔网软件下载】

3、选择【常用软件】里的【视频制作】

4、向下滑，在下面找到PR2018版本的进行【软件下载】，里面还有其他版本，这里选择的是适配win7的。

PR窗口介绍

Premiere软件由菜单栏、常用工具栏、时间轴、侧边面板栏（组件窗口）组成。主工作区有素材（项目）管理窗口、素材预览窗口、视频监视器窗口、时间轴窗口、调音台窗口、调色窗口等。

菜单栏

菜单栏可以说是整个软件的功能导图，为软件中大多数功能提供了菜单入口，例如PR软件中的绝大多数功能在对应的菜单栏中都可以找到。

功能窗口切换区域:(组件、编辑、颜色、效果、音频、字幕、库......)

功能窗口切换区域是软件为剪辑、调色、音频、字幕等不同功能定义的界面布局方案。点击对应的功能，软件会自动切换到使用该功能时的界面布局。

源素材预览窗口

源窗口主要是为项目面板中素材(视频、音频、图片)提供实时预览，双击项目面板中的素材即可在源窗口中进行播放预览。

节目监视窗口

节目窗口主要用于监视时间线上剪辑的画面，可以实时播放。

项目面板

项目面板主要是用于项目及素材的管理，我们导入到软件中的素材及新建的序列、字幕等素材全部都存放在项目面板中。

时间线窗口

时间线窗口可以简单理解为剪辑工作台，我们对素材的剪辑工作全部都是在时间线面板中操作完成。时间线窗口又可分为视频轨道和音频轨道。

工具栏

工具栏集合了所有视频剪辑工具，当然有一些是辅助剪辑工具。

选择工具（快捷键：V）

顾名思义，它的作用就是用来选择东西的，不过在有的时候它也会变为其它的形状，作用也随之改变。

向前选择轨道工具（快捷键：A）

使用此工具可以选择该轨道上以后的所有素材，视音频链接在一起的则音频同时也被选中；按住Shift键可以变为多轨道选择工具，此时单头变为双头，即使是单独的声音（比如音效、音乐等）也会被同时选中。

波纹编辑工具（快捷键：B）

使用此工具可以改变一段素材的入点和出点，这段素材后面的会自动吸附上去，总长度发生改变。

剃刀工具（快捷键：C）

pr中导入素材之后，利用剃刀工具切割开视频，视频就分开为多段了，可以分别剪辑切割后的每一段视频，包括删除、添加效果等。

外滑工具（快捷键：U）

作用于一段素材，用来同时改变此段素材的入点和出点。

钢笔工具（快捷键：P）

这个工具和字幕中的钢笔工具是一样，主要用来绘制形状。选中此工具，在需要的位置点击一下确定起点，直接点其它位置可以绘制直线，而在点第二个点的同时按住鼠标不放并进行拖拽可以绘制曲线；它还有一个作用就是进行关键帧的选择。

手形工具（快捷键：H）

点击鼠标左键，在时间轴上拖动，移动时间轴上显示素材的位置。当程序监视器放大时。拖放程序监视器中的可移动显示区域以观察细节。

文字工具（快捷键：T）

文字工具即在画面中输入我们想要的文字。

效果面板

效果面板集合了很多视频和音频效果控件，对视频或者音频添加模糊及转场等效果时，需要在效果面板中找到对应的效果控件然后添加到时间线上的剪辑。

效果控件面板

效果控件面板是对已经添加到素材上的效果进行参数调节的窗口。

音轨混合器窗口

对音频进行声道和音量调节的窗口，当然也可以通过这个窗口进行现场录音。

PR剪辑教程

创建项目

首先新建项目，暂存盘里的地址栏跟项目一样就可以。

新建序列

新建序列，选择1080p25，点击确定，就建立了一个时间线。

一般的剪辑软件里边都有现成的预设，只要知道这个尺寸就行，高清格式选择1080P或者720P都行。

导入素材

在项目列表双击，找到我们的素材，按住shift一块儿导入，导入之后可以对素材进行分类，让我们可以看的更仔细一些。（养成一个好的分类习惯，有助于提高我们工程的有趣性和效率，以后打包工程的整理都非常的有好处）。

拖入时间线

素材分类好之后，把视频音频素材按住shift一起都拖拽到时间线里。

设置比例

发现视频素材的大小不一，我们调整视频整体比例大小。找到信息，看见比例为640*360，在我们新建的时候不是这个比例，我们在序列里进行更改设置为640*360，这样时间线就跟我们相匹配了。

编辑视频

导入素材之后，我们开始对视频进行剪辑。

添加效果

添加效果，让视频看起来更流畅。

添加字幕

添加结尾字幕。

导出

剪辑完成，导出成品。

PR导出格式一般用MOV、mp4、AVI等等。PR输出视频的时候，要求不一样，输出的格式的就不一样。因为没有统一的标准，要根据需求和目的才能定什么是合适的。

1、如果想输出文件后继续进行编辑，一般推荐输出MOV。

2、如果输出文件后直接就要观看，或传到视频网站。推荐输出H.264，即mp4。

3、如果输出文件给电视台标清播出，就输出AVI格式。

成品

下面这张是成品

这里用的是PR2018版本

PR基础快捷键

1、按i可以设置入点，O可以设置出点。

2、Shift+delete键可以删除视频同时，把视频之间的间隙去掉；Ctrl+Z撤销。

3、向前选择轨道工具（A）和链接选择项的结合使用可以删除选择点后面的视频和音频

4、向前选择轨道工具（A）和取消链接选择项的结合使用按shift键可单独删除视频，保留音频。

5、按Q键可删除剪辑的开始，按W键可删除剪辑的结尾，但是它们会从每个音轨中删除内容，如果有多层音轨，这个快捷键就不适用，可以通过锁定音频轨道来避免音频被删除。

6、按光标键→，按一下前进一帧，按Shift键+光标键，一下会前进5帧。

7、alt+拖动素材=复制

常用的快捷键如下：

注：如果自己不适应默认的快捷键可以在PR界面快捷键设置修改，步骤如下：

打开快捷键界面有两种方法：第一种方法，打开PR后，在菜单栏找到编辑选项下的快捷键菜单，单击后就会弹出设置界面。第二种方法，打开PR后，我们直接使用快捷键Ctrl+Alt+K后，也会弹出设置界面。

打开快捷键界面后在搜索框里我们直接输入想要添加的快捷键功能，然后在空白处单击鼠标，就会产生一个框，按下要设置的快捷键，最后点击确定保存设置，这样就快捷键就设置好了。

PR视频特效

添加滤镜

首先就是滤镜的位置是在左下角的【效果】选项里面，如下图箭头指向所示：

里面的滤镜很多，可以选择自己喜欢的滤镜进行使用，如下图箭头指向所示：

然后，我们直接将滤镜拖拽到素材身上就可以进行使用了，如下图箭头指向所示：

调整滤镜的内部可调节参数，素材的效果就能实时预览。点击前面的【FX】可以进行滤镜效果的开启以及关闭，如下图箭头指向所示：

效果里面，除了视频滤镜，还有音频滤镜以及各种转场可用，如下图箭头指向所示：

添加字幕

在工具栏，点击文字工具；

使用文字工具点击视频，在文字框中输入字幕，就添加字幕成功了。

视频的删减

导入完素材之后我们将素材拖到右边，便能对视频素材进行编辑了（点击播放按钮可预览）。接下来我们讲一下视频内容的删减。

比如说：我们觉得某一段内容不好，想把它删掉，那么该怎么办呢？在PR中我们有两种方法：

1、选择左侧工具栏的刻刀工具，在想要删去内容的两头进行点击，然后即可将商品分割成三段，可从中选择自己不想要的内容；

2、直接从末尾拖动即可（只能对开头或末尾内容进行删减）。

视频的倍速播放

视频的倍速播放在PR中很容易就能实现了：右键-速度/持续时间。选择速度（百分比，如200%就是两倍速） ，点击【倒放速度】就能倒放了。

音乐淡出效果

添加音乐的方法和添加视频的方法一样，导入以后拖动到右边就可以了。删减运用上述方法也是可以完成的。

音乐淡出的效果：

添加完音频后，拉开轨道，点击左下的小按钮，选择：轨道关键帧-音量；

选择：添加-移除关键帧按钮，在想要淡入、淡出的地方添加关键帧，即可对音量进行修改，完成淡入、淡出的效果；

如果你是第一次使用PR并且佩戴耳机的话，要到PR的【编辑】-【首选项】-【音频硬件】里的【默认输出】修改输出设备为：耳机。

音效增益

打开PR软件，将音频导入进去，拖到右下方的【时间轴】操作区；

右击鼠标，点击音轨，在出现的选项中点击【音频增益】；

在【音频增益】页面，选择【将增益设置为】；

输入合适的音频值，负数表示减少，完成后点击【确定】。

视频转场

首先打开电脑上的PR，打开项目文件后，选择右侧的【效果】面板，效果面板中有音频效果、音频过渡，视频效果、视频过渡；

鼠标点开【视频过渡】，其中有7类转场特效，我们这里点击进入【溶解】，选择【溶解】下的【交叉溶解】；

选择【交叉溶解】拖动到视频上，可以看到我们可以将转场放置到视频末尾，视频开头或两段视频中间，这里选择【视频中间】；

插入完成后我们双击此转场，进入【设置过渡持续时间】，拖动蓝色字体即可增加或减少时间。

成品：

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"Adobe Premiere是Adobe家族的一款剪辑软件，它给我的感觉就是入门快、功能强大，无论是对于新手还是专业人士，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在大部分情况下都是很友好的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnUr3YSjnT8yfxx1JfEA7Zb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识PR","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR9osBfOEgCeh8vdA4Ct8Fh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Pr全称Adobe Premiere，是Adobe公司开发的一款视频剪辑\u0026编辑软件。主要用于视频采集、视频剪辑、调色、添加字幕、编辑音频、渲染输出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfu2kKYWNcR9F9gXR89OfKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Premiere提供了采集、剪辑、调色、美化音频、字幕添加、输出、DVD刻录的一整套流程，并和其他Adobe软件高效集成，使用户足以完成在编辑、制作、工作流上遇到的所有挑战，满足用户创建高质量作品的要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGdxJRqeFSHIHkd0wQ1OdRh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"下载","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"软件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCA761mSEd5B7vAyPMd0VGf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"Adobe官网下载","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzSSrQuvfKbJ7l1wKI5bu3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进入","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"Adobe官网","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"进行下载","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.adobe.com/cn/products/premiere.html"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.adobe.com/cn/products/premiere.html","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwti8cvwC1haSG5SXQBwwRh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":633,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"Adobe官网下载","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7e6b7bfcc34c4c8a9c996b5fa0bd03f0","width":1322},"text":"","id":"doxcnQe0om8qMyUuEwVGHMH7Iyg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"其他网页下载","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ21XJ1g4bvctZoIXy7ejee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、打开浏览器","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"今日头条","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"搜索","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"3D溜溜网","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，进入官网","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXaYcJyllKSUOisUga7XDwg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"其他网页下载","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b145b54cbb734439b6d4a0a4467ab438","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnzI3dVQG57bgdfaQUMA04jQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"打开浏览器搜索3D溜溜网，进入官网，点击上面【","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"···","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"】三个点之后选择【软件插件】里的【羽兔网软件下载】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIVPCifz0IRzsBqiEjOfiIf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"其他网页下载","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a1638af674e54aad9efb8a646ca04c63","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnqZpvG9QFK35bzCrca5Dv2I"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、选择【常用软件】里的【视频制作】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzRohoZnbSkxA1A8Zk8b27e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"其他网页下载","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/74b9227188ff4aeca2b984c9e8d8a586","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn2OVEbs5EMbBygZUOujtPLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"向下滑，在下面找到","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"2018版本的进行【软件下载】，里面还有其他版本，这里选择的是适配win7的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCtQ1MsKtZgOu5E1P57TWNb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":542,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"其他网页下载","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5fef322678914f64998900ac60bcb079","width":884},"text":"","id":"doxcn4us8I4k0Sm8SgPZJfjoJKc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"PR窗口介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn96P6ooUhkBHVMi4KpcrGbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Premiere软件由菜单栏、常用工具栏、时间轴、侧边面板栏（组件窗口）组成。主工作区有素材（项目）管理窗口、素材预览窗口、视频监视器窗口、时间轴窗口、调音台窗口、调色窗口等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCxCHkBbfrsDYRvzLAYfj3f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1017,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"PR窗口介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ab86a1a8f924483a7bab52a67f43204","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnPfVPkaL8cXxoC9iyybhMvg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjGGp8htd1KmYO4wrdQHtHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏可以说是整个软件的功能导图，为软件中大多数功能提供了菜单入口，例如","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"软件","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"中的绝大多数功能在对应的菜单栏中都可以找到。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngvQ04rFV59VIcbpf84JoDg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e7e280f0e60f4c0fb2eb62b1e3e9ee03","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn9E6osoDW58yS9TGvBUA2de"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"功能窗口切换区域:(组件、编辑、颜色、效果、音频、字幕、库......)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFy98LpdkaloJb0N5Zu5dRe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"功能窗口切换区域是软件为剪辑、调色、音频、字幕等不同功能定义的界面布局方案。点击对应的功能，软件会自动切换到使用该功能时的界面布局。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5w4jrhGzO9gT01GJHYuf4A"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"功能窗口切换区域:(组件、编辑、颜色、效果、音频、字幕、库......)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/76961e4b5e02455d9d5ec10414a19c20","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnJ6mEm9RKbr3equYoIc04He"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"源素材预览窗口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO89UMHO3dwPheOMiS4VZ1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"源窗口主要是为项目面板中素材(视频、音频、图片)提供实时预览，双击项目面板中的素材即可在源窗口中进行播放预览。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOhgjL2tJgFmTwxhUJSdmfg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":786,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"源素材预览窗口","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ad6e53be4b784562ac3d4e9946f02b29","width":1597},"text":"","id":"doxcneeeeeMaWaeo8wlkBBf96Nb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"节目监视窗口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngMAyEuYQ66iKU9mYWytjEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"节目窗口主要用于监视时间线上剪辑的画面，可以实时播放。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9ceBAXnt86aWD826KpvfDg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":784,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"源素材预览窗口","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/39ef4613ffa84d0aa454bc7961948a17","width":1600},"text":"","id":"doxcn6WYQCO2gMYc8DznazFhMiR"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"项目面板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngxUAPJkZkUzHVVEHQjW2Lh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"项目面板主要是用于项目及素材的管理，我们导入到软件中的素材及新建的序列、字幕等素材全部都存放在项目面板中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnASeSr9hL6bK3QktvtDCSMb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"项目面板","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c245a5fcb97452aa3f2203f9c0735ab","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnR6iRLwn0tmmG4URSVSVeLh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"时间线窗口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUtKP5LGP3KfVP6LBwW9WP9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"时间线窗口可以简单理解为剪辑工作台，我们对素材的剪辑工作全部都是在时间线面板中操作完成。时间线窗口又可分为视频轨道和音频轨道。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpdbxGr0rTK904Q9ULz27Cg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":380,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"时间线窗口","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3f798b3817c949f7a35f9b0c899a62ff","width":1256},"text":"","id":"doxcnyq2gNAr2xMIqhwhENWhxVe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCfhsU1WYo6FqwJ5Q31VWSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具栏","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"集合了所有视频剪辑工具，当然有一些是辅助剪辑工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQlwYEMO1YDYk9Qh8d8AQd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":532,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1dd1d9e917ce4dac9222fb65f1cd00b1","width":809},"text":"","id":"doxcny4kMYakq00aou0bQ8yt4vf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择工具（快捷键：V）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnICeCGuuEemYI4Ih4K7G5We"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"顾名思义，它的作用就是用来选择东西的，不过在有的时候它也会变为其它的形状，作用也随之改变。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGUgmawWwwMEkYByjBJaJac"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"向前选择轨道工具（快捷键：A）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAm4uO2aUiYwEySS0caMSEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用此工具可以选择该轨道上以后的所有素材，视音频链接在一起的则音频同时也被选中；按住Shift键可以变为多轨道选择工具，此时单头变为双头，即使是单独的声音（比如音效、音乐等）也会被同时选中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncYeqIokoi6aW2lE5RngmAh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"波纹编辑工具（快捷键：B）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIqiKA0k8KauE9TFPpQzCkp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用此工具可以改变一段素材的入点和出点，这段素材后面的会自动吸附上去，总长度发生改变。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUyEi0McacUKSeSDseyEtGf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"剃刀工具（快捷键：C）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGC6Oo6ocI0qA0Y7g4jhMUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"pr中导入素材之后，利用剃刀工具切割开视频，视频就分开为多段了，可以分别剪辑切割后的每一段视频，包括删除、添加效果等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneYsIMkoCq2e0YD18rVIRuc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"外滑工具（快捷键：U）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqusYGYsqyaG8Ibe6MTuTqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"作用于一段素材，用来同时改变此段素材的入点和出点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUsuKoWOoKikW4OewvCCyxd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔工具（快捷键：P）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0AOYYIYSE68S4XK6NVuLf0"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个工具和字幕中的钢笔工具是一样，主要用来绘制形状。选中此工具，在需要的位置点击一下确定起点，直接点其它位置可以绘制直线，而在点第二个点的同时按住鼠标不放并进行拖拽可以绘制曲线；它还有一个作用就是进行关键帧的选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsySecm4kW22YMx0RHszAag"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"手形工具（快捷键：H）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyeSuyU0qIeiOYrI2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","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpvU2bBwgmLhAKSzXeWoA9c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":828,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"导出","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d8b0e4930be64ad8a93fefc76f7744d0","width":1530},"text":"","id":"doxcnq9OeQTXIaqIG5FhluqlHUD"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PR导出格式一般用MOV、mp4、AVI等等","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。PR输出视频的时候，要求不一样，输出的格式的就不一样。因为没有统一的标准，要根据需求和目的才能定什么是合适的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8WUWW4Q0eoOAoiU3zHiipb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、如果想输出文件后继续进行编辑，一般推荐输出MOV。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuacmSYEOuG0CQSl2C0Y0qb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、如果输出文件后直接就要观看，或传到视频网站。推荐输出H.264，即mp4。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncCOumAIkcS2Kon4eEwzPKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、如果输出文件给电视台标清播出，就输出AVI格式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2OiGGiWU0E2koz3Im8My3d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"成品","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnikOQyOW066WI4HoGSoszMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面这张是成品","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnrlcxwJTKBYs8oNNf0tjhf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":230,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"成品","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d965685734594664adab5079a2ee244e","width":410},"text":"","id":"doxcndu3hxY8vMgwzvXhrog4sLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里用的是","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"2018版本","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnraknSYHmS9h9PBNzy1Ecrf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"基础快捷键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAOymG2QW6kOgew4XvrOBYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、按i可以设置入点，O可以设置出点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWMuG4kioCUs6gQDBPutVMv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、Shift+delete键可以删除视频同时，把视频之间的间隙去掉；Ctrl+Z撤销。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOUUwCqSeA66oGI5CoBuWHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、向前选择轨道工具（A）和链接选择项的结合使用可以删除选择点后面的视频和音频","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8QaSq4gmMwOyKO5n6TxBbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、向前选择轨道工具（A）和取消链接选择项的结合使用按shift键可单独删除视频，保留音频。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneKyMYoQeeu84KU2iYrjLbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、按Q键可删除剪辑的开始，按W键可删除剪辑的结尾，但是它们会从每个音轨中删除内容，如果有多层音轨，这个快捷键就不适用，可以通过锁定音频轨道来避免音频被删除。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneoqqGoAqemIkEq2qzcuYqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、按光标键→，按一下前进一帧，按Shift键+光标键，一下会前进5帧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKs6yOQIeAG4Ww11XowX1Pb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、alt+拖动素材=复制","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAEsAIS8ssciik3RT8Xb00g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用的快捷键如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0g0AaYCeM4KSmgSKkPjCCg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":601,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"基础快捷键","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0db905b0b6104d11aed544b39283e07d","width":901},"text":"","id":"doxcnM28y2m2AUYsSiyCX5SWQ8g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":601,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"基础快捷键","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/274dfa02812b4424973c026536d6d33f","width":901},"text":"","id":"doxcnU6mK8cOMWw24GCG9yLRbch"}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0IoogSg4KmAiSwAUjCoB6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注：如果自己不适应默认的快捷键可以在","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"界面快捷键设置修改，步骤如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0IoogSg4KmAiSwAUjCoB6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开快捷键界面有两种方法：第一种方法，打开","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"后，在菜单栏找到编辑选项下的快捷键菜单，单击后就会弹出设置界面。第二种方法，打开PR后，我们直接使用快捷键Ctrl+Alt+K后，也会弹出设置界面","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmE8gQEcESwcaOsVIb2KNyc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1013,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"基础快捷键","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/17906eb76da6474bbe33762039398065","width":1889},"text":"","id":"doxcn8WU68WuCgegUw95zwxC74c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开快捷键界面后在搜索框里我们直接输入想要添加的快捷键功能，然后在空白处单击鼠标，就会产生一个框，按下要设置的快捷键，最后点击确定保存设置，这样就快捷键就设置好了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2sI2ays2C82CyY9ZEtLplh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"PR视频特效","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKss2WSMgGAyqglCfF5Ay5Y"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"添加滤镜","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngGyEQsy0oWYCSHLOLZhKq6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先就是滤镜的位置是在左下角的【效果】选项里面，如下图箭头指向所示：","id":""}],"text":"","id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，点击","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"【","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"倒放速度】就能倒放了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2weOsSGGuy6CknqwtBPqjc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1524,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"视频的倍速播放","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/92ef2e00c06f4f638a9bd9fb49e44b77","width":2712},"text":"","id":"doxcnuMO0Kqu6ieWgkp1OyVyZOe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音乐淡出效果","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnquEaO6s8KUYK4s1P17lp5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"添加音乐的方法和添加视频的方法一样，导入以后拖动到右边就可以了。删减运用上述方法也是可以完成的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqCsII4ek2WCUKuZYa4J2yc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音乐淡出的效果：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCSiM8eeOkqMYYJJgdc3zpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"添加完音频后，拉开轨道，点击左下的小按钮，选择：轨道关键帧-音量","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngkSgga8WCYAMsfvboStI1r"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1651,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音乐淡出效果","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/45fb404f013041ebac46affc65ab23bd","width":2736},"text":"","id":"doxcnqC82ga0ESE4geehPPuocqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择：添加-移除关键帧按钮，在想要淡入、淡出的地方添加关键帧，即可对音量进行修改，完成淡入、淡出的效果","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnciWIMWggKMO4qmo0LWnz4e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":560,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音乐淡出效果","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa051e786ae74574b738dcfcec880306","width":2537},"text":"","id":"doxcnCOGUaqgwcWQ6spzhqzcHXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你是第一次使用P","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"R","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"并且佩戴耳机的话，要到P","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"R","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"【","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"编辑】-【首选项】-【音频硬件】里的【默认输出】修改输出设备为：耳机。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmwk28QWC6gkykdjJcdeAKg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1161,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音乐淡出效果","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c7590bd586ea4efd8f6bc7d57343d106","width":1521},"text":"","id":"doxcniye8EkyoG8EgUPidM1yTZM"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音效增益","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqmosymc0OW0Yo5ZI26sCaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开PR软件，将音频导入进去，拖到右下方的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"【时间轴】","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"操作区","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna802UygmWaEeEzpb4xHCSc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音效增益","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b0f21fbea4e141348d0a813c206312a8","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnCgwKW6QCakeQ23k8cMiTmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"右击鼠标，点击音轨，在出现的选项中点击","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"【音频增益】；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2c0qiCKOeiI8oZ8bDy3EQg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音效增益","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0cea1af410a84e8f812a9dea03b159d8","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn2AMYac6qCIsYA52uYmmjDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"【音频增益】","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"页面，选择","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"【将增益设置为】；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOQIkQ8O86Qg4cxWF0amyZb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音效增益","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa8cd3e6aa4b40bebc6cac6f7990b9dd","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnAOcIYsoeAWuWWSM57mLc1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"输入合适的音频值，负数表示减少，完成后点击","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"【确定】","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCUAcWciGi2UeO8XAiLVBtc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音效增益","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/89365811d08349dc96088372736c5780","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn4UUYsyGwWiYA2CKYvb4gmb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频转场","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG4sysssKueIQuQFvufWYgc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先打开电脑上的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"PR","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，打开项目文件后，选择右侧的【效果】面板，效果面板中有","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"音频效果、音频过渡，视频效果、视频过渡；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmqwKcuQAwwW02ZoMGeRJfd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"视频转场","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/805c1e3f068240a4a431852c5062c3f7","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn4qiuQIqqUSCkeoVcRVlIoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"鼠标点开【视频过渡】，其中有7类转场特效，我们这里点击进入","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"【溶解】，选择【溶解】下的【交叉溶解】","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwM8K6A2siQKaugsk6Vb7Lc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"视频转场","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/52958eec3d1a40c983dca8a9018c1959","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn48oGWGW2ai6ACIwKKf4lOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择【交叉溶解】拖动到视频上，可以看到我们可以将转场放置到视频末尾，视频开头或两段视频中间，这里选择【视频中间】；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno6ec4cC6owsAVXKytUtaBW"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"视频转场","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/69139b677d80441d802f694655663531","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnCaoocAM8q4uoEt2HiFTZId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"插入完成后我们双击此转场，进入【设置过渡持续时间】，拖动蓝色字体即可增加或减少时间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSsi4oUGWcoOCYDAouBTKkc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"视频转场","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/08eb0468190441c79f26cb603972683a","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn6mg2WQOg0uy2K0PegxzHwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"成品：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI8oosUKcm8iSWyYQYc4JIe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":598,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"视频转场","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/57979e729fd340639439a9f54646664d","width":898},"text":"","id":"doxcnMQa8QmoWa6IOQbFSZaTPtc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAMa8S486maiWEH5jMoxgne"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

