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广告片作为企业视频营销的关键任务,始终受到企业的重视。通常来说,应该找专门拍摄企业广告片的公司进行合作。因为制作过程繁杂,并且开放性大,所以要具备好的创新能力和专业能力才能完成。接下来就教大家怎么做广告片。
筹拍前准备
明确广告目的
随心所欲地拍摄广告是毫无意义的,明确的目的会让你事半功倍!你的广告片是用来干什么的?
树立品牌意识?
产品展示推广?
策划活动?
你需要想清楚你的目的。找到你的目标!
清晰的目标能帮助你决定片子的风格。如:如果你想向顾客展示新产品的用法,你可以制作一条产品演示片。
简单点说,就是想好每条片子的制作目的。如果你有很多目标,那么请多做几条广告片。
投放渠道
在优酷、爱奇艺上热播的广告片不一定适合别的平台。受限于平台用户的经济情况,性别,居住地等属性,某件产品不可能是适合所有人群的。
举个例子简单说明,有些平台成年男性较多,某些平台中小学生群体较多,目前有一款汽车准备在这两个平台投放广告,可想而知的是,广告投放成年男性较多的平台效果好好一些。
预算如何
谈钱伤感情。但是拍片不得不谈钱。广告片可以拍成你想要的昂贵的或者便宜的片子,这取决于你愿意投入多少。好比你想买辆车,如果你的预算较少,可能只能试驾,预算充分你就可以选择更多的车型更多的品牌及档次。
广告预算主要包括以下几个方面:
1、广告调研费用
广告调研费用具体包括广告活动前期的调查、分析研究、咨询费用以及后期的广告效果调查费用。它一般占广告预算费用总额的5%~10%。
2、广告制作费用
广告制作费用包括制版、印刷、摄影、录音、录像、文案创作、美术设计及其他与广告制作有关的费用。它一般占广告预算费用总额的5%~10%。广告制作是一项需要付出艰苦劳动,而且需要以充分的财政作为保障的工作。因此,对这一问题应引起重视,并在广告创作的过程中予以妥善处理。大家知道,广告创作是一件既费力又费钱的工作,是除了广告媒介费用以外的另一项大的开支,并且还直接关系到媒介费用的多寡。尤其是电视广告和电影广告,由于创作程序复杂,工程浩大,广告制作费用极高,同时广告片的长短又直接关系到媒介使用租金的支出。因此,在广告创作中,如何量力而行,是应该注意的问题。在不影响广告的艺术水平和广告效果的前提下,应该尽量在广告预算费用的范围内节约开支,以保证广告活动的顺利进行。
3、广告媒介费用
广告媒介费用包括购买报纸、杂志的版面费用,租用广播、电视的时间费用,户外广告的场地费用等。这部分费用是广告预算费用的主体,一般占广告预算费用总额的70%~80%。
4、广告管理费用及杂费
广告管理费用包括企业广告部门工作人员的工资、办公费、差旅费、办公设备费等;杂费包括广告材料的运费、户外广告的安装费、橱窗的布置费等。这部分费用一般占广告预算费用总额的2%~5%。
上述四项费用属当然的广告费用,应列入广告预算。
脚本的确定
广告脚本,是广告创意的表达。是体现广告主题,塑造广告形象,传播信息内容的说明,是广告创意(构思)的具体体现,也是摄制广告的基础和蓝图。
比如:戴比尔斯钻石的广告语——钻石恒久远,一颗永流传
事实证明,经典的广告总是丰富的内涵和优美的语句的结合体,戴尔比斯钻石的这句广告语,不仅道出了钻石的真正价值,而且也从另一个层面把爱情的价值提升到足够的高度,使人们很容易把钻石与爱情联系起来,这的确是最美妙的感觉。
脚本表现方式:
脚本怎么写,要使广告片成为面对面的销售方式,就要在创意方面加倍努力,以独特的技巧和富有吸引力的手法传达广告讯息,一般来讲有下列几种主要形式。
1、故事式。用讲故事形式来表达商品与受众的关系,使受众产生共鸣。
比如:比如:「支付宝]通过讲故事的方式勾勒出形态各异的用户形象;被称为“故事大王”的「方太],通过讲故事的抒写手法,让我们在文案里也能体会到家的美好;「中国银联]以山里孩子的故事,让他们的才华被看见……
2、时间式。用记录片或叙事手法,向受众交代时代进展与商品的关系。
例如:华为发布的一支微纪录片《多个角度,多份爱》,来讲述年轻怀孕妈妈在怀孕到生产中的酸甜苦辣的过程与经历,其中的温情力量,足以激发众多用户的内心共鸣情绪。
3、示范式。用比较或示范的手法,表现出商品过人之处或独特的优点。
例如:舒肤佳广告
舒肤佳广告的诉求点是香皂既要去污,也要杀菌,同时宣扬一种新的皮肤清洁观念。在电视广告中,通过显微镜下的明显对比,使用舒肤佳比使用普通香皂皮肤上残留的细菌少得多,显示了它强有力的杀菌能力。尽管这则舒肤佳广告创意手法平平,但冲击力却**,使舒肤佳在香皂市场的占有率很快达到41%。
4、比喻式。用浅显易懂,人所共知的比喻,引出广告商品的主题。
5、幽默式。用幽默风趣的语言或手法,含蓄地宣传商品的特征,使受众在轻松愉快的气氛中领会与接受广告信息。
例如:荷兰一家旅行社刊出一则广告:“请飞往北极度蜜月吧!当地夜长24小时。
6、悬念式。用悬念手法提高受众的注意力及好奇心,然后带出商品。
例如:2014年,韩后1.5亿成为首个登上广州塔品牌广告,豪气外露,这个“约”就是当时韩后登在南都的整版广告,一边是广告费赚翻了,一边是眼球赚翻了!
7、解决问题式。将一个难题夸张,然后将商品介绍出来,提供解决难题的答案。
例如:简洁有创意的海飞丝的广告词
海飞丝:去头屑,让你靠的更近
海飞丝:头屑去无踪,秀发更出众
玩笑版:秀发去无踪,头屑更出众
海飞丝:你不会有第二次机会给人留下第一印象
海飞丝:去除头屑的困扰
海飞丝:set youfree 放飞无限自由
海飞丝:新海飞丝,就是说头屑
8、名人推荐式。用知名人士来介绍推荐商品,利用他们的聚焦力和号召力,来影响目标受众的态度,刺激购买欲。
例如:德芙发布了一场以“愉悦至上”为主题的品牌焕新营销。在这次的营销新战略中,德芙选择将代言人换成了周冬雨,并拍摄了微电影广告《再见摩天轮》。
开拍制作步骤
拍摄方案协商
1、当创意完全确认、并获准进入拍摄阶段时,公司创意部会将创意的文案、画面说明及提案给客户的故事板呈递给制作部,并就广告片的长度、规格、交片日期、目的、任务、情节、创意点、气氛和禁忌等作必要的书面说明,以帮助制作部理解该广告片的创意背景、目标对象、创意原点及表现风格等等。同时要求制作部在限定的时间里呈递估价和制作日程表以供选择。
2、当制作部收到脚本说明之后,制作部会就自己对创意的理解预估将合适的制作方案及相应的价格呈报给客户部,供客户部确认。估价包括拍