5. 徐工lw800k装载机

铲车的型号，字母表示产址，数字是型号，中间数字表示斗容量。

IW321、IW521F、IW541F、ZL50G、IW300K IW350K、IW400K、IW420F、IW500F、IW600K、IW800K、LW221、LW250、LW100、LW160、LW168G、LW166、LW160FB、LW820G、LW500K-II LW60G、ZL30G、ZL50G、ZL40G、ZL40GH、ZL60G、ZL50GH、ZL06、ZL20A

6. 徐工lw220高卸王装载机

徐工lw50装载机

基本性能

额定载重(吨) 3-5吨

额定载重量(kg) 5000

整机操作重量(kg) 17200

铲斗容量(m³) 3

卸载高度-卸载角度为45°(mm) 3100

卸载距离-卸载角度为45°(mm) 1100

挖掘力（掘起力）(kN) 170

发动机

发动机型号 WP10G220E33NG

额定功率(kw/rpm) 162/2000

工作形式 直列，四冲程，水冷，稀燃，预混合，增压中冷

变速箱

最高车速(km/h) 38

驱动桥

轮胎规格 23.5-25-16PR

7. 徐工lw700kv装载机

目前国内装载机规格型号有：（ZL或LW就是轮式装载机的意思)06、08、10、12、15、16、18、20、30、35、40、50、60、80、目前国内最大的装载机就是徐工集团新开发的LW1200K装载机（装载12吨）；

8. 徐工lw1200kn装载机

这个千斤顶是1.2吨的。

n代表牛顿，是力的单位，kn千牛。

12kn=12000n 

F=ma，物理意义是力的大小等于物体的重量乘以加速度。

特例重力G=mg=9.8m≈10m。

m=G/10=0.1G公斤

12kn=12000n

约等于1200公斤也就是1.2吨重物的重力。

所以这个千金顶的额定出力是1.2吨。

9. 徐工lw1200k装载机 施工

翡翠，自古以来就以它深邃晶莹的质地，以及蕴涵着东方文化的灵秀之气，成为公认的“玉中之王”，它是最昂贵的宝石品种，具有很高的经济价值、收藏价值和观赏价值。

翡翠的基本知识

翡翠在国际上（矿物名称）称为硬玉，是一种以硬玉为主的矿物集合体，属多色玉石，红色的翡，绿色的翠。

翡翠的由来

翡翠名称来源有几种说法，一说来自鸟名，这种鸟羽毛非常鲜艳，雄性的羽毛呈红色，名翡鸟（又名赤羽鸟），雌性羽毛呈绿色，名翠鸟（又名绿羽鸟），合称翡翠，所以，行业内有翡为公、翠为母之说。明朝时，缅甸玉传入中国后，就冠以“翡翠”之名。另一说，古代“翠”专指新疆和田出产的绿玉，翡翠传入中国后，为了与和田绿玉区分，称其为“非翠”，后渐演变为“翡翠”。

（翡翠鸟胸针）

翡翠迄今约有300余年的历史，从唐朝就作为贡品进入中国内地（一般认为翡翠被运用于中国的玉雕业是在明朝）。由于过去翡翠主要由云南腾冲加工、运出，因此，翡翠过去也称为“云南玉”。至今也保持着去云南必购玉的习惯。

翡翠的定义

翡翠是一种以硬玉、钠铬辉石和绿辉石为主要组成成分，质地细腻、坚硬柔韧、色彩丰富、已达到玉石级工艺美术要求的天然矿物集合体。

自从300年前翡翠传入我国，翡翠就毫不留情地替代了古来名贵的白玉，把中国玉文化推向了一个更高层次。翡翠以其色泽——艳丽多彩、光泽油亮，质地——坚韧、均匀、细腻，优良的物理性能、独特的玉文化内涵，成为最具观赏价值、收藏价值和文化艺术价值、利润最高的宝玉石之一，被誉为“玉石之王”，深受亚洲人，尤其是华人的青睐。

不仅如此，它还有“佩之益人生灵，纯避邪气”的作用。多年来，人们一直把翡翠当成护身符佩戴。在中国，女性佩戴翡翠戒指、手镯，男性以玉佩为主。人们把翡翠和祖母绿宝石一起列为5月份的诞生石，是运气和幸福的象征。

翡翠的物质组成

一、翡翠的主要物质构成

翡翠属辉石类，其主要组成物为硅酸铝钠，宝石矿中一般将含量超过50%以上的硅酸铝钠视为翡翠，出产于低温高压下生成的变质岩层中。

传统上只把硬玉为主要矿物成分的集合体当作翡翠。近十年来，不断有以钠铬辉石、绿辉石和钠长石等为主要矿物成分的集合体出现，并以各种名称出现在翡翠市场上，其中钠铬辉石和绿辉石集合体与硬玉集合体具有相近的宝石特性。

二、翡翠的主要矿物

含量大于95%的矿物成分，包括硬玉（最主要）、钠铬辉石和绿辉石。

1、硬玉

硬玉是组成翡翠的主要矿物成分，翡翠中90%~95%以上矿物成分都是硬玉。成分较纯的硬玉为无色；但含Cr、Fe、Ni等微量元素时，显示为绿色，这些微量元素的存在使翡翠颜色丰富多彩。

2、钠铬辉石

钠铬辉石是欧阳秋眉（1983）在研究缅甸翡翠的过程中发现的，并作了系统的矿物学研究，从而改变了Deer等人认为它只是陨石成因的看法。

钠铬辉石普遍存在于翡翠中，并大量地存在于干青种或铁龙生等类型的翡翠中。特点是Cr致色，呈深绿色或孔雀绿色；不透明。

（铁龙生翡翠手镯）

3、绿辉石

由于绿辉石为Fe致色，绿色偏灰、偏暗。肉眼观察呈深绿色、蓝绿色，组成深绿色翡翠（墨玉）或形成翡翠中飘蓝花的部分。

翡翠品种：油青种、蓝水种、飘蓝花翡翠、墨玉。

三、翡翠的次要矿物

翡翠中不希望有的次要矿物（含量1、角闪石类矿物

角闪石类是翡翠形成的后期产物，属含水的硅酸盐矿物。可构成翡翠中暗绿色或黑色部分，常呈斑晶片状出现，硬度较硬玉要软，行内称“癣”。

（翡翠中的角闪石）

2、钠长石

钠长石在翡翠中仅少量出现，出现较多则为“水沫子”——钠长石玉，是与缅甸翡翠伴生（共生）的一种玉，水沫子本身与翡翠一样美丽，其品质优良、外观美好，具有很大的观赏价值和升值空间。颜色：无色、白色，较为透明，为蜡状到亚玻璃状光泽，内含物常出现圆点状、棒状、棉花状的白色絮状石花；在翡翠中比较少见这种类型的石花。密度为2.66g/cm'左右，比翡翠低，同体积的玉石比翡翠轻1/3。

钠长石不属于翡翠的成分，但经常与翡翠伴生，成为仿翡翠赌石的“杀手”之一。

（钠长石玉）

四、翡翠的副矿物

翡翠中存在很少量的矿物，

（翡翠的副矿物）

五、翡翠的次生矿物

翡翠在表生作用下，由于外来物质沿翡翠表面或裂隙向内部渗透浸染而产生的矿物，矿物比较细小，但可以改变翡翠的颜色。

1、氧化铁质矿物：褐铁矿，导致翡翠产生红色或黄色翡色。

2、黏土矿物：绿泥石、蛇纹石、蒙脱石、伊利石。导致翡翠产生灰绿色、暗绿色的次生色。

翡翠的颜色

翡翠的颜色丰富多彩，也是翡翠的价值所在，以绿色为上品。翡翠的颜色大体上可分为5种：

翡翠的原生色是指组成翡翠的原生矿物所产生的颜色，是翡翠主要的颜色类型，也是翡翠成为名贵宝玉石品种的最主要因素。翡翠原生色的色调很多，主要有白色、绿色、紫色、墨绿色和黑色等。根据目前研究的成果，翡翠的颜色与其组成矿物的种类及其化学成分有关。透明到半透明的翠绿色翡翠与含铬硬玉有关，浅绿色翡翠与含少量Cr的硬玉有关，不透明的绿色翡翠与铬硬玉有关，紫色翡翠与含Mn硬玉有关，部分灰绿色翡翠与含绿辉石有关，翡翠中的黑色则多与角闪石有关。

翡翠的次生色是指翡翠在地表或近地表经受表生地质作用，使翡翠的组成矿物分解或半分解，并在各种大小的裂隙、矿物晶粒之间的微裂隙中充填氧化物、胶体物质、黏土矿物等而形成的颜色。主要的色彩有褐黄色、褐红色、灰绿色和灰黑色等。翡翠的次生色可分成氧化次生色和还原次生色两种类型。

氧化次生色主要成分是Fe的氧化物，形成的褐红色的翡翠，称为红翡，是充填在翡翠的裂隙及颗粒间隙中含有高价铁的化合物造成的。由于次生氧化作用是由外而内的，红翡分布在翡翠籽料的外层，由外皮向内形成红皮牛血雾一新鲜玉石的分带。

翡翠的颜色丰富多彩，正绿色为上品。其次为红色、蜜黄色、紫罗兰色等。优质的蓝色和油青色也深受人们的喜爱。每一类色彩又可细分为几种。色彩的微小差别都可极大地影响其价值。

一、翡翠常见颜色

1、绿（翠）色

绿（翠）色是翡翠的代表色，与宝石中祖母绿相媲美。翠色之美，是生命的含义，能给人最大的满足。绿色是生命和青春的象征，体现和平与安宁，同时代表钱财。

常见的绿色有宝石绿或祖母绿、苹果绿、秧苗绿或黄阳绿、葱芯绿、黄绿、蓝绿、豆青绿、菠菜绿、瓜皮绿、江水绿、蛤蟆绿、墨绿、灰绿等。

2、油青色

油青是底色偏灰，指颜色和底子。油青的种类很多，如蓝水、绿水、睛水和老油青。油是一种比较差的水光，体现在水头比较差的翡翠上，水头好的不显油性。油青色常和冰地相得益彰，这种手镯很受欢迎。

3、飘花

飘花是绿色、蓝绿色呈云片状分布于冰地或玻璃地翡翠中，是一个价格不菲的品种。一件做工得当的飘花翡翠，犹如中国水墨画。传统的飘花是指色蓝花，一只中档的纯正冰地飘蓝花手镯要10万元以上。

4、红色

红色象征着爱和热，代表福气、钱财。翡翠中红色常带褐色，正红者少。红色是翡翠的次生色，分布在裂隙及颗粒间隙中含有高价铁的化合物造成的。红色在饰品中起到画龙点睛的作用，与绿色在一起，其效果大有可观，价值不菲。在翡翠界中有“万翠易得，一翡难寻”的说法。

5、黄色

黄色象征着光辉灿烂，代表着权力和富贵。翡翠中黄色多为偏褐的黄色，如果与少许绿色相搭配，再施予巧雕，能得到意想不到的效果。

6、紫（春）色

紫色代表财气和喜庆，象征瑞福。所谓紫气东来，紫气冲天，象征着高贵和财富。紫色分成三种色调：粉紫、茄紫和蓝紫。紫色翡翠结晶较粗，种差，“十春九垮”，行内常将翡翠带紫称为春，再有其他颜色搭配称为春带彩。

7、白色类

翡翠的白色代表长寿，从油亮的奶白到透亮的水白色，层次多样，分为冰白和干白。冰白：透明—半透明，主要在玻璃种、冰种翡翠中出现，有冰清玉洁之感，是白色翡翠中的上品，起荧光（像充满水一样）。

干白：白色，不透明，颗粒粗，种差，为常见的中低档翡翠。

8、黑色

翡翠的黑色，实际上是较深的绿色，通过透光照射能看得出来，这种翡翠又叫墨玉。看上去是黑的，透光是绿色或蓝色。越黑越透乃上品。

9、三彩

在白地的翡翠上有两种颜色，一般为红、黄、绿、紫中的两者，行里称为福禄寿。有三种颜色者称为福禄寿喜。春带彩是福禄寿的一种。

翡翠的颜色不是孤立存在的，通常是几种颜色集中在一起，有主调，也有不同颜色，色彩搭配出不同效果。它要求有适当的翡翠质地相匹配，色彩与质地搭配和谐，能大大提高翡翠的观赏价值。

二、翡翠的颜色分布特征

翡翠的颜色分布特征又称为色形，翡翠的不同颜色有各自的分布特征，是认识翡翠的重要外观特征。翡翠中的颜色分布常见的形态和形状有丝状、带状、点状、斑状、团块状、片状（层状）等。

翡翠颜色分布特征是分布不均、伴有色根。在不同的体色上，能见到绿色丝絮、条纹或斑点（色根）。

色根是翡翠中的颜色分布不均匀的现象。色根是翡翠地子之外的绿色部分不均匀分布形成的。可以是各种形状，各种形态。一般来说色根的颜色可以与地子颜色有比较大的差异，也可以只是颜色深浅，或者颜色的形态，形状边界的变化。

色根通常具有一定的宽度和长度，与周边无色的部分的界线较为分明。

高档翡翠在阳光照射下，绿色相对均匀，但在强光下可见布满一个方向的色根；中低档翡翠，多在无色灰白色的底色上，见有绿色条纹或斑点。

翡翠的质地

一、翡翠的结构

玉石的结构是指组成矿物的颗粒大小、形态及相互关系。

翡翠是一种特殊的变质岩，是在一定温度压力条件下，经过变质结晶作用形成的。在其形成之后还遭受了不同程度的后期改造作用。变质结晶作用阶段主要形成一系列变晶结构。翡翠常见的结构有：纤维交织变晶结构、粒状变晶结构等。

纤维交织结构在地质学中又称为纤维变晶结构，纤维状的硬玉等矿物近乎定向排列或交织排列在一起。它是翡翠最常见的一种结构，形成了翡翠硬度高、韧性强等特点。透明度高，致密、细腻的高档翡翠多属此类。

一般来讲，矿物颗粒越粗、颗粒间结合越松散，则翡翠质地就越松散，透明度和光泽也差；相反，矿物颗粒越细、结合越紧密，则翡翠质地就越细腻致密，透明度好，光泽也强。纤维交织结构者韧性好，而粒状结构者韧性差。

翡翠的地子又称为底子，简称“地”或“底”，指的是翡翠除去绿色部分的基础部分，都称为地子，也就是底色的意思，是翡翠中除去重要色彩以外的部分的称呼。

二、翡翠质地的划分

翡翠的质地是翡翠中矿物颗粒大小及相互组合关系，大体分底细、底粗和底脏。

底细：翡翠矿物颗粒细小、质地细腻，俗称“肉细”。

底粗：翡翠矿物颗粒细大、质地粗糙，俗称“肉粗”。

底脏：翡翠中存在有黑色和锈色杂质。

由于翡翠中硬玉矿物颗粒大小不同、结晶组合关系不同，形成不同的质地，反映到透明度和翡翠质地细腻度也各不相同。总的说来，质地坚实细润、洁净、透明度高、底色均匀漂亮、光泽强的翡翠是好品种；而那些结晶颗粒粗、不透明、底脏的品种质量较差。我们将翡翠的质地进行了如下划分。

1、玻璃地

完全透明，玻璃光泽。翡翠的透明度与宝石不同，好的玻璃地镯子看上去透明如水晶，无杂质，是翡翠中最好的质地。

2、冰地

冰地次于玻璃地，全物通透如冰，即通明中如有一层薄雾，似净水封冻、凝滞。棉质与结构清晰分明，细腻均匀，犹如冰块。

3、蛋清地

质地如同鸡蛋清，玻璃光泽。半透明，但比较纯正，无杂质。

4、糯化地

内部结构朦胧不可分辨，棉质化在结构内部，半透明，果冻状。

5、豆地

豆地是一种很常见的翡翠种类，它的特点是颗粒比较粗，透光性较差，它的种类很多，如豆青种、冰豆种、油豆种、猫豆种、细豆种等。有“十有九豆”之说。

6、油地

表面具油润的感觉，但颜色暗，偏灰。绿得不正，让人感觉闷闷的，不抢眼。

7、白底青

底色白或灰，但透光性差，基本不透明，粉底，但个别也有冰底，结构一般较粗，绿色相对比较鲜艳。

8、瓷地

细白地，半透明，细腻色白。如果光泽好，也是好的玉雕原料。

9、干白地

不透明，白色均匀；结构粗糙，肉眼颗粒比较粗。

翡翠中硬玉矿物结晶颗粒细，呈纤维交织结构的翡翠，质地好，显示玻璃地、冰地、蛋清地、糯化地。

结晶颗粒粗大，矿物界线分明，质地差，如豆地、干白地。

翡翠质地的好坏直接关系到翡翠品质的等级和价值，因此，正确认识翡翠的结构和质地，是人们对翡翠品质判断的重要一环。

翡翠的水头

翡翠的水头指翡翠的透明度和水润度，是翡翠透过可见光的能力，是评价翡翠的重要标准之一。

透明度是指光在物体中的透过能力，翡翠的透明度主要指翡翠的透光性，同时与光泽有一定关系。水润度则是指翡翠晶莹剔透、水灵之感的强弱。

透明度和水润度高的，行家称为水头长，反之，则称为水头短。对于其他质量指标相同或相近的翡翠，其透明度越好，质量品级也越高，价值也越高。而有的翡翠的绿色能满足正、浓、阳、匀，但光透不进去，水润度也极差，这样的翡翠充其量只能作为中等品。

翡翠的瑕疵类型

瑕疵是天然宝玉石中不可避免的，很多人在购买翡翠遇到瑕疵时，大多数商家误导纹和裂是天然形成的，不算瑕疵。实际上瑕疵对于翡翠的品质根据具体情况可能有很大影响。以下为翡翠的部分瑕疵类型：

一、石花

石花是翡翠中团块状的白色絮状物，有石花表示颗粒粗，“组成矿物”分布不均匀，种质不够细腻。由于形态不同，石花中又分石脑、石萝卜花与芦花等。结晶颗粒粗大，矿物界线分明，质地差，如豆地、干白地。

二、棉

棉是翡翠内部呈半透明、微透明的白色包裹体（絮状物），为雾状、点状、片状，对光线产生阻碍，影响翡翠的通透度和美观度。

三、杂色的色斑和色带

这是指除绿色以外的色斑和色带，也称脏色，如黄褐色、黑灰色，底色、俏色、多色组合不能看作脏色。

四、黑点、黑丝和黑块

黑点、黑丝和黑块是翡翠中呈点状、斑状、丝状和带状的黑色部分。黑点是铬铁矿被硬玉交代后的残余；黑丝和黑带是碱性角闪石和辉石造成的。

五、裂、纹

裂、纹指翡翠原生或开采、加工过程中产生的裂隙。已愈合裂隙，也称“石纹”，对外观会产生不同程度的影响。未愈合的裂隙称裂纹，对翡翠品质的影响较大。翡翠的裂纹往往呈面状、线状出现在翡翠中，在对光观察时比较容易看到，但有时手镯里的石纹、色线也容易被看成裂，购买者需要在实践中比较区分，在选购的时候也容易判断错误。而种越好的翡翠，内部越清楚，绺裂等现象也越明显。因此，手镯的裂在选购时虽然需要重视，但不要过于强调。断绺是手镯当中最忌讳的问题。断绺问题严重的手镯，敲击的声音也不清脆。而且在佩戴过程中，容易有断掉的现象。

翡翠的种

翡翠的种是对翡翠的综合性概括或划分，描述了翡翠内部矿物颗粒大小以及矿物颗粒之间结合的紧密程度的关系，也可以说是指翡翠的内部结构和构造。它综合翡翠质地、水头和颜色，是评价翡翠品质的重要标志。

翡翠的种根据侧重点不同，有的强调颜色，有的强调质地。在翡翠圈里，有“外行看色，内行看种，高档货重在看种”。衡量一块翡翠的价值最重要的是“一种、二色、三工艺”。种差一分，价差十倍。翡翠的种主要有：

1、玻璃种

玻璃种是指像玻璃一样透明的翡翠，结构细腻致密，纯净透明，杂质少。有白玻璃种和带色玻璃种，如老坑玻璃种的颜色均匀，是翡翠中的极品。

白玻璃种有时真像玻璃，通透度极好，荧光足。

2、冰种

可见内部交织纤维结构，微晶部分肉眼不可分辨，透明度好，棉质与结构清晰分明，细腻均匀，犹如冰块。

3、芙蓉种

呈清淡绿色，玉质细腻均匀，水头好，有时呈淡淡的粉色，属中高档品种。

4、糯化种

内部结构朦胧不可分辨，棉质化在结构内部。水头好的糯化种可达到冰种的水平，为了区别普通的糯化种，这样的糯化种也称为冰种化底。

5、金丝种

绿色不均匀，呈丝状断断续续，水头好，底也好，也是中高档品种。

6、豆种

一种很常见的翡翠种类，它的特点是颗粒比较粗，透光性较差，它的种类很多，如豆青种、冰豆种、油豆种、猫豆种、细豆种等。

7、花青种

绿色分布不均匀，呈脉状或斑点状，料干，属中低档品种。

8、油青种

分高档油青和低档油青，高档玉质细腻，透明度好，反之为低档，低档表面具有油润的感觉，但颜色暗，绿得不正，让人感觉闷闷的，不抢眼。

9、干青种

其特征是颜色黄绿、深绿至墨绿，带黑点，常有裂纹，不透明，显得很干。

10、紫罗兰

颜色为紫色，透明度从冰种到粉底都有。

翡翠的鉴定

翡翠美丽和高贵的基础是真，只有真正的翡翠，才能使人产生美好的感觉，才可能具有高贵的价值。因此，我们必须研究如何区分翡翠与其相似品、如何判别翡翠赝品、如何判断翡翠是否经过处理等，以便让翡翠的美丽高贵在“真”的基础上发扬。

A货

未经充填和加色处理的天然翡翠玉件被称为A货。A货是指以天然翡翠原石为原料，在成品加工过程中只通过机械加工手段（物理方法），如切割、打磨、雕刻、抛光等制成的翡翠产品。

（翡翠观音吊坠）

翡翠A货不是指特别好看的翡翠，既有好的，也有差的，所谓差的是基本无色或者没有水头、很干的翡翠。A货翡翠因原料及成品没有一点人工作伪，货真价实，属于高档翡翠，具有最大的收藏价值和保值性、投资性。A货翡翠不但是物质财富，也是精神上的财富。

灯光下用肉眼观察A货翡翠，质地细腻、颜色柔和、石纹明显；轻微撞击，声音清脆悦耳；以手掂之有沉重感，明显区别于其他石质。由于矿藏和开采量的关系及人们需求量较大的特定条件，目前市场上很好的缅玉较少。特别是颜色翠绿、地子透亮的品种则少之又少。

一般如秧苗绿、菠菜绿、翡色或紫罗兰飘花的品种当为常见。而其他三类（B、C和D）都经过人工染色处理，其绿色显得不自然，呆滞、发邪、漂浮且无色根，日久天长会变色、褪色，无保值和收藏价值。

B货

翡翠B货是指在加工过程中对底灰黑而脏、水差的原料进行化学处理，去除杂质、杂色而制成的产品。如用酸性溶液浸泡，包括用浓盐酸加浓硝酸配制的王水等，或经过充填，包括充填高分子聚合物等处理的，称B货。

B货的矿物成分是天然翡翠的成分，颜色是天然的，但充填的胶老化后会影响颜色的明亮鲜艳程度，影响透明度、光泽等。

了解B货是鉴定翡翠的关键，了解翡翠B货的重点是要了解其制作过程及鉴定、辨别。早期的翡翠B货，表面常会有一层黄色的铁染物质，影响外观。通常的方法就是将翡翠浸泡在强酸中，经过一段时间，其表面的黄色即可去掉，这一过程叫“脱黄”。初期的B货经酸洗处理后，再洗干净，然后上蜡，粗看与正常翡翠没什么分别，但受到温度的影响时，所上的蜡就容易脱落，表面的裂隙很快会显露出来，所以初期的B货十分容易被检验出来。现在翡翠B货的制作技术得到了很大的改善和提高。为了在收藏中准确鉴定翡翠，有必要了解其制作过程。

首先要选种，不是任何种质都可以用来制作B货。选择强酸溶液，现在一般用盐酸，将需要处理的翡翠洗净放入浸泡，种质不同，所需要的时间也不同，一般需2~3个星期，由于强酸的侵蚀，翡翠原来紧密的结构会遭到破坏而成松散状。将经过酸处理的翡翠洗净，这时翡翠表面及内部已形成蜂巢状，结构变得十分松散，所以需要用粘结力极强的环氧树脂胶结起来。加热固结，将用环氧树脂胶结的翡翠用锡纸包住放在微波炉中加热，一方面使多余的树脂流出，同时加热后也会使环氧树脂固化。最后用力将肉眼能看到的凸出的环氧树脂部分切割掉，然后抛光。

鉴定B货时，可以发现经过漂色的翡翠，颜色一般显得较鲜艳，但不太自然，有时会使人感到带有黄气，具有树脂的光泽，天然翡翠呈现玻璃光泽，结构显得松散，有的晶体会被错开、移位。A货光线的穿透力较强，晶莹剔透，在苍蝇翅处反光很强；B货的光线穿透力较弱，比较模糊；就像玻璃和玻璃胶的感觉。种质差的过去看表面就可看出，但近年有很多新开发出来的白地青的料子种很差，做出来的东西表面有很明显的酸洗过的痕迹，但上红外光谱吸收仪则显示为A货，没有胶峰。

B货辨别要把握几个要点：

第一，B货初看颜色不错，仔细观察，颜色发呆、发邪，灯下观察，色彩透明度减弱。

第二，B货在两年内逐渐失去光泽，满身裂纹，变得很丑。这是由强酸对其原有品质的破坏引起的。翡翠经过强酸浸泡后，内部结构遭到一定的破坏，变得不那么牢固，所以要用环氧树脂处理，让环氧树脂渗入翡翠内部，干了以后起“加固”作用。由于环氧树脂干了以后呈无色透明状态，所以翡翠B货用环氧树脂“加固”以后仍然那么漂亮。但环氧树脂是有机化合物，时间长了会老化。这种翡翠由于原有的物理结构被破坏，在二、三年内会逐渐失去光泽，老化后颜色逐渐变黄，同时产生许多龟裂纹。这些裂纹对光照产生散射作用，影响了翡翠颜色的视觉效果。一般情况下，五年后裂纹开始起作用，绿色会“褪”去不少，时间越长裂纹越多，翡翠戒面的绿色，也会越来越少。

第三，密度下降，重量减轻。轻微撞击，声音发闷，失去了A货的清脆声。

第四，使用仪器观察。经处理过的硬玉的平均比重为3.29，低于翡翠B货的3.30~3.34。经傅立业变换红外线光谱仪进行分析后，发现在2.800cm-1至3.050cm-1之间出现透射率低谷，表明该硬玉含有树脂。使用Chelsea滤光镜观察时，颜色仍为黄绿色，但其他经过染色的绿硬玉则会变为褐色。

宝石鉴定师在使用Chelsea滤光镜时应小心，因其未必能够察觉部分经过染色的硬玉。现在人工处理翡翠的技术越来越高超了，要正确鉴定也相应变得困难。收藏者要多看实物，熟练掌握翡翠的各种特征，方能将之识破。

C货

C货的称呼是由Coloredjadeite（染色硬玉）的字头而来，即经加色处理的称C货，C货的矿物成分是天然翡翠的成分。

C货是经过物理和化学染色处理的中下等原料。C货的处理方法与B货大致相同，不同之处为：翡翠上可能无色或绿较浅淡或绿较散，又用人工方法加色，在加工过程中经过添加外来染料的方法加色（炮色），使原来无色、绿较浅淡或绿较散的翡翠改变颜色。

但经人工加入颜色的翡翠遇到较高的温度就会脱色，即使是没有外力作用，长久后C货的绿色也容易褪，其质地也和B货一样不能持久。翡翠虽可以染成各种颜色，但以染成绿色和紫色较普遍，尤其是绿色。不但裸石及玉器可以染色，而且切片及原石（原料）也可以染色。染色的过程包括加热及加高压两个步骤。加热必须小心谨慎徐徐加热，以促使翡翠的毛细孔张开，再以高压力使染色扩散渗入到整个翡翠表层。

相对于B货来说，C货是更次一等的翡翠，毕竟B货翡翠的颜色是原来固有的，而C货是用无色翡翠浸色而成。C货与B货的区别在于：B货只去脏增水而不人工上色，而C货有时既要去脏增水又要人工上色，有时底净水好的硬玉可直接上色。真正精细的染色品，外行人是没办法用肉眼辨识的。必须是行家以科学的方法检验，再加上专业知识才能鉴别。对染色做工粗糙品，可用肉眼观察其下列特征进行鉴定。

经过人工注色处理的C货辨伪要点如下：

用肉眼观察，颜色不正，发邪。灯下细看，颜色不是自然地存在于硬玉晶体的内部，而是充填在矿物的裂隙中，呈网状分布，没有色根。颜色的分布是由染色的主脉纹分出细脉染色纹，如同植物主根分出侧根而遍布全石。染色翡翠将失去光泽而呈“干”或“缺水”（不透明）状态。颜色偏蓝，不自然，即所谓邪色。颜色特别“整齐”像穿制服一样，千篇一律。

虽然染色翡翠多是单一色，但并不是说多色者就不会是染的，尤其手镯更有可能被染成绿色、紫色及红色的三色手镯即所谓的福、禄、寿镯。用强力褪字灵擦洗，表面颜色能够去掉或变为褐色。外观颜色暗、沉闷且偏蓝，因是由蓝色素污着染色。颜色仅存在表层，看起来浮浮的。

D货

D货严格来说不是翡翠，它是由类似于翡翠的其他石料或人工合成似翡翠的玻璃料制成。常见的类似翡翠石料有八三玉，是产于缅甸北部的长石和硬玉混生岩石，质地并不好，但经灌胶充填裂隙后，因酷似翡翠的形象而赢得市场，市场上的大量手镯是用八三玉制成的。

还有一些挂件也用八三玉制成，它半透明，干净的紫色、淡绿色非常美丽，与中档翡翠手镯的成色极为相似，但价格是中档翡翠的几分之一或几十分之一，这种D货翡翠只有装饰价值，没有收藏价值。八三玉没有浓艳绿色，市场上出现的浓艳色八三玉是人工染色制成的。

翡翠的估价

翡翠质量的综合评价

消费者在购买翡翠饰品，尤其是购买贵重的翡翠饰品前，有两大问题必须引起高度重视：第一，辨别真假，防止以假充真，以免吃亏上当。第二，应大体上能观察、衡量出欲购买饰品的质量档次，品级高低，价值如何。

当我们面对一件翡翠饰品时，通常可以从翡翠的颜色（色）、结构与构造（种）、透明度（水）、底（地张）、工艺（工）、完美度和重量大小七个方面，来综合衡量质量优劣及品级高低，从而大致估出其价值范围。这七个指标可称为衡量翡翠饰品价值的七个要素。七个要素的综合即为评估翡翠质量的综合标准。

1、颜色

简称“色”，是影响翡翠质量分级和商品价值最直观、最重要的因素。评价翡翠颜色的价值有五个要素，即色调、明度、饱和度、色比和色形，前三个要素在色彩学中被称为“颜色三要素”，后两个要素是考虑到翡翠价值评价的复杂必需性而增加的。

（1）色调：即颜色的种类，是色彩间相互区分的特征。在翡翠饰品中红为翡，绿为翠，紫为“䄝”。以翠贵，“䄝”次之，翡再次之，其他颜色的价值排列于这三类颜色之后。

（2）明度：指级色的明亮程度，也称“亮度”。颜色明度高为色阳（色亮），质量佳，颜色明度低为色阴（色暗），质量低。

（3）饱和度：指颜色的鲜艳程度，颜色的饱和度高为色浓（色深）、饱和度低为色淡（色浅）。饱和度必须适中，才有良好的视觉感受。

（4）色比：指在一件翡翠饰品中，有颜色部分的面积（或体积）与总面积（或总体积）的比值。色比值用百分数表示，有色部分越多，色比值越大，价值也越高。如果一件翡翠饰品中有几种颜色，则可估算出每种颜色的色比值，据此结合各相关因素作出评价。

（5）色形：即颜色在翡翠饰品中的形状，如丝状、条状、波纹状等。在翡翠玉件中，颜色的形状可谓千姿百态、美不胜收。好的底上有好的色调同时具有好的色形，会产生强烈的神秘感和巨大的艺术魅力，使翡翠的价值陡然上升，这种情况在玉雕摆件等饰品中并不少见。

2、结构与构造

结构与构造在传统的翡翠界简称“种”，种包含了两个既相互独立又相互影响的含义。

（1）矿物集合体的结构：翡翠晶粒的大小、形态特征和相互关系，以及翡翠矿物的内部解理等。

（2）矿物集合体的构造：翡翠晶体的形状，组合方式，疏密程度、微裂隙及石纹等。通常，翡翠的“种“好，则结构均匀细腻，粒度细，其组织构造变化小，抛光后其表面光滑程度佳、整块玉件透明度高，如老坑玻璃种翡翠。反之，翡翠的“种”差，则结构不均匀，粒度粗，其组织构造变化大，表面抛光性差，玉件的透明度降低，如马牙种、豆种翡翠等。

3、透明度

俗称“水”或“水头”。透明度的优劣，反映了一件翡翠饰品是否品莹、清澈、通透和润泽。透明度与翡翠的“种”、“色”及表面抛光程度有关。在“种”和抛光程度相同的情况下，颜色淡，则透明度高；颜色浓，则透明度降低。翡翠的透明度越好，其价值越高。在翡翠商业界，透明度是以阳光或手电简的光线在玉料中能穿透的深度来衡量的，如“二分水”指阳光在玉料中能透入的深度是二分，约为6mm。在实践中，珠宝科技工作者将翡翠的透明度划为透明、亚透明、半透明、微透明和不透明五类，每类都对应着一些典型的翡翠品种。

4、底

俗称“地张”或“底子”。对于未接触过翡翠的人来说，底的概念也比较抽象，对“底”的传统解释是：在翡翠中除色以外的部分，底犹如一张纸，色就如同纸上作的画，色与底协调，方为上品。

5、工艺

简称“工”，包括翡翠饰品的设计构思、制作与雕刻工艺。显然，具有创意、经典高雅、做工精良的饰品方为上品。

6、完美度

主要指翡翠玉件的纯净程度和完好程度，如无杂质、无瑕疵、无绺裂、无缺陷，不含黑点、石花等。对于有关联要求的饰品，完美度还包括成双、对称、配套的满意程度，如耳钉、耳环就有成双、对称的要求，龙风玉牌就有配套、完整的问题。

7、重量大小

对于两块在色、种、水、底等方面相同或相近的翡翠，当然是重量大的价值高于重量轻的。

在以上各项指标中，色、种、水、工四项指标最重要，种、水决定着一块玉件是否有“灵气”，色则常常决定了玉件是否高贵，工则通过饰品所选择的题材、造型及制作水平，反映了设计者的思维和制作者的工艺。选择了某种题材和制作水平的饰品，也就展示了佩戴者在生活中的某种意识、愿望、审美情趣及价值观念等思维活动，因此“工”有着不能忽视的重要地位。只有既具备好的颜色，又具有“灵气”，同时有着好的表现内容和制作水平，才能显出翡翠饰品的高贵、典雅和隽永的内涵。

对于少数特殊的翡翠制品评价，除考虑上述七个要素外，还须考虑其特有的政治、人文背景及历史文物价值等因素。

翡翠绿色的分级评估

翡翠品质的好坏，绿色是重要条件之一，但因绿色十分丰富，变化多端，而且翡翠几乎包括了自然界所有给分级带来了许多困难。但只要利用好色彩学的原理，抓住绿色调，翡翠的分级就会迎刃而解。同时，为了正确地给翡翠估价，在掌握绿色程度的同时，还需要对色力、种份同时掌握。因为翡翠的商业价值主要体现在绿色上，评估时必须对绿色、色力、种份综合考虑。

1、绿的程度分四个等级

（1）超高级：均匀纯正绿色。绿色纯正、均匀，色与底融为一体，不浓不淡，绿色具有艳、润、亮、丽的特点。因其产量非常稀少，故价值极高。如祖母绿、翠绿、苹果绿、黄秧绿等。

（2）高级：根据正绿色的均匀程度，可以再细分为两个档次。

一档：较均匀正绿色。整体绿色深浅适中、均匀，但在整体绿色中，可见少量较浓的绿色条带、斑块、斑点等。总体绿色具有艳、润、亮、丽的特点。其产量比较稀少。

二档：不均匀正绿色。绿色不均匀，其内绿色浓淡分布，整体绿色浓淡适中，绿色具有艳、润、亮的特点。其产量比一档绿色的略多。白色或其他颜色的翡翠上，分布有散点状、条带状、斑块状或斑点状正绿的，评价时可视绿色的多少、大小、厚薄或绿色所占饰品体积百分比来决定升降等级。主要应依据绿色部分能否做标准戒面及其他饰品来作为评价的基本原则。

以上所述两级的高翠，其光谱、波长为530nm~510nm。通过反复观看熟悉后，肉眼也可较准确判断此光谱波长之内的翠绿色彩。若绿色稍浅淡或较浓时，可根据其他评价条件确定等级。

（3）中级：凡高翠呈色绿中偏蓝者属于这个这个级别，根据偏蓝程度的不同，又可分为两个档次。

一档：微偏蓝绿色（光谱波长在510nm~490nm之间）。包括浅淡正绿色、浓深正绿色、鲜艳红色、紫罗兰色、艳黄色。这些品种翡翠的颜色均匀，不浓不淡，具有润、亮、丽的特点。如果颜色不均匀，整体微偏蓝绿色、红色、紫罗兰色、艳黄色，可见色调深浅者，可根据等级评价的标准降低其级别。若微偏蓝绿色浅淡或较浓时，同样应降等级。

若白色或其他颜色的翡翠上，分布有散点状、条带状、斑块斑点状微偏蓝绿色的，评价时可视微偏蓝绿色的多少、大小、厚薄或微偏蓝绿色所占饰品体积百分比来升降等级。

若翡翠饰品上含正绿色调在内的四种以上色彩者，尤其是五种色彩的玉十分珍贵，评价时视绿色在四彩、五彩玉石中的多少来升降级别。

二档：蓝绿色（光谱波长在490nm~470nm之间）。包括淡红色、淡黄绿色、淡紫罗兰色、淡黄色、纯透白色、见绿油膏、纯透黑色翡翠等。色调均匀、不浓不淡，具有润、亮的特点。若色调分布不均匀、浓淡明显者，可根据等级评价条件降低其级别。若蓝绿色浅淡或较浓时，同样应降等级。

若白色或其他颜色的翡翠上，分布散点状、条带状、斑块斑点状蓝绿色的，可视蓝绿色的大小、多少、厚薄或蓝绿色所占饰品体积的百分比来升降等级。

（4）一般级：蓝、灰蓝色（光谱波长在470nm以下）。包括暗蓝色、油青等。色调均匀纯净，具有润的特点。这个级别的绿中显黑，绿中夹过多蓝色，绿中显灰。部分油青如属绿辉石玉，不属翡翠定级范畴。

2、色力分四个等级

（1）高级：摆下看、悬空看都浓艳。

（2）中级：摆下看浓艳，悬空看浅淡。

（3）一般级：摆下看不太浅淡，悬空看浅淡。

（4）低级：摆下看浅淡，悬空看更淡。

3、种份分四个等级

（1）高级：半透明以上，质地细、硬度高。

（2）中级：半透明质地坚实。

（3）一般级：接近半透明，质地一般，略有夹棉。

（4）低级：微透明，质地差，夹棉多。

如果将翡翠成品分为档次，根据货币数量应分为以10万元为单位的超高档、万元以上的高档、以千元为单位的中档、以百元为单位的一般档、以十元为单位的低档，一共五个档次。虽然市场情况变化很大，但其大体估价相差不大。下面简单罗列粗线条的投档方式：

（高绿蛋彩光身戒面）

（中高级色力的观音玉饰）

（1）超高档：色的纯正超高级，色力高级，种份高级。

（红翡绿翠玉镯：超高级）

（2）高档：三个方面都是高级或两个方面高级（含超高级），一方面中级。

（3）中档：一方面高级，两方面中级，或三个方面中级，或两方面高级，一方面一般。

（4）一般档：两方面中级，一方面一般，或一方面中级、两方面一般。

（5）低档：一方面中级，两方面一般，或三方面都一般。

种色均好的玉料不多，制作者多将其用于戒面。种好色次的玉料不少，多是手镯的取材范围。所以选择手镯，只要种好、底洁净，三色、五色、绿丝、绿片、蓝花都算好货色。

一个老山玉，皮壳之下到处显绿，应注意其真假，因为这样显绿的老山玉是极其稀少的。一件玉器通体显绿，呈现均匀的地毯式的绿色，也应该注意其真假，因为玉之真色是自然之色，不可能这样均匀刻板、毫无瑕疵，成语“白璧微瑕”就是这个意思。人工补充绿色，玉件似乎有了自然感，但由于化学药品、电压影响，透明度虽好，质地总会有变异。如果是成品，从补色面的背面悬空望去，补色部分的绿色有空泛发泡不正之感，与真玉之自然绿色不同。因为真色的范围是逐步扩散的。认准玉石绿色之真，才能否定人工假色之伪。

翡翠的收藏与投资

收藏、投资翡翠的步骤

投资的第一步是学习。要学习有关珠宝的知识特别是翡翠知识，从书本中学习，积极参与各种有关翡翠的讲座、研习班、珠宝展览会，学术交流会等各项有关珠宝的活动，多和宝玉石专家、学者、收藏家、业者、消费者等接触，学习培养自身对翡翠玉石的知识，并积累经验，奠定坚实的基础。

投资的第二步是收藏。翡翠等宝玉石的研究与投资，并非一朝一夕可成。对翡翠玉石的认知不足而急于投入，风险就会很大。最好的方法是在投入翡翠玉石行业前，先当一位快乐的收藏家。

在收藏时一定要记住以下儿点：

①进货成本不宜过高。一般来说从店面实价买货就会成本过高，最好能到珠宝玉石的批发市场或源头进货。

②买精不买多。收藏各类翡翠玉石的精品。宁买高价位的精品货，不买低价位的垃圾货。因为大路货做收藏投资回报率低，而在国际国内市场上，高品质的翡翠玉石涨价最为明显，所以收藏一定要以各种翡翠玉石的精品为主。

投资的第三步是市场开发。尽量多去认识一些人，如宝玉石专家学者、收藏家、业者、消费者等，让你周围的人知道你在研究及收藏翡翠玉石，让他们成为你的朋友，因为这些人极有可能是以后的供货源头或固定客户。

投资的第四步是诚信经营。当万事俱备，就到了你该上柜台从事营销的时候了。此时的你早已是行家，应当得心应手了。珠宝玉石这一行不同的人所处环境和条件不同、所学程度不同、营运方法不同，但最基本的一条是务必要诚信为本。因为宝玉石经营消费群体相对较小，从业人员较少，一旦欺诈被揭穿就会在业内诚信全无，很难立足，再想投资经营就不易起步翻身。

收藏、投资翡翠的步骤很多，但以上四步是最基本的功底，需要各类玩家努力打牢基础。

收藏、投资翡翠的类型

许多玩家初入门时，往往面对翡翠缤纷杂乱的交易市场显得无从下手，茫然失措。其实，揭开这个行当神秘的面纱，由简到繁，从小到大，由低到高，先成品后原石，应该是无数人走过的成功之路，值得初入门者借鉴。

一、首饰类

首饰类翡翠爱好者众多，初入门者可作为收藏投资的首选。因为首饰类玉器易于保藏，容易出手，回报率高，同时件小质优，没有赌性，风险最小，初具翡翠鉴赏常识和经验的人即可涉猎，又因为价格灵活，投资者可在数千元、数万元、数十万元至上百万元之间，根据自己经济实力自主选择，适合各种类型的投资者入门。

首饰类包括翡翠戒指、手镯、耳环、项链、胸花、各种挂件与花件。1985年有人在云南德宏州买一对高档翠绿翡翠手镯，大约要0.6万元～0.8万元；而在1995年香港拍卖会上同品质的手镯，最后成交价高达1200万港币。1997年11月，一条由28粒优质翠绿翡翠串成的珠链，在香港的拍卖价为7262万港币。据说这条精美翠链的原主人数年前购入时仅花数百万元。由此可见，投资高档翡翠首饰确实存在巨大的升值空间。但因投资失误导致血本无归的事例也不少。

二、雕件类

收藏投资此类翡翠雕件，同样具有风险性。雕件类翡翠有单色和多色（俏色、巧色）两大类，因玉料件大（与首饰类相比）、设计巧妙、做工精细、造型灵巧、寓意吉祥而广受欢迎，成为投资收藏者青睐的重点。但精美的雕件类翡翠相对投入较大，周转时间也长一些。收藏投资者不光要有独到的眼光，更要具备耐心和毅力。

三、原石类

选购翡翠原石又称“赌石”，这是一项充满神奇和刺激的商贸交易活动。它是收藏投资者具备丰富的知识、经验、人脉、资金、勇气之后，才能涉猎的高级投资行为。它所以称为“赌石”，是因为有赌的成分在内。

一块貌不惊人的翡翠原石往往要投入数十万或数百万元才能购得，这块“赌石”如果是优质满绿，购买者可能会一夜之间变成腰缠万贯的富翁；如果是一块劣质翡翠，眨眼间就会变成穷困潦倒的贫汉。因此，投资翡翠原石必须要有丰富的实践经验、深厚的宝玉石鉴赏知识和雄厚的经济实力。但是，有些人往往被暴富的光环所迷惑，他们靠东借西贷去“赌石”，其结果是胜者极少，败者如群蛾扑灯，蹈火者众，留下无数沉痛的教训。

总之，投资翡翠时要谨慎理性，循序渐进。投资之前一定要博采众议，剑胆琴心，三思而后行，决不能有一下子抱个金娃娃的非分之想。

收藏、投资翡翠的注意事项

一、购买翡翠应具备的常识

第一，不要轻信售玉人的花言巧语。有些玉商为了掩饰其文化水平低下或基础知识匮乏，往往摆出一副内行的架势，比如对翡翠成因、产地、性质、个别染色皮的判别等侃侃而谈。由于一些玉器知识、指标目前国际上尚无成熟的标准，他们敢在顾客面前说教，首先能占领心理优势，然后以“不挣钱”为诱饵，从而实现其获取高额利润的目的。顾客要有自信心，不要被玉商唬住。

第二，不要购买没有经过鉴定的翡翠。各地质检部门强制标准明文规定，所有作为商品销售的翡翠饰品，均需配有法定鉴定机构出具的鉴定证书或小牌等检测标识。在检测机构受理的被骗案例中，90%以上都没有相应的鉴定材料。因此购买翡翠时，要看一看该翡翠是否经过法定检测机构鉴定，是否出具了相应的鉴定证书或小牌，不要听信忽悠，以免上当受骗。或者可在购买翡翠之前与玉店老板协商，征得同意后，先将翡翠饰品送到法定检测机构鉴定，尔后再做交易。购买翡翠时，如果对翡翠饰品鉴定证书有不清楚之处，可拨打证书下方电话咨询，以确定真伪。但一些地方的个别检测机构不负责任，玉商出钱就出证书。所以除信鉴定证书外，还要到正规商家处买货，以加大保险系数。

第三，购买翡翠时向老板索要正规发票。如无发票，可索要售玉人收款的收据，注意请其加盖印章或老板签名。这样如有争议，可以作为“讨回公道”的有利证据。

第四，要买的翡翠一定要事先看仔细。看不清楚可拿到店门外的阳光下反复看，或用10倍放大镜仔细看。玉器的一些毛病、不足常会被商人用各种方法加以掩饰。这些毛病（如残缺、修复、黏合、绺裂等）在店内的白炽灯、日光灯下不一定能看清楚。粗心大意，交了钱才发现就会出现麻烦，甚至要吃大亏，那就后悔莫及。

第五，尽量少在旅游景点或流动摊点上购买翡翠。在旅游景点或流动摊点上购买玉器，一是容易买假货，而且不易挽回损失，二是要多花不少冤枉钱。一些旅游景点上的商店给导游回扣，这部分钱当然是羊毛出在羊身上。据说一些旅游商店和旅行社的导游联手，事先掌握来团的籍贯，商店老板就会冒充同乡忽悠游客，使人沉醉于乡情而不知不觉上当。

二、购买翡翠应具备的技巧

一般玉器交易，既无明码标价，又无统一价格。多数玉商对内行人客气，对外行人则漫天要价。不知就里者常多掏冤枉钱，或掏大钱买假货。因此，从事玉器交易，必须掌握一些基本技巧。

第一，看中某件东西不要急于买下，要沉得住气。可以随意先问其他货品的价位，使卖家误认为你对要买的货无兴趣。然后突然顺口问到相中货的货价，使玉商猝不及防，仓促间报出较实的价位。顾客就能以实价买到理想的玉件。

第二，看到好的东西要稳住情绪，不动声色。喜欢的东西一定不能当面说喜欢，应该反复查看玉器，尽量装作找毛病（不足）。甚至要挑出毛病（不足），把它贬低一通，否则价钱难以压下去。

第三，学会讨价还价，设法把价钱压到最低。玉器店、旅游区、地摊上的报价都有较大甚至很大的水分，若还价高了就很被动。有人戏称“对半带拐弯”还价，即卖家报1000元，还到400元～500元成交，即比较理想。但有些地方的玉商喊价可以高出成交价五倍、十倍甚至更高。所以还价必须事先了解行情，讲究技巧，不能机械套用。

第四，不要不懂装懂，乱吹一气，也不要盲目问些幼稚的话。这样商家一听即知道是外行，很容易把买玉人当做“菜牛”宰客。有时真不懂，反而不说或少说更好。要入翡翠这一行，应勤学好问，多看少买，了解掌握一些翡翠的基本常识。这样在寻玉、鉴玉的过程中，不知不觉中流露出自己并非很外行，商家便不敢胡乱吹嘘、漫天要价了。

三、购买翡翠应注意的事项

第一，不要一味参照书本上或文物店的玉器图形，与自己在市场上见到的玉器对号入座，难免错将仿品当真品。

第二，不要买东西认贱不认贵。不知在玉器收藏中精品最具收藏价值和升值潜力，以致买回一大堆玉器垃圾而浑然不知，还陶然自乐。

第三，不要稍通一点玉器知识即自以为是，趾高气扬地到玉器地摊、市场去捡漏子。狡猾的玉商最欢迎这种人，常常顺其口风溜须拍马，使收藏者掏了高价，买了假货和劣品还自以为是。

第四，不要盲目相信玉品上的款识和铭文，而不知在玉器、古玩、字画上落假款乃是作伪者最常用的伎俩。常见到有人在亲朋好友面前炫耀某大师的作品。殊不知一个玉石雕刻大师一年四季不休息，能亲手做出几件精品?这些玉器多为大师的徒弟或徒孙们的手艺，甚至根本就是高仿冒充大师的作品。

第五，不要片面理解拍卖图录，不知图录上的标价有伸缩性，玉器美观程度与实物也有差异。图录上的玉器多经过摄影师或后期制作美润，使其更加漂亮。按图索骥到市场找玉器，对照标价掏钱买玉器，其结果可想而知。

第六，不要错以为农民家藏的旧玉都绝对可靠，而不知道有些貌似忠厚的农民实则以贩假为生，拿有瑕疵的翡翠玉料染色作皮冒充原石A货，甚至冒充明、清、民国的旧玉以售其奸。

以上这些，可以给收藏、投资翡翠者提供借鉴，吸取他人的教训，少走或不走弯路。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠，自古以来就以它深邃晶莹的质地，以及蕴涵着东方文化的灵秀之气，成为公认的“玉中之王”，它是最昂贵的宝石品种，具有很高的经济价值、收藏价值和观赏价值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaKsIoKMmucG6Ufs4HK5qjc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的基本知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn66Ag2kAKKMU6cvLM80utWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠在国际上（矿物名称）称为硬玉，是一种以硬玉为主的矿物集合体，属多色玉石，红色的翡，绿色的翠。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUcY4caoQGGucyGed3DeANc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的由来","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO6KouWIEWgKAO48DdOJ8Uc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠名称来源有几种说法，","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一说","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"来自鸟名，这种鸟羽毛非常鲜艳，雄性的羽毛呈红色，名翡鸟（又名赤羽鸟），雌性羽毛呈绿色，名翠鸟（又名绿羽鸟），合称翡翠，所以，行业内有翡为公、翠为母之说。明朝时，缅甸玉传入中国后，就冠以“翡翠”之名。","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"另一说","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，古代“翠”专指新疆和田出产的绿玉，翡翠传入中国后，为了与和田绿玉区分，称其为“非翠”，后渐演变为“翡翠”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQOeiWGcCcoIOkbda8wJbfc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":853,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的由来","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5382e653a9ad4aef923665d60129100b","width":1280},"text":"","id":"doxcnGW4QMIqyuWSMKehbSGc2Af"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（翡翠鸟胸针）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnycoIE2qMgskEOM5Qagvjed"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠迄今约有300余年的历史，从唐朝就作为贡品进入中国内地（一般认为翡翠被运用于中国的玉雕业是在明朝）。由于过去翡翠主要由云南腾冲加工、运出，因此，翡翠过去也称为“云南玉”。至今也保持着去云南必购玉的习惯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS86ekUWQE6eiSsmtgmeHOg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的定义","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng4oW2uo0eMaSYZVSFS2Mpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠是一种以硬玉、钠铬辉石和绿辉石为主要组成成分，质地细腻、坚硬柔韧、色彩丰富、已达到玉石级工艺美术要求的天然矿物集合体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY2004QA28O4wn1kM2tHxq5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"自从300年前翡翠传入我国，翡翠就毫不留情地替代了古来名贵的白玉，把中国玉文化推向了一个更高层次。翡翠以其色泽——艳丽多彩、光泽油亮，质地——坚韧、均匀、细腻，优良的物理性能、独特的玉文化内涵，成为最具观赏价值、收藏价值和文化艺术价值、利润最高的宝玉石之一，被誉为“玉石之王”，深受亚洲人，尤其是华人的青睐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOWQ6qAQUEmOISqH6xANh0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不仅如此，它还有“佩之益人生灵，纯避邪气”的作用。多年来，人们一直把翡翠当成护身符佩戴。在中国，女性佩戴翡翠戒指、手镯，男性以玉佩为主。人们把翡翠和祖母绿宝石一起列为5月份的诞生石，是运气和幸福的象征。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsYcuY8mKWqMKmajeOiPbpf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的物质组成","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK2A2E0gkgMq8IFZixmdyze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、翡翠的主要物质构成","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsocw0YCYKWOkorbH883RAe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠属辉石类，其主要组成物为硅酸铝钠，宝石矿中一般将含量超过50%以上的硅酸铝钠视为翡翠，出产于低温高压下生成的变质岩层中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8UWcwE8Yuee4KoTG0j2bUL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"传统上只把硬玉为主要矿物成分的集合体当作翡翠。近十年来，不断有以钠铬辉石、绿辉石和钠长石等为主要矿物成分的集合体出现，并以各种名称出现在翡翠市场上，其中钠铬辉石和绿辉石集合体与硬玉集合体具有相近的宝石特性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsKaq6WMaCWSQIXjss6zRsc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":303,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的物质组成","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b42b0a2ce822463f823170d8e36d86a5","width":895},"text":"","id":"doxcn8eAAC0ecS8IAkX0JDY0pPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、翡翠的主要矿物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI0gemCggmwWoeQ0AhcaLJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"含量大于95%的矿物成分，包括硬玉（最主要）、钠铬辉石和绿辉石。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncmigSWs62kO4NryFrbfzCI"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、硬玉","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuqUUEeeQKkAsuyxrBQYDMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬玉是组成翡翠的主要矿物成分，翡翠中90%~95%以上矿物成分都是硬玉。成分较纯的硬玉为无色；但含Cr、Fe、Ni等微量元素时，显示为绿色，这些微量元素的存在使翡翠颜色丰富多彩。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUiSUGiU0yaYwcTuEuz8yAd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":206,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的物质组成","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3e56feef14a1408596ff99fddb4dd8f4","width":599},"text":"","id":"doxcnuUCcIM2Qmg0eaYTKzKuZHf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":199,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的物质组成","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/417dcc9a261b496e8d7b7f824eaa0b71","width":602},"text":"","id":"doxcnKIAc8IeAwYQYa8eiQEonSd"}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8SaIg4GmM46cQvOKC3sGQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、钠铬辉石","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8SaIg4GmM46cQvOKC3sGQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钠铬辉石是欧阳秋眉（1983）在研究缅甸翡翠的过程中发现的，并作了系统的矿物学研究，从而改变了Deer等人认为它只是陨石成因的看法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSM2ASuMy6I0yWolIImzqlg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钠铬辉石普遍存在于翡翠中，并大量地存在于干青种或铁龙生等类型的翡翠中。特点是Cr致色，呈深绿色或孔雀绿色；不透明。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK8Ksam6IS64W0e9PYFOc6c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":577,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的物质组成","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/897d12fab84f43d9b8a1c87b516b6ed1","width":904},"text":"","id":"doxcnysWaeGCs22YimELqiVuAgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（铁龙生翡翠手镯）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQemaQiOAIeKQ8vX4IQ7Bkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、绿辉石","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngE4IKOWaYmqWCafYUhIOph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于绿辉石为Fe致色，绿色偏灰、偏暗。肉眼观察呈深绿色、蓝绿色，组成深绿色翡翠（墨玉）或形成翡翠中飘蓝花的部分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn46Y8yS6QOye0wObSBQTaob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠品种：油青种、蓝水种、飘蓝花翡翠、墨玉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2oeGQKwCugA4oPGUNrsaT0"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":284,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的物质组成","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f91c5aa103ed413a8187aba7585dd3b9","width":879},"text":"","id":"doxcnOcEI0yCkecGo4snW0XIYjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、翡翠的次要矿物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmGUwiCCMS80kA2ww3BUv5T"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠中不希望有的次要矿物（含量\u003c5%）有以下几种：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUkUQkGaG6imQ2FIoWN7kdg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、角闪石类矿物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEgwSUq28K2YaYPiAdrqRme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"角闪石类是翡翠形成的后期产物，属含水的硅酸盐矿物。可构成翡翠中暗绿色或黑色部分，常呈斑晶片状出现，硬度较硬玉要软，","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"行内称“癣”","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQEE82kEaKWSayOSDvXtb7e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":736,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的物质组成","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a2f6e962e2f841b6bfe1467d77c87fb8","width":990},"text":"","id":"doxcneQG8eOUigyuGotObPgIfne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（翡翠中的角闪石）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno4cOkgYIY0862bx6040Dxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、钠长石","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS0S0CUGuWk0IuGXDE9beaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钠长石在翡翠中仅少量出现，出现较多则为“水沫子”——钠长石玉，是与缅甸翡翠伴生（共生）的一种玉，水沫子本身与翡翠一样美丽，其品质优良、外观美好，具有很大的观赏价值和升值空间。颜色：无色、白色，较为透明，为蜡状到亚玻璃状光泽，内含物常出现圆点状、棒状、棉花状的白色絮状石花；在翡翠中比较少见这种类型的石花。密度为2.66g/cm'左右，比翡翠低，同体积的玉石比翡翠轻1/3。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAMMGMWqOcwsWKMKVrZCc3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钠长石不属于翡翠的成分，但经常与翡翠伴生，成为仿翡翠赌石的“杀手”之一。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqSEUey0Mu84aUHVrivtOlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1080,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的物质组成","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7081ac2ba5ac41d095d6e04201e28407","width":1919},"text":"","id":"doxcn2Ici20QQq4OGiwLQJcINMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（钠长石玉）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnceQqU4Ou2CG6u21AziGq6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、翡翠的副矿物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsgSY80ICgQuGaak4o57fik"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠中存在很少量的矿物，\u003c1%，主要有铬铁矿和磁铁矿。铬铁矿主要提供铬（Cr），可导致产生翠绿色；磁铁矿主要提供铁（Fe），可导致产生黑色、灰绿色。产出与铬铁矿关系密切，在铬铁矿周围可形成绿色反应边结构。少量副矿物出现，会使翡翠中产生黑点，俗称“苍蝇屎”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Y0S4couGaio8f13XGWrwg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":671,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的物质组成","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a165f276d7d84626bb66f5aa1b1a3cda","width":903},"text":"","id":"doxcncUOQWGO6cSwiQDGeP3BBAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（翡翠的副矿物）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngW0aAgGcE6qye4bDgy2kcf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"五、翡翠的次生矿物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEi64isqoSIw6wR8KrVTiAf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠在表生作用下，由于外来物质沿翡翠表面或裂隙向内部渗透浸染而产生的矿物，矿物比较细小，但可以改变翡翠的颜色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEOimIOEOWsm0OUyo2y37fc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、氧化铁质矿物：褐铁矿，导致翡翠产生红色或黄色翡色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkgciayCQcW4008VlclUUVh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":333,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的物质组成","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f15c758032634a91b7cbf27e4650e88a","width":919},"text":"","id":"doxcnekEGO602QqIoiqIf62lUsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、黏土矿物：绿泥石、蛇纹石、蒙脱石、伊利石。导致翡翠产生灰绿色、暗绿色的次生色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4YkSesiUwgaaQF3FvPTGth"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的颜色","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmMms4iwKSYgUOa4D9qof5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的颜色丰富多彩，也是翡翠的价值所在，以绿色为上品。翡翠的颜色大体上可分为5种：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnumUoIWIWewKObAqdOK08zH"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":253,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的颜色","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d494a5967c8a4c3181bc9bf4dada737c","width":1113},"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4QWeq40GUimIGhVe0nUEj"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":246,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的颜色","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4c15427ffbbb4c008d7ba10fb3a32954","width":1014},"text":"","id":"doxcnOUAO8SEIoMSA2NkEjAaVJf"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQACAgCWG0g8sYUVp7dzeYZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"翡翠的原生色","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"是指组成翡翠的原生矿物所产生的颜色，是翡翠主要的颜色类型，也是翡翠成为名贵宝玉石品种的最主要因素。翡翠原生色的色调很多，主要有白色、绿色、紫色、墨绿色和黑色等。根据目前研究的成果，翡翠的颜色与其组成矿物的种类及其化学成分有关。透明到半透明的翠绿色翡翠与含铬硬玉有关，浅绿色翡翠与含少量Cr的硬玉有关，不透明的绿色翡翠与铬硬玉有关，紫色翡翠与含Mn硬玉有关，部分灰绿色翡翠与含绿辉石有关，翡翠中的黑色则多与角闪石有关。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQACAgCWG0g8sYUVp7dzeYZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"翡翠的次生色","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"是指翡翠在地表或近地表经受表生地质作用，使翡翠的组成矿物分解或半分解，并在各种大小的裂隙、矿物晶粒之间的微裂隙中充填氧化物、胶体物质、黏土矿物等而形成的颜色。主要的色彩有褐黄色、褐红色、灰绿色和灰黑色等。翡翠的次生色可分成氧化次生色和还原次生色两种类型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsUMEK8w6Kw2QIxVeY8XTgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"氧化次生色主要成分是Fe的氧化物，形成的褐红色的翡翠，称为红翡，是充填在翡翠的裂隙及颗粒间隙中含有高价铁的化合物造成的。由于次生氧化作用是由外而内的，红翡分布在翡翠籽料的外层，由外皮向内形成红皮牛血雾一新鲜玉石的分带。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4UU4CcIAOM6QCG9aAcICxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的颜色丰富多彩，","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"正绿色为上品。其次为红色、蜜黄色、紫罗兰色等。优质的蓝色和油青色也深受人们的喜爱。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"每一类色彩又可细分为几种。色彩的微小差别都可极大地影响其价值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneS0sAGkUKoMEoH3HPOSztc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、翡翠常见颜色","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnms4C4gsSEeiMaaIPrj5ord"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、绿（翠）色","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnccmieIoiO2wGWwftppKcrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"绿（翠）色是翡翠的代表色，与宝石中祖母绿相媲美。翠色之美，是生命的含义，能给人最大的满足。绿色是生命和青春的象征，体现和平与安宁，同时代表钱财。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCmgsIKaI4g6wgdZcXpR6Sb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常见的绿色有宝石绿或祖母绿、苹果绿、秧苗绿或黄阳绿、葱芯绿、黄绿、蓝绿、豆青绿、菠菜绿、瓜皮绿、江水绿、蛤蟆绿、墨绿、灰绿等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4W6SU2EOOIgUiYZrzykTCb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":398,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的颜色","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6c1ab4bc900940729d4f04a914adbdd7","width":1191},"text":"","id":"doxcnMUqSy4AGgEEYWyCFua4THe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、油青色","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneIMMAkkc0k2Kw3Pb5YirMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"油青是底色偏灰，指颜色和底子。油青的种类很多，如蓝水、绿水、睛水和老油青。油是一种比较差的水光，体现在水头比较差的翡翠上，水头好的不显油性。油青色常和冰地相得益彰，这种手镯很受欢迎。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqS20icA8QWUkg1lHgSHLoh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":323,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的颜色","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/80866d3fcf6f44f1bee9eebe7c6c54c7","width":1392},"text":"","id":"doxcnIG8QUsu4yaqyuuVlU3LGfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、飘花","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniw0Y8W6o6w2IVK3omCGBnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"飘花是绿色、蓝绿色呈云片状分布于冰地或玻璃地翡翠中，是一个价格不菲的品种。一件做工得当的飘花翡翠，犹如中国水墨画。传统的飘花是指色蓝花，一只中档的纯正冰地飘蓝花手镯要10万元以上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkawAym2q8QEMkvPUwa9NH0"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":319,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的颜色","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/36bf0f8fcd49404fb3a424ecd4899966","width":894},"text":"","id":"doxcnOwmo2EamQcWyicEcwChrsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、红色","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq8WsCIkqWSSYqCIQx28zyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"红色象征着爱和热，代表福气、钱财。翡翠中红色常带褐色，正红者少。红色是翡翠的次生色，分布在裂隙及颗粒间隙中含有高价铁的化合物造成的。红色在饰品中起到画龙点睛的作用，与绿色在一起，其效果大有可观，价值不菲。在翡翠界中有“万翠易得，一翡难寻”的说法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnewgk0woASc4sEN2aAHvqsf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":347,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的颜色","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e896fd441d3d43dd90ed564e788a0d48","width":1019},"text":"","id":"doxcnwQgEqyw0Am4q67RVLEesXw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、黄色","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnggYYM68Q6KQUAVjbK0VHFs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"黄色象征着光辉灿烂，代表着权力和富贵。翡翠中黄色多为偏褐的黄色，如果与少许绿色相搭配，再施予巧雕，能得到意想不到的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4qesyYacYOgEftqWsevSdE"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":435,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的颜色","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/t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"text":"棉是翡翠内部呈半透明、微透明的白色包裹体（絮状物），为雾状、点状、片状，对光线产生阻碍，影响翡翠的通透度和美观度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEcmOw0aq2406GwPbbZMVmf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":720,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的瑕疵类型","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/07c30ffa771643349462d1742abd3d17","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcnco6GQowQcwQkoPXPn5E9Rc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、杂色的色斑和色带","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEGYc0wy62eIiQdgpOeuKLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是指除绿色以外的色斑和色带，也称脏色，如黄褐色、黑灰色，底色、俏色、多色组合不能看作脏色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnimQQwKi02ccGEFOkmjQO4j"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的瑕疵类型","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d99446d875134969a329b8b4d56e751f","width":760},"text":"","id":"doxcnwQQMaUwueGqUYnYB9LwSPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、黑点、黑丝和黑块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEU8yKWOusGaMjpmlrV1xg7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"黑点、黑丝和黑块是翡翠中呈点状、斑状、丝状和带状的黑色部分。黑点是铬铁矿被硬玉交代后的残余；黑丝和黑带是碱性角闪石和辉石造成的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnak8s2M4iwym4OMohcvf4uc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":768,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的瑕疵类型","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d7f265d42ebb4017a6aeafbc17e83413","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnQEKEcciaCUKK6CzFMqpMNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"五、裂、纹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuiGQGAAAOa4Gk9q02qdhSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"裂、纹指翡翠原生或开采、加工过程中产生的裂隙。已愈合裂隙，也称“石纹”，对外观会产生不同程度的影响。未愈合的裂隙称裂纹，对翡翠品质的影响较大。翡翠的裂纹往往呈面状、线状出现在翡翠中，在对光观察时比较容易看到，但有时手镯里的石纹、色线也容易被看成裂，购买者需要在实践中比较区分，在选购的时候也容易判断错误。而种越好的翡翠，内部越清楚，绺裂等现象也越明显。因此，手镯的裂在选购时虽然需要重视，但不要过于强调。断绺是手镯当中最忌讳的问题。断绺问题严重的手镯，敲击的声音也不清脆。而且在佩戴过程中，容易有断掉的现象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmyg8cmqikoIO8NKXQwBl1d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":542,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的瑕疵类型","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d44fb0779af24ab2b2e7ee60e8dfe6d6","width":760},"text":"","id":"doxcnSAuWc0KeM4MWgRGuDgBMoh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的种","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWEuyk846cy6IABzVKdFuJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的种是对翡翠的综合性概括或划分，描述了翡翠内部矿物颗粒大小以及矿物颗粒之间结合的紧密程度的关系，也可以说是指翡翠的内部结构和构造。它综合翡翠质地、水头和颜色，是评价翡翠品质的重要标志。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4mysAoMQ6AOSkTzrsiR0w"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":313,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的种","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cf1259e5efd54105bb1f2e0eb7f61f09","width":1122},"text":"","id":"doxcnaO6wESskI20Uu2OkQnUTac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的种根据侧重点不同，有的强调颜色，有的强调质地。在翡翠圈里，有“外行看色，内行看种，高档货重在看种”。衡量一块翡翠的价值最重要的是“一种、二色、三工艺”。种差一分，价差十倍。翡翠的种主要有：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqmQoQCeKSG0qELjwsrii7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、玻璃种","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK8awCYoyWMM6k5Xi8jNyBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"玻璃种是指像玻璃一样透明的翡翠，结构细腻致密，纯净透明，杂质少。有白玻璃种和带色玻璃种，如老坑玻璃种的颜色均匀，是翡翠中的极品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOmOISSMWakEC6nQ7CtZBbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"白玻璃种有时真像玻璃，通透度极好，荧光足。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWoQsEqQga8GaMn9e2kZeVe"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":513,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的种","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2ecbb7af72e3475b96e8b8138544850f","width":1166},"text":"","id":"doxcnu2gssGscei4Iq2j5JiOvaf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":454,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的种","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/33c87251a9ed4985a0539e051ca62018","width":1184},"text":"","id":"doxcn22Ko4OmeQEk8MnbqJdfJEc"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyacAsYiUoMksyi6R3NO4Ae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、冰种","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyacAsYiUoMksyi6R3NO4Ae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可见内部交织纤维结构，微晶部分肉眼不可分辨，透明度好，棉质与结构清晰分明，细腻均匀，犹如冰块。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKeaaGoACK8EacrsBvF6Pxc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":451,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的种","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0cf7a5ddc2ea46bcaa79c3015084b056","width":1173},"text":"","id":"doxcnK8YemaCIq4GWgPLBPDmNVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、芙蓉种","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsM4KuOa6yeQ4wp1mbD57wb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"呈清淡绿色，玉质细腻均匀，水头好，有时呈淡淡的粉色，属中高档品种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQemYKa000uY0cH2EXJrlIe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":509,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的种","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj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一律。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW4ySU62SCQo8QPoQUuaNae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虽然染色翡翠多是单一色，但并不是说多色者就不会是染的，尤其手镯更有可能被染成绿色、紫色及红色的三色手镯即所谓的福、禄、寿镯。用强力褪字灵擦洗，表面颜色能够去掉或变为褐色。外观颜色暗、沉闷且偏蓝，因是由蓝色素污着染色。颜色仅存在表层，看起来浮浮的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw8EaMmAskgMOy45p0Oiu71"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"D货","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn82AwK4KAsoQQCiVCNTS0Je"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"D货严格来说不是翡翠，它是由类似于翡翠的其他石料或人工合成似翡翠的玻璃料制成。常见的类似翡翠石料有八三玉，是产于缅甸北部的长石和硬玉混生岩石，质地并不好，但经灌胶充填裂隙后，因酷似翡翠的形象而赢得市场，市场上的大量手镯是用八三玉制成的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCiCmkumu4OaSIHGuNV7rUh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"还有一些挂件也用八三玉制成，它半透明，干净的紫色、淡绿色非常美丽，与中档翡翠手镯的成色极为相似，但价格是中档翡翠的几分之一或几十分之一，这种D货翡翠只有装饰价值，没有收藏价值。八三玉没有浓艳绿色，市场上出现的浓艳色八三玉是人工染色制成的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnee0AGsWocSGUy4UrYygxPc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":504,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"D货","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8bf5d92b8251449682d322d6f398ef62","width":716},"text":"","id":"doxcnW4Kk0AuyIS4QQBgNCLTovb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncayWE8Sqko6UsBtBCROP9g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":631,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"D货","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dab130bec47b429fab2d939961de43db","width":744},"text":"","id":"doxcnQcQiu6KiWIOeCWM8zAW88b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2IAYgcSUGemaicfdeyxByh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的估价","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns2AKuUWqkAqkQz2A2KihNh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠质量的综合评价","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSGiC2OOE8eUG2jtYBelmeg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"消费者在购买翡翠饰品，尤其是购买贵重的翡翠饰品前，有两大问题必须引起高度重视：第一，辨别真假，防止以假充真，以免吃亏上当。第二，应大体上能观察、衡量出欲购买饰品的质量档次，品级高低，价值如何。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYeWsGcga8mUkI5qOTdD4Qg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当我们面对一件翡翠饰品时，通常可以从翡翠的颜色（色）、结构与构造（种）、透明度（水）、底（地张）、工艺（工）、完美度和重量大小七个方面，来综合衡量质量优劣及品级高低，从而大致估出其价值范围。这七个指标可称为衡量翡翠饰品价值的七个要素。七个要素的综合即为评估翡翠质量的综合标准。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4aQasm6e8qsKaGJlgUtdac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、颜色","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns8eOQkau6KWokFHHMWUcVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简称“色”，是影响翡翠质量分级和商品价值最直观、最重要的因素。评价翡翠颜色的价值有五个要素，即色调、明度、饱和度、色比和色形，前三个要素在色彩学中被称为“颜色三要素”，后两个要素是考虑到翡翠价值评价的复杂必需性而增加的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwMSoI6YKi0ewkhOAaBWu3p"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":478,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠质量的综合评价","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/38020c17c395480eb15ad11b4067531f","width":601},"text":"","id":"doxcnomCm0QkaIwCsgo4ULy8q9r"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）色调：即颜色的种类，是色彩间相互区分的特征。在翡翠饰品中红为翡，绿为翠，紫为“䄝”。以翠贵，“䄝”次之，翡再次之，其他颜色的价值排列于这三类颜色之后。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4MKIE6sqk8KAgn94ZPZRng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）明度：指级色的明亮程度，也称“亮度”。颜色明度高为色阳（色亮），质量佳，颜色明度低为色阴（色暗），质量低。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK8w80WUau6WcDEIX4qXDO8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）饱和度：指颜色的鲜艳程度，颜色的饱和度高为色浓（色深）、饱和度低为色淡（色浅）。饱和度必须适中，才有良好的视觉感受。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnosIKskiomIY2OKKDZ2EO0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（4）色比：指在一件翡翠饰品中，有颜色部分的面积（或体积）与总面积（或总体积）的比值。色比值用百分数表示，有色部分越多，色比值越大，价值也越高。如果一件翡翠饰品中有几种颜色，则可估算出每种颜色的色比值，据此结合各相关因素作出评价。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqiumseiMOIIUUNYY8lXHhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（5）色形：即颜色在翡翠饰品中的形状，如丝状、条状、波纹状等。在翡翠玉件中，颜色的形状可谓千姿百态、美不胜收。好的底上有好的色调同时具有好的色形，会产生强烈的神秘感和巨大的艺术魅力，使翡翠的价值陡然上升，这种情况在玉雕摆件等饰品中并不少见。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUQGAuY6kyec4ai1xv6k4tc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、结构与构造","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2OyuQs2cOa8U4SMq6LOWPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"结构与构造在传统的翡翠界简称“种”，种包含了两个既相互独立又相互影响的含义。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0UaOimAAMeU8Os17aBVtwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）矿物集合体的结构：翡翠晶粒的大小、形态特征和相互关系，以及翡翠矿物的内部解理等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCqYiescAASuS0kwg7ZJvSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）矿物集合体的构造：翡翠晶体的形状，组合方式，疏密程度、微裂隙及石纹等。通常，翡翠的“种“好，则结构均匀细腻，粒度细，其组织构造变化小，抛光后其表面光滑程度佳、整块玉件透明度高，如老坑玻璃种翡翠。反之，翡翠的“种”差，则结构不均匀，粒度粗，其组织构造变化大，表面抛光性差，玉件的透明度降低，如马牙种、豆种翡翠等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyy2GumickiQksVFQ86MgUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、透明度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8ucE0smIku6EFMHNNmEbeq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"俗称“水”或“水头”。透明度的优劣，反映了一件翡翠饰品是否品莹、清澈、通透和润泽。透明度与翡翠的“种”、“色”及表面抛光程度有关。在“种”和抛光程度相同的情况下，颜色淡，则透明度高；颜色浓，则透明度降低。翡翠的透明度越好，其价值越高。在翡翠商业界，透明度是以阳光或手电简的光线在玉料中能穿透的深度来衡量的，如“二分水”指阳光在玉料中能透入的深度是二分，约为6mm。在实践中，珠宝科技工作者将翡翠的透明度划为透明、亚透明、半透明、微透明和不透明五类，每类都对应着一些典型的翡翠品种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWGI0CGgEaEwWKSJy2VPKfb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":510,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠质量的综合评价","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f0722d09cd3a437c98f38492b013b4b9","width":636},"text":"","id":"doxcnm4Gw2Ik8gcqMK49dgOMO4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、底","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmI08qeyooYcWI1SciUh8Be"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"俗称“地张”或“底子”。对于未接触过翡翠的人来说，底的概念也比较抽象，对“底”的传统解释是：在翡翠中除色以外的部分，底犹如一张纸，色就如同纸上作的画，色与底协调，方为上品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuyGEE2K2QEE8Ka1hKD2w5b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":567,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠质量的综合评价","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a169beb52d454ff1aec6e0b2a4352dc3","width":695},"text":"","id":"doxcn4WwsSCQIi0OigDVorfLPSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、工艺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEUkog4OoOMKUa636yN7hgc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简称“工”，包括翡翠饰品的设计构思、制作与雕刻工艺。显然，具有创意、经典高雅、做工精良的饰品方为上品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnasooY86syuqyiIaZUiCpIb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":447,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠质量的综合评价","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/27d4b171216048f89934630d4327b599","width":638},"text":"","id":"doxcnGyS0CW8QaMuK6b33bU4xcH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"6、完美度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYwciiecEEEsuG8yAVz1mhe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主要指翡翠玉件的纯净程度和完好程度，如无杂质、无瑕疵、无绺裂、无缺陷，不含黑点、石花等。对于有关联要求的饰品，完美度还包括成双、对称、配套的满意程度，如耳钉、耳环就有成双、对称的要求，龙风玉牌就有配套、完整的问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2WQI8c2geyCiO0xPV4rJVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"7、重量大小","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2mck0oAywicgiEuVITvtJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于两块在色、种、水、底等方面相同或相近的翡翠，当然是重量大的价值高于重量轻的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyI8Iy6E20KaWSAUGRiRNyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在以上各项指标中，色、种、水、工四项指标最重要，种、水决定着一块玉件是否有“灵气”，色则常常决定了玉件是否高贵，工则通过饰品所选择的题材、造型及制作水平，反映了设计者的思维和制作者的工艺。选择了某种题材和制作水平的饰品，也就展示了佩戴者在生活中的某种意识、愿望、审美情趣及价值观念等思维活动，因此“工”有着不能忽视的重要地位。只有既具备好的颜色，又具有“灵气”，同时有着好的表现内容和制作水平，才能显出翡翠饰品的高贵、典雅和隽永的内涵。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmgy24oi44ok4y65ZHrLQcd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于少数特殊的翡翠制品评价，除考虑上述七个要素外，还须考虑其特有的政治、人文背景及历史文物价值等因素。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQCq6k2oSMKQQ2hCiceKq1e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠绿色的分级评估","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnomi4Ww8cgoWE8ZceLHkYqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠品质的好坏，绿色是重要条件之一，但因绿色十分丰富，变化多端，而且翡翠几乎包括了自然界所有给分级带来了许多困难。但只要利用好色彩学的原理，抓住绿色调，翡翠的分级就会迎刃而解。同时，为了正确地给翡翠估价，在掌握绿色程度的同时，还需要对色力、种份同时掌握。因为翡翠的商业价值主要体现在绿色上，评估时必须对绿色、色力、种份综合考虑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYoMMeC0uqSGqYDCvP8Azug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、绿的程度分四个等级","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsiOEsIueKg0KmODAv7Q9gd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"（1）超高级：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"均匀纯正绿色。绿色纯正、均匀，色与底融为一体，不浓不淡，绿色具有艳、润、亮、丽的特点。因其产量非常稀少，故价值极高。如祖母绿、翠绿、苹果绿、黄秧绿等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYEKcYyIIgosKy6tQTx5uMh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"（2）高级：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"根据正绿色的均匀程度，可以再细分为两个档次。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUo6cs4YiUGU0UflOpzB5Mg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一档：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"较均匀正绿色。整体绿色深浅适中、均匀，但在整体绿色中，可见少量较浓的绿色条带、斑块、斑点等。总体绿色具有艳、润、亮、丽的特点。其产量比较稀少。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGSiwauasYKy4OOU6ccSCSh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":637,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠绿色的分级评估","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/874a035e217e4092aa7341d870710581","width":840},"text":"","id":"doxcng8iuIYIUSGK82jpEhQkDyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二档：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"不均匀正绿色。绿色不均匀，其内绿色浓淡分布，整体绿色浓淡适中，绿色具有艳、润、亮的特点。其产量比一档绿色的略多。白色或其他颜色的翡翠上，分布有散点状、条带状、斑块状或斑点状正绿的，评价时可视绿色的多少、大小、厚薄或绿色所占饰品体积百分比来决定升降等级。主要应依据绿色部分能否做标准戒面及其他饰品来作为评价的基本原则。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK0KQUI68Kk22OyAnma34ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以上所述两级的高翠，其光谱、波长为530nm~510nm。通过反复观看熟悉后，肉眼也可较准确判断此光谱波长之内的翠绿色彩。若绿色稍浅淡或较浓时，可根据其他评价条件确定等级。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU4sECIQeGOaaagvf4x1bhg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"（3）中级：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"凡高翠呈色绿中偏蓝者属于这个这个级别，根据偏蓝程度的不同，又可分为两个档次。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ8yGwe2gsO2AKMgaQlYoSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一档：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"微偏蓝绿色（光谱波长在510nm~490nm之间）。包括浅淡正绿色、浓深正绿色、鲜艳红色、紫罗兰色、艳黄色。这些品种翡翠的颜色均匀，不浓不淡，具有润、亮、丽的特点。如果颜色不均匀，整体微偏蓝绿色、红色、紫罗兰色、艳黄色，可见色调深浅者，可根据等级评价的标准降低其级别。若微偏蓝绿色浅淡或较浓时，同样应降等级。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngikCegCKGAYwBsBf3ZUPHN"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"若白色或其他颜色的翡翠上，分布有散点状、条带状、斑块斑点状微偏蓝绿色的，评价时可视微偏蓝绿色的多少、大小、厚薄或微偏蓝绿色所占饰品体积百分比来升降等级。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCm0wq80iOeoKskGecBHNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"若翡翠饰品上含正绿色调在内的四种以上色彩者，尤其是五种色彩的玉十分珍贵，评价时视绿色在四彩、五彩玉石中的多少来升降级别。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0iQuEGGssKMe0pxOLuxlpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二档：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"蓝绿色（光谱波长在490nm~470nm之间）。包括淡红色、淡黄绿色、淡紫罗兰色、淡黄色、纯透白色、见绿油膏、纯透黑色翡翠等。色调均匀、不浓不淡，具有润、亮的特点。若色调分布不均匀、浓淡明显者，可根据等级评价条件降低其级别。若蓝绿色浅淡或较浓时，同样应降等级。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6eoGcwwI4Qc4SqxVd42aih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"若白色或其他颜色的翡翠上，分布散点状、条带状、斑块斑点状蓝绿色的，可视蓝绿色的大小、多少、厚薄或蓝绿色所占饰品体积的百分比来升降等级。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4eaSgqw2qIYSmceXkVAHMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"（4）一般级：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"蓝、灰蓝色（光谱波长在470nm以下）。包括暗蓝色、油青等。色调均匀纯净，具有润的特点。这个级别的绿中显黑，绿中夹过多蓝色，绿中显灰。部分油青如属绿辉石玉，不属翡翠定级范畴。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI2Ye4iWmq0eYaUNjIX7Knd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、色力分四个等级","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnws0OYYAg0UioqIZkid657e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）高级：摆下看、悬空看都浓艳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWigIu6yG84i2YNpniOOPDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）中级：摆下看浓艳，悬空看浅淡。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnggSSkmA4y60c23udwqOW2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）一般级：摆下看不太浅淡，悬空看浅淡。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6Qo8ysoeEuECIJnyY9ttdd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（4）低级：摆下看浅淡，悬空看更淡。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKAyEkk42cIGGIhJ4nRWeeb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、种份分四个等级","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAM2oAaigYU0KeipEZ5ApFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）高级：半透明以上，质地细、硬度高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngmoySUkSOoAmgPXClYeHCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）中级：半透明质地坚实。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4wSQ6umQum6yMLkvFudQ1G"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）一般级：接近半透明，质地一般，略有夹棉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIe2WKaoqcYOc2zhIxNz8Me"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（4）低级：微透明，质地差，夹棉多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY6wgmmk6i66AJlofbj21k2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果将翡翠成品分为档次，根据货币数量应分为以10万元为单位的超高档、万元以上的高档、以千元为单位的中档、以百元为单位的一般档、以十元为单位的低档，一共五个档次。虽","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"然市场情况变化很大，但其大体估价相差不大。下面简单罗列粗线条的投档方式：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng6icYiuigQ4e25RqPsRsHe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":503,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠绿色的分级评估","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/21ecbfebb96946e39d0f3e069ddeb93f","width":670},"text":"","id":"doxcnKA6uUg4k4KgIUjpD4eCnnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（高绿蛋彩光身戒面）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI6k6gaWeIsm80q5bxkJINh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":716,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠绿色的分级评估","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bd3834e09514442cbb25fbff5ad0fd50","width":582},"text":"","id":"doxcnaMeKCW4uY8OssbKbJvpE0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（中高级色力的观音玉饰）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaKEiuIMgeycQSgeVA94LAe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）超高档：色的纯正超高级，色力高级，种份高级。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuMeMSiYYoOSeqcVfo8jzih"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":554,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠绿色的分级评估","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/16f9aa57ae5349218201776c152ee3f9","width":672},"text":"","id":"doxcnGWiEy08SgAAeqvXvEGd1MK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（红翡绿翠玉镯：超高级）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2kIcQgI8aS8KesyehwEFud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）高档：三个方面都是高级或两个方面高级（含超高级），一方面中级。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsWQYs026gsGCqLM0DOWIZl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）中档：一方面高级，两方面中级，或三个方面中级，或两方面高级，一方面一般。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaCIcMQqKsMqwmaklfAc5zc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（4）一般档：两方面中级，一方面一般，或一方面中级、两方面一般。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSS6KcKm0y48uQSG7HsymXC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（5）低档：一方面中级，两方面一般，或三方面都一般。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuAeuysO2kcmMsjq2sOQM2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"种色均好的玉料不多，制作者多将其用于戒面。种好色次的玉料不少，多是手镯的取材范围。所以选择手镯，只要种好、底洁净，三色、五色、绿丝、绿片、蓝花都算好货色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEAAIMIcMkKgma7fTnOxe0T"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一个老山玉，皮壳之下到处显绿，应注意其真假，因为这样显绿的老山玉是极其稀少的。一件玉器通体显绿，呈现均匀的地毯式的绿色，也应该注意其真假，因为玉之真色是自然之色，不可能这样均匀刻板、毫无瑕疵，成语“白璧微瑕”就是这个意思。人工补充绿色，玉件似乎有了自然感，但由于化学药品、电压影响，透明度虽好，质地总会有变异。如果是成品","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"从补色面的背面悬空望去，补色部分的绿色有空泛发泡不正之感，与真玉之自然绿色不同。因为真色的范围是逐步扩散的。认准玉石绿色之真，才能否定人工假色之伪。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYwQuKSe64usECSlykt4Dce"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翡翠的收藏与投资","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqsSusOGEc4q46M2PSnHXph"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"收藏、投资翡翠的步骤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4auYYUCiqsQskzI745u2Yd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"投资的第一步是学习。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"要学习有关珠宝的知识特别是翡翠知识，从书本中学习，积极参与各种有关翡翠的讲座、研习班、珠宝展览会，学术交流会等各项有关珠宝的活动，多和宝玉石专家、学者、收藏家、业者、消费者等接触，学习培养自身对翡翠玉石的知识，并积累经验，奠定坚实的基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu4QsW2EAyc8iUP4Bi1cSlc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"投资的第二步是收藏。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"翡翠等宝玉石的研究与投资，并非一朝一夕可成。对翡翠玉石的认知不足而急于投入，风险就会很大。最好的方法是在投入翡翠玉石行业前，先当一位快乐的收藏家。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnycQ6qAW8quwcKONWBCCcEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在收藏时一定要记住以下儿点：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCSeC0QmqCKGU1HXeFbLGtF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①进货成本不宜过高。一般来说从店面实价买货就会成本过高，最好能到珠宝玉石的批发市场或源头进货。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqS8CaCO40mWGk10gvEs4dc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②买精不买多。收藏各类翡翠玉石的精品。宁买高价位的精品货，不买低价位的垃圾货。因为大路货做收藏投资回报率低，而在国际国内市场上，高品质的翡翠玉石涨价最为明显，所以收藏一定要以各种翡翠玉石的精品为主。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAwMKOYyQICEU4LcZNH9MMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"投资的第三步是市场开发。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"尽量多去认识一些人，如宝玉石专家学者、收藏家、业者、消费者等，让你周围的人知道你在研究及收藏翡翠玉石，让他们成为你的朋友，因为这些人极有可能是以后的供货源头或固定客户。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE4YK2we8EA02u6wHHMpOGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"投资的第四步是诚信经营。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"当万事俱备，就到了你该上柜台从事营销的时候了。此时的你早已是行家，应当得心应手了。珠宝玉石这一行不同的人所处环境和条件不同、所学程度不同、营运方法不同，但最基本的一条是务必要诚信为本。因为宝玉石经营消费群体相对较小，从业人员较少，一旦欺诈被揭穿就会在业内诚信全无，很难立足，再想投资经营就不易起步翻身。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEYOEOK44oQmIcZTGk04Voc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"收藏、投资翡翠的步骤很多，但以上四步是最基本的功底，需要各类玩家努力打牢基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA0mS4oEeewKwy6XwJ8IaMe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"收藏、投资翡翠的类型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqk4osQye6QeAYTv8wuNlkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"许多玩家初入门时，往往面对翡翠缤纷杂乱的交易市场显得无从下手，茫然失措。其实，揭开这个行当神秘的面纱，由简到繁，从小到大，由低到高，先成品后原石，应该是无数人走过的成功之路，值得初入门者借鉴。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncgeQcIwICUE8AhT6B8ApYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、首饰类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkAugkYIkESE68z9mu1IMVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首饰类翡翠爱好者众多，初入门者可作为收藏投资的首选。因为首饰类玉器易于保藏，容易出手，回报率高，同时件小质优，没有赌性，风险最小，初具翡翠鉴赏常识和经验的人即可涉猎，又因为价格灵活，投资者可在数千元、数万元、数十万元至上百万元之间，根据自己经济实力自主选择，适合各种类型的投资者入门。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6KqoYGiaGkAIutB5cINtgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首饰类包括翡翠戒指、手镯、耳环、项链、胸花、各种挂件与花件。1985年有人在云南德宏州买一对高档翠绿翡翠手镯，大约要0.6万元～0.8万元；而在1995年香港拍卖会上同品质的手镯，最后成交价高达1200万港币。1997年11月，一条由28粒优质翠绿翡翠串成的珠链，在香港的拍卖价为7262万港币。据说这条精美翠链的原主人数年前购入时仅花数百万元。由此可见，投资高档翡翠首饰确实存在巨大的升值空间。但因投资失误导致血本无归的事例也不少。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncSc4eiAGsUAgkDSwh31Lzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、雕件类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc0QsaiwOuCQauyZiBV89Xc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"收藏投资此类翡翠雕件，同样具有风险性。雕件类翡翠有单色和多色（俏色、巧色）两大类，因玉料件大（与首饰类相比）、设计巧妙、做工精细、造型灵巧、寓意吉祥而广受欢迎，成为投资收藏者青睐的重点。但精美的雕件类翡翠相对投入较大，周转时间也长一些。收藏投资者不光要有独到的眼光，更要具备耐心和毅力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuY6IECgk4EimAxtMY37gtf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":691,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"收藏、投资翡翠的类型","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e836a721492043bdba4c9242f1eaf25d","width":840},"text":"","id":"doxcniq2yQ6CuqYMAEPi4yckx4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、原石类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoUqGIi08o4g4Mh6u4aiKKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选购翡翠原石又称“赌石”，这是一项充满神奇和刺激的商贸交易活动。它是收藏投资者具备丰富的知识、经验、人脉、资金、勇气之后，才能涉猎的高级投资行为。它所以称为“赌石”，是因为有赌的成分在内。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncUSYSOGOsYoSEd65ydxRGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一块貌不惊人的翡翠原石往往要投入数十万或数百万元才能购得，这块“赌石”如果是优质满绿，购买者可能会一夜之间变成腰缠万贯的富翁；如果是一块劣质翡翠，眨眼间就会变成穷困潦倒的贫汉。因此，投资翡翠原石必须要有丰富的实践经验、深厚的宝玉石鉴赏知识和雄厚的经济实力。但是，有些人往往被暴富的光环所迷惑，他们靠东借西贷去“赌石”，其结果是胜者极少，败者如群蛾扑灯，蹈火者众，留下无数沉痛的教训。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng40uUYEoykMeUJrFbQkuoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"总之，投资翡翠时要谨慎理性，循序渐进。投资之前一定要博采众议，剑胆琴心，三思而后行，决不能有一下子抱个金娃娃的非分之想。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyEaC62uWueY2UlMSH3l5cg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"收藏、投资翡翠的注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsY0QAA2GS0oE8LXjQDkoed"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、购买翡翠应具备的常识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKwcKm88EqQo4WAFPP1G86e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第一，不要轻信售玉人的花言巧语。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"有些玉商为了掩饰其文化水平低下或基础知识匮乏，往往摆出一副内行的架势，比如对翡翠成因、产地、性质、个别染色皮的判别等侃侃而谈。由于一些玉器知识、指标目前国际上尚无成熟的标准，他们敢在顾客面前说教，首先能占领心理优势，然后以“不挣钱”为诱饵，从而实现其获取高额利润的目的。顾客要有自信心，不要被玉商唬住。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8UKqsO8uEIMGoHJvgCTq7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第二，不要购买没有经过鉴定的翡翠。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"各地质检部门强制标准明文规定，所有作为商品销售的翡翠饰品，均需配有法定鉴定机构出具的鉴定证书或小牌等检测标识。在检测机构受理的被骗案例中，90%以上都没有相应的鉴定材料。因此购买翡翠时，要看一看该翡翠是否经过法定检测机构鉴定，是否出具了相应的鉴定证书或小牌，不要听信忽悠，以免上当受骗。或者可在购买翡翠之前与玉店老板协商，征得同意后，先将翡翠饰品送到法定检测机构鉴定，尔后再做交易。购买翡翠时，如果对翡翠饰品鉴定证书有不清楚之处，可拨打证书下方电话咨询，以确定真伪。但一些地方的个别检测机构不负责任，玉商出钱就出证书。所以除信鉴定证书外，还要到正规商家处买货，以加大保险系数。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniyGS2Qe2yiQ0I7pzkbk7yg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":704,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"收藏、投资翡翠的注意事项","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ead498ced88b416ca1ff28b383fcd4f6","width":569},"text":"","id":"doxcnCCcmc4SQacmmcP0D1bt6be"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第三，购买翡翠时向老板索要正规发票。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如无发票，可索要售玉人收款的收据，注意请其加盖印章或老板签名。这样如有争议，可以作为“讨回公道”的有利证据。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEUqQsAA40cuuiSyNf3iwHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第四，要买的翡翠一定要事先看仔细。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"看不清楚可拿到店门外的阳光下反复看，或用10倍放大镜仔细看。玉器的一些毛病、不足常会被商人用各种方法加以掩饰。这些毛病（如残缺、修复、黏合、绺裂等）在店内的白炽灯、日光灯下不一定能看清楚。粗心大意，交了钱才发现就会出现麻烦，甚至要吃大亏，那就后悔莫及。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8SWOGG88gcq8IkLbK2LicQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第五，尽量少在旅游景点或流动摊点上购买翡翠。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在旅游景点或流动摊点上购买玉器，一是容易买假货，而且不易挽回损失，二是要多花不少冤枉钱。一些旅游景点上的商店给导游回扣，这部分钱当然是羊毛出在羊身上。据说一些旅游商店和旅行社的导游联手，事先掌握来团的籍贯，商店老板就会冒充同乡忽悠游客，使人沉醉于乡情而不知不觉上当。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW2wkw6aycIIQURb58PV5dc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、购买翡翠应具备的技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOcesII6w8soOgvORb5L5pb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般玉器交易，既无明码标价，又无统一价格。多数玉商对内行人客气，对外行人则漫天要价。不知就里者常多掏冤枉钱，或掏大钱买假货。因此，从事玉器交易，必须掌握一些基本技巧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6IQ2M2GI6uw2e0ymS1KS9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第一，看中某件东西不要急于买下，要沉得住气。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"可以随意先问其他货品的价位，使卖家误认为你对要买的货无兴趣。然后突然顺口问到相中货的货价，使玉商猝不及防，仓促间报出较实的价位。顾客就能以实价买到理想的玉件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOiAmCgGqcUuMoJNadP3wGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第二，看到好的东西要稳住情绪，不动声色。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"喜欢的东西一定不能当面说喜欢，应该反复查看玉器，尽量装作找毛病（不足）。甚至要挑出毛病（不足），把它贬低一通，否则价钱难以压下去。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK2aSqeWECoyMOISERXGMeb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第三，学会讨价还价，设法把价钱压到最低。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"玉器店、旅游区、地摊上的报价都有较大甚至很大的水分，若还价高了就很被动。有人戏称“对半带拐弯”还价，即卖家报1000元，还到400元～500元成交，即比较理想。但有些地方的玉商喊价可以高出成交价五倍、十倍甚至更高。所以还价必须事先了解行情，讲究技巧，不能机械套用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna2iwwK8euAycoxUXrONNbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第四，不要不懂装懂，乱吹一气，也不要盲目问些幼稚的话。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"这样商家一听即知道是外行，很容易把买玉人当做“菜牛”宰客。有时真不懂，反而不说或少说更好。要入翡翠这一行，应勤学好问，多看少买，了解掌握一些翡翠的基本常识。这样在寻玉、鉴玉的过程中，不知不觉中流露出自己并非很外行，商家便不敢胡乱吹嘘、漫天要价了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA8cu0cyMqciCecCEx9cPah"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":674,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"收藏、投资翡翠的注意事项","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ce47416c9b4441049bc02bbb0fdd224b","width":673},"text":"","id":"doxcnkgWSw8CUiKISq6fXhcC8Ce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、购买翡翠应注意的事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn80yWIWUySuUgAjEeqMMSTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一，不要一味参照书本上或文物店的玉器图形，与自己在市场上见到的玉器对号入座，难免错将仿品当真品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEw2I0ikMmKa48HJZxin6qe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二，不要买东西认贱不认贵。不知在玉器收藏中精品最具收藏价值和升值潜力，以致买回一大堆玉器垃圾而浑然不知，还陶然自乐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAo8ogeCUeOue6mbjE66tSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三，不要稍通一点玉器知识即自以为是，趾高气扬地到玉器地摊、市场去捡漏子。狡猾的玉商最欢迎这种人，常常顺其口风溜须拍马，使收藏者掏了高价，买了假货和劣品还自以为是。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniUSYkusMaqU0iQhunvmhrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第四，不要盲目相信玉品上的款识和铭文，而不知在玉器、古玩、字画上落假款乃是作伪者最常用的伎俩。常见到有人在亲朋好友面前炫耀某大师的作品。殊不知一个玉石雕刻大师一年四季不休息，能亲手做出几件精品?这些玉器多为大师的徒弟或徒孙们的手艺，甚至根本就是高仿冒充大师的作品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGekcC2gqasSUoT7Vpp0lde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第五，不要片面理解拍卖图录，不知图录上的标价有伸缩性，玉器美观程度与实物也有差异。图录上的玉器多经过摄影师或后期制作美润，使其更加漂亮。按图索骥到市场找玉器，对照标价掏钱买玉器，其结果可想而知。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYOSWYsmCCQCOLkTQIvBtAV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第六，不要错以为农民家藏的旧玉都绝对可靠，而不知道有些貌似忠厚的农民实则以贩假为生，拿有瑕疵的翡翠玉料染色作皮冒充原石A货，甚至冒充明、清、民国的旧玉以售其奸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSyAIMgMwKQaMYPIxsrgyxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以上这些，可以给收藏、投资翡翠者提供借鉴，吸取他人的教训，少走或不走弯路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmmAQgoYgU08yqUzHyA9nUh"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

10. 徐工lw180fv装载机

家里要购买洗衣机的话，就要注意做好保养工作，避免洗衣机出现故障，影响了使用。洗衣机在使用中出现故障要及时查找原因并进行维修。市面上常见的洗衣机（海尔，美的等品牌）。

洗衣机零件介绍

电机和电容

电机是发动力，可驱动渡轮完成衣服的洗涤和脱水。电容一般洗衣机是用单项电容起动式，主要作用是增大电动机的启动力矩。

程序控制器

简称程控器，是控制洗衣机系统的中心部件，整个洗衣机的操作都是由程控器来支配的，它的结构较为复杂，有机械式(电机式)和电脑式(电子式)之分。

水位开关

为控制水量，还设计水位开关。水位开关一般有3-4档，使用时可按衣服量选择水位，当达到指定水位时，水位开关会将电磁进水阀的电路切断，从而停止进水。之后，在通过程控器，将电机电路接通，开始洗涤工作。

安全开关

它主要是起到安全保障的作用，当洗衣机的盖子被打开，洗衣机就会停止脱水工作，会把电源切断，还会把电磁铁的电路处在刹车状态，这样保证了使用的安全性。

电磁进水阀

电磁进水阀位于洗衣机上罩的后部，是为洗衣机进水的自动控制系统而设计的。当需要进水时，程控器将它的电路接通，可以打开进水通道，向洗衣机内注水。

排水电磁铁

与排水阀连接在一起，用于排水阀开启和关闭，主要作用是通过刹车带抱紧或放松脱水轴，完成脱水准备和刹车工作。

洗衣机故障

通过洗衣机不同的情况表现，甄别出具体的故障点出在什么地方。判断出洗衣机故障后，在对症下药，具体对应故障如下：

不进水

1、进水阀线圈短路引起线圈骨架变形，使铁芯始终封闭泄压孔，引起进水阀不进水；

2、铁芯弹簧生锈，使铁芯不能上、下移动，始终封闭泄压孔，引起进水阀不进水；

3、泄压孔被堵（如沙子、异物等），使控制腔内水无法流出，于是控制腔内的静压力迅速升。

脱水无力

1、皮带松弛，磨损拉长，使皮带运转打滑无法带动脱水桶运转，引起脱水无力；

2、离合器方线扭簧磨损直径变大生锈，使方线扭簧无法抱紧脱水轴带动脱水桶正常运转，引起脱水无力。

电容损坏

电容损坏一般会易引起洗涤，脱水无力，电机不转动

离合器损坏

洗衣机出现脱水声音大，脱水无力，只能单向反转，不能正转，离合器抱簧坏的情况出现。当衣服少的情况下机器能够保证有一个比较高的初速度使得机器尽快高速旋转起来。而衣服多了以后机器没法产生一个较高的初速度从而使得洗衣桶摆动变大。

控制板损坏

洗衣机控制板损坏会出现电机无法转动，不脱水和不进水等故障。

排水电机损坏

排水电机正常值应为4.5~5.1kΩ。洗衣机甩干桶电机的阻值一般是主绕组为65到95欧。副绕组为110到200欧。洗衣机的额定电压是200V，即洗衣机在电压时220V才能正常工作，洗衣机的洗涤时的额定功率是360W，即洗衣机在220V时，洗涤的功率是360W，洗衣机的最大工作电流为5A。洗衣机主要是在水位开关与电磁进水阀之间的调控进行进水跟排水的的，在一定的情况下，排水跟排水以及电机开关，可以实现自动化的控制，水位开关说白了就是一个压力开关而已。然后洗衣机的气室入口与洗衣机的衣桶是相互连接的。具体阻值还得依机型来定，详情请看洗衣机说明书。选用电阻时常有阻值选择的问题，往往遇到选用的阻值是不常用电阻，或特殊阻值很难制造的贴片、插件电阻。

皮带松

造成洗衣机皮带松掉的主要是以下原因：1、皮带受潮。2、皮带使用时间过长导致受损。

放水异常

1、进水电磁阀损坏，造成水阀不工作水无法进入管路。

2、进水电磁阀连接线断，使电磁阀无驱动电压而不工作最终水无法进入管路。

3、进水电磁阀驱动电路故障，造成电磁阀无法正常开启，水无法注入管路。

4、可能是排水开关损坏，使开关闭死不动，水无法排出。

5、可能是排水口堵塞，排水口内部有异物造成排水口严重堵塞而无法排水。

6，容器内的水位传感器，将感受到的水位信号传送到控制器，控制器内的计算机将实测的水位信号与设定信号进行比较，得出偏差，然后根据偏差的性质，向给水电动阀发出"开""关"的指令，保证容器达到设定水位。进水程序完成后，温控部份的计算机向供给热媒的电动阀发出"开"的指令，于是系统开始对容器内的水进行加热。到设定温度时。控制器才发出关阀的命令、切断热源，系统进入保温状态。洗衣机水位传感器损坏的原因：导管破裂、入嘴与导管连接处漏气、内部隔膜穿孔、触点接触不良等。洗衣机水位传感器坏了会引起进水不良，有的洗衣机可能会引起脱水不良故障。

脱水异常

这种情况一般要检查；洗衣机甩水不平衡导致保护，吊杆、防撞开关都有可能出故障。显示故障代码的诊断方法，显示故障代码，维修并不难，一般情况下出现故障代码，应该检查安全开关，排水电机，控制板等。

1、洗衣机不工作则会显示“dE”“dE1”“dE2”，出现这种情况，应及时检查洗衣机的上盖或者机器门有没有关好。如果是波轮式，则将上盖关好，机器会自动恢复正常。滚筒式的话则检查衣物是否均匀放置在内筒里面，避免有衣物夹在门缝中，并确认门已关严，再次试机。

2、洗衣机显示e1，若是出现这类代码表示洗衣机排水超时，应及时检查洗衣机排水管是否被堵。

3、洗衣机显示H，若出现这种情况，一种是脱水安全门开关坏了，建议更换。第二种则是脱水电路异常。

故障排除

确认好故障点之后，就是针对性的去处理故障问题，不同的故障利用或修或换的方式进行排除，海尔洗衣机为例，具体方法如下：

解决方法

进水量未达到设定水位时就停止进水

1、可能是水压开关水位控制弹簧预压缩量变小，需要调节螺钉，增加水位控制弹簧的预压缩量，这个比较好解决。

2、若是水位控制弹簧弹力变小或失去弹性，那就需要更换水位控制弹簧，注意它的型号要相同。

进水量必须超过设定水位较多后才会停止进水

1、应该是水压开关集气室，容易导致气接嘴有堵塞或漏气的问题，先清洁导气接嘴处杂物，以后定期检查。

2、若使用时间比较长。导气软管出现老化扭结或破裂漏气，需要更换导气软管。

程序进入洗涤状态时，电机转动正常，但波轮不转

1、遇到这样的情况，直接检查电机皮带轮，离合器带轮和波轮的紧固情况，若有螺钉松动，滑丝或断裂，请对应的工具对它进行检修。

2、若是三角皮带打滑或脱落，需要在调大电机和离合器距离，并在三角皮带上擦些松香粉，增大它的摩擦。

洗涤时脱水桶跟转

1、一般是制动带松脱，让制动带对脱水轴的制动力矩减小，先关闭电源，然后让它重新安装好。

2、也可能是制动带严重磨损或损坏，可先通过旋转调节螺钉，然后适当的调节，增加制动带对脱水轴的制动力矩。

洗涤时，电机正反向运转正常，而波轮只能单向反转，不能正转

1、根据使用的经验来看，离合器工作位置不到位时，方丝离合簧不能被拨松，让洗涤轴和脱水轴被离合簧抱紧；脱水轴在洗涤状态下被制动带抱紧。

2、当离合器皮带轮以顺时针方向运转时，不能让波轮转动，当离合器皮带轮逆时针方向反转时，离合器方向离合簧旋松方向，需要适当的调节螺钉，让棘爪拨叉和制动杆间隙处于一个正常范围。

排水速度变慢

1、当洗衣机的排水速度变慢，可能是排水阀内部有杂物或排水软管弯折变形，既然已经知道了原因，先清除排水阀内杂物，保持软管畅通。

2、若排水拉杆和橡胶阀门间隙变大，要适当调小排水拉杆和橡胶阀门的间隙，避免出现异常问题。

3、排水阀内弹簧太长或失去弹性。只要更换内弹簧即可。

排水不净

1、自己推测是水压开关性能不良或空气管路漏气，让集气室内空气压力变小，盛水桶内水位没有下降到规定位置，水压开关触点便提前动作。

2、想办法找到空气管路漏气位置，然后用401胶密封，若水压开关损坏，尽快更换水压一个相同型号的开关。

维修完毕

排除故障后，检查机体是否恢复正常使用，最好是使用一次，全程下来看看，是否还存在类似的问题，如果没有，说明维修完毕了，反之就需要进行重新进行以上步骤。

洗衣机维护

俗话都说，洗衣机三分用七分养，维修之后更是需要保养维护。维修之后，需要做的维护如下：

机体

可以用柔软布及温和的洗涤剂(如厨房用洗涤剂和肥皂水)清洁机体。

注意：不要直接向机体淋水；不要使用去污粉、稀释剂或含有酒精或煤油的产品。

窗玻璃及窗密封垫

洗衣机每次使用结束后，清除窗密封垫上的物件；擦去窗玻璃及窗密封垫上的线屑及污垢；适时打开机门进行通风。

洗涤剂盒

洗涤剂盒需要定时清洗，避免洗涤剂残留并滋生出霉菌。

1、按压洗涤剂盒，弹开后再向外拉出。

2、按下中间凸起部即可安全拉出。

3、用双手大拇指如图小箭头方向适当用力扩张，同时大拇指向上推出柔软剂盖子，将其从洗涤剂盒中取出。

4、用水将残留的洗涤剂洗去，然后用布将洗涤剂盒上的水擦干净。

5、柔软剂盖子下压到洗涤剂盒的原本位置。确认两边及后侧的卡爪均到位，然后通过插入的方式装回洗涤剂盒。

排水过滤器

建议至少每个月清洁一次排水过滤器。过滤器会堆积线屑，使排水不畅。

1、关闭电源并拔下电源插头。

2、按压前盖板B右侧，打开前盖板B，放置一个容器以接收排出的水。

3、拉出泵软管，拔下管塞使水流出。

4、在水全部排出后，将排水过滤器逆时针转动旋开。然后往外拉出。（松开排水过滤器要小心。可能会有更多水排出。这是正常现象。)

5、清除上面的毛绒及线屑。

6、回排水过滤器。

7、将管塞塞回泵软管中，装回原位置，关闭前盖板B。

8、注意：排放热水时务必小心；排水过滤器务必顺时针转动旋进到位，否则将造成漏水，并导致前盖板无法正常关闭。

进水阀过滤网

定期取下进水管，清除过滤网上的污垢。

为防止溅水，取下进水管前，请按以下步骤进行。

1、关闭水龙头。

2、按下电源键打开电源。

3、按下一键智洗。

4、1分钟后关闭电源。水已从进水管中排出。

5、拧松进水管将其取下。

6、使用牙刷来的小刷子，清洁洗衣机背面的进水阀过滤网。

7、重新连接进水管，打开水龙头，检查是否漏水。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"家里要购买洗衣机的话，就要注意做好保养工作，避免洗衣机出现故障，影响了使用。洗衣机在使用中出现故障要及时查找原因并进行维修。市面上常见的洗衣机（海尔，美的等品牌）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnUS3WufAHFP9qKhgbGCvih"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗衣机零件介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GUyodCqiAoWyUoxAp1ic9ef2nag"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电机和电容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P6Ykd46CKouQ60x44khcOxAJnUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电机是发动力，可驱动渡轮完成衣服的洗涤和脱水。电容一般洗衣机是用单项电容起动式，主要作用是增大电动机的启动力矩。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmcMd8SEyosMs0xULdscQpo3nfg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":371,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电机和电容","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5cba235141e048b2b667cc83dca394ab","width":590},"text":"","id":"ZUQ8dkW2yo2K2yxI73Fc8YNinKf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"程序控制器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CeG6dQ6sgoWmUExiisIcEfQgndd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简称程控器，是控制洗衣机系统的中心部件，整个洗衣机的操作都是由程控器来支配的，它的结构较为复杂，有机械式(电机式)和电脑式(电子式)之分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z6KadwkkQoYY86xkjIMcDBf5n3d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":415,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"程序控制器","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2e9643eb44dc468c891e2c9a4f1406b0","width":893},"text":"","id":"Is0adqE6IoEWoYxCLSDcXDEcnnw"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"水位开关","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K6yEdmSkookuI8xy4gec6N8jnye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"为控制水量，还设计水位开关。水位开关一般有3-4档，使用时可按衣服量选择水位，当达到指定水位时，水位开关会将电磁进水阀的电路切断，从而停止进水。之后，在通过程控器，将电机电路接通，开始洗涤工作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SqkadGYscooMecxATSIcauySnkg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":417,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"水位开关","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ae4987ba95734e9092bcc3c20aac3837","width":770},"text":"","id":"ZOkodyIcSoswCmxKcGacII99nJh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"安全开关","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UQcodsYI6oamUAxA5WZcMEstnjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它主要是起到安全保障的作用，当洗衣机的盖子被打开，洗衣机就会停止脱水工作，会把电源切断，还会把电磁铁的电路处在刹车状态，这样保证了使用的安全性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GCgmdK8iqoeMCmxcKtSc4vPunUa"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":367,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安全开关","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/955fe2dedc8545229c7415a3e8b05a9f","width":709},"text":"","id":"AWcCdgK6UoSMAOxIBOTcnbycnZb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电磁进水阀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UGiIdyi0yoM4MmxKPxLce6FJnDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电磁进水阀位于洗衣机上罩的后部，是为洗衣机进水的自动控制系统而设计的。当需要进水时，程控器将它的电路接通，可以打开进水通道，向洗衣机内注水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E48GdY6gcos4uUxyuWCc2Kx1ngh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":361,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电磁进水阀","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6ea46f5e819f4cfdb00a6f7d597c4708","width":516},"text":"","id":"UakYduauooaG4UxE9x7cNHRTnNe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"排水电磁铁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BIEMdwSCqogGcqxYTSycCWVvnpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"与排水阀连接在一起，用于排水阀开启和关闭，主要作用是通过刹车带抱紧或放松脱水轴，完成脱水准备和刹车工作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EMyed8sEeom2O8xO6tocfslUnrh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":275,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水电磁铁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8e0429401c364f7c924ecb06fd9666cb","width":500},"text":"","id":"Vi8MdIM04osUu2xWYdDcDqVtnGh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗衣机故障","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ra46dWQOcoKyqOx6zRycc4XfnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过洗衣机不同的情况表现，甄别出具体的故障点出在什么地方。判断出洗衣机故障后，在对症下药，具体对应故障如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SqGIdqKA4oKE2oxEzR4cp1mZn7e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"不进水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HseAdAOe2ocYMOxQHOIca3FSnNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、进水阀线圈短路引起线圈骨架变形，使铁芯始终封闭泄压孔，引起进水阀不进水；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"McaCd8oGsoU06wxaMFycYbwanTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、铁芯弹簧生锈，使铁芯不能上、下移动，始终封闭泄压孔，引起进水阀不进水；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XImKdEU8yooI4mxOKeVcNFhunic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、泄压孔被堵（如沙子、异物等），使控制腔内水无法流出，于是控制腔内的静压力迅速升。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CQ2Eds8WsoegEcx42zUcowVQnpc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"脱水无力","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HoSadWM22oqQiKx8zBJc9bjyn1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、皮带松弛，磨损拉长，使皮带运转打滑无法带动脱水桶运转，引起脱水无力；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CqqAd6mKeokewCxwvNPcD2ZBn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、离合器方线扭簧磨损直径变大生锈，使方线扭簧无法抱紧脱水轴带动脱水桶正常运转，引起脱水无力。","id":""}]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隙处于一个正常范围。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ToGMdYg4qo8Simxw5vPc9YzenQh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":426,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"洗涤时，电机正反向运转正常，而波轮只能单向反转，不能正转","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/afff38fca8a44c96bffae157571a0c59","width":568},"text":"","id":"doxcn2MY5tG1e3GUm4OtztEfFSh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"排水速度变慢","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng6eixdUhbwC5mMagETWC5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、当洗衣机的排水速度变慢，可能是排水阀内部有杂物或排水软管弯折变形，既然已经知道了原因，先清除排水阀内杂物，保持软管畅通。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IW2YdAYWQo6mGExWAh9cQ1Nvntf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、若排水拉杆和橡胶阀门间隙变大，要适当调小排水拉杆和橡胶阀门的间隙，避免出现异常问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XiOOdgkI8ocwewx0cpwcn7Usn2D"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、排水阀内弹簧太长或失去弹性。只要更换内弹簧即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PkwEd4yO4oiCM0xWEddcvtCAnGd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":386,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水速度变慢","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/35583a3e20e54ffa80200ee3cd67f961","width":599},"text":"","id":"doxcn1rDv7r8fet53EnFLlytFvg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"排水不净","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMRL1RCKaCP5WgIkGuoanIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、自己推测是水压开关性能不良或空气管路漏气，让集气室内空气压力变小，盛水桶内水位没有下降到规定位置，水压开关触点便提前动作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XOCadAmwGoGeC0x4y0CcSZkznWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、想办法找到空气管路漏气位置，然后用401胶密封，若水压开关损坏，尽快更换水压一个相同型号的开关。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XOUodiuSQoS6KqxGKEOc8M2ln0f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"维修完毕","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni5GIacVbBalOJNG7YCbxzX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"排除故障后，检查机体是否恢复正常使用，最好是使用一次，全程下来看看，是否还存在类似的问题，如果没有，说明维修完毕了，反之就需要进行重新进行以上步骤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMxxY8tmEnquzcujZiAtxRc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1346,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"维修完毕","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/254880c68338404b9ea4ee391d4ee710","width":1440},"text":"","id":"doxcn3l5jrKDSX1TtTSKpWhKBug"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗衣机维护","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9ZxgIT2cA3hkWSE4LkhD4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"俗话都说，洗衣机三分用七分养，维修之后更是需要保养维护。维修之后，需要做的维护如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWIlUSU43wDzmVeoUJHo7mb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"机体","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGiAYrfQYV69WqHl8qFmzwE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以用柔软布及温和的洗涤剂(如厨房用洗涤剂和肥皂水)清洁机体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMRLsZOwG3Q8ShP8IOEn9ee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：不要直接向机体淋水；不要使用去污粉、稀释剂或含有酒精或煤油的产品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJtZrFJcu49mGkwF9dkcuRb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"窗玻璃及窗密封垫","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOvQh6X7MT9SzTOBkQNSrLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗衣机每次使用结束后，清除窗密封垫上的物件；擦去窗玻璃及窗密封垫上的线屑及污垢；适时打开机门进行通风。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntfgEcutqowXB8wCfSFej1d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗涤剂盒","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhf9WKMeBTIOrKHHA5bpwzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗涤剂盒需要定时清洗，避免洗涤剂残留并滋生出霉菌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHwgjUIbQ0X5g8CU3HcoFoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、按压洗涤剂盒，弹开后再向外拉出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWfpVTi1YwP9G1GtqYRvjte"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":494,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"洗涤剂盒","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/14da0317ba324881962c603646aaaf53","width":623},"text":"","id":"doxcnoeTZzNj810jliV6Lht16Re"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、按下中间凸起部即可安全拉出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZbKpFKqbavHMRf5iNIMEpQ"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":437,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"洗涤剂盒","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ab31e31417eb49ce95f24c29ccc972dd","width":603},"text":"","id":"doxcn3Hwl6y0tGOklG4tGL8qUzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、用双手大拇指如图小箭头方向适当用力扩张，同时大拇指向上推出柔软剂盖子，将其从洗涤剂盒中取出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbUfZJNlIvJu9CFad5Fs1yb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":374,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"洗涤剂盒","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2154914b7c0e45ae96450f7c0110f6b9","width":608},"text":"","id":"doxcnFmO2kDrFaTghMLxuGiDUre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、用水将残留的洗涤剂洗去，然后用布将洗涤剂盒上的水擦干净。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVSFcRngTqRnKMpGtJuHjIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、柔软剂盖子下压到洗涤剂盒的原本位置。确认两边及后侧的卡爪均到位，然后通过插入的方式装回洗涤剂盒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLWL7yI0qCMuttoPAA84gIH"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"排水过滤器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneeKNs4zRr2XdlV8jEczEgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建议至少每个月清洁一次排水过滤器。过滤器会堆积线屑，使排水不畅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSKd3B8LWzbJvcpeSNygO0r"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、关闭电源并拔下电源插头。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0JRqa9mILkpIQS4OLMuakf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、按压前盖板B右侧，打开前盖板B，放置一个容器以接收排出的水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna4lpk4Vev0nHhYRtXoAqUd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":362,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水过滤器","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cb718bfecc74449fa21dc64c9b0f56af","width":574},"text":"","id":"doxcnceByNzQubDiMHx5scd0Cjd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":364,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水过滤器","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5f6ac66f201e4f7fb84900e40cb8e997","width":578},"text":"","id":"doxcno2blB77ezPs8h2bqaaCPYf"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCIF2BhFmFQEtJFeynXNcIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、拉出泵软管，拔下管塞使水流出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCIF2BhFmFQEtJFeynXNcIe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":364,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水过滤器","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6aaf9d5af10a4d4787b4dda98a8ad4c4","width":575},"text":"","id":"doxcnkbr7IbRxLy3Ad9kzvnhFre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、在水全部排出后，将排水过滤器逆时针转动旋开。然后往外拉出。（松开排水过滤器要小心。可能会有更多水排出。这是正常现象。)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYZBMrKgxrKhzn7whAVSS0e"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":340,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水过滤器","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f6c9bd73dab14633a7971e2993ec00a5","width":576},"text":"","id":"doxcnWNh2OeNbGx9WHYRjhOravg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":399,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水过滤器","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0c12664389f541749e88325cfdea0913","width":579},"text":"","id":"doxcnDwwdJrBek4NbUBVAxBAbIh"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhN12wgEV5qax9ZweKqDYqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、清除上面的毛绒及线屑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhN12wgEV5qax9ZweKqDYqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、回排水过滤器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLvCbwwcdtyLh8WGMQd4X3u"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、将管塞塞回泵软管中，装回原位置，关闭前盖板B。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9OR0rxjnW6kFuIFc0W3xzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、注意：排放热水时务必小心；排水过滤器务必顺时针转动旋进到位，否则将造成漏水，并导致前盖板无法正常关闭。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEtplZWsuPTASPh8G8wWzzf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"进水阀过滤网","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSeccBbfzBbJVf3fcecq8Pd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"定期取下进水管，清除过滤网上的污垢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIOrfaOTmiCcxIerqZCKIMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"为防止溅水，取下进水管前，请按以下步骤进行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndI75WRHmvbGi4KQEi9nzvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、关闭水龙头。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaAOpW9z3rJRaZmKDaJ76ae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、按下电源键打开电源。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQliQpMfiMfiRqEaa8KEFqn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、按下一键智洗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntMCIvbcyNq223dEVQpDCqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、1分钟后关闭电源。水已从进水管中排出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsRLfyZLvmfnR56eEHP0Jnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、拧松进水管将其取下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4IhKZdfSizul90KdVwiK1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、使用牙刷来的小刷子，清洁洗衣机背面的进水阀过滤网。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxTB5uKgQgTbRo6e8k0aC9e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":426,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"进水阀过滤网","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a65f0fb52055461cbb88a381e7f11f85","width":729},"text":"","id":"doxcnhlUJX1OFExIiaeBZ5Q2xZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、重新连接进水管，打开水龙头，检查是否漏水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTqDo8RD2rmTNNj6F0isMUb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLvn8so61EOV2N57YHqvCQd"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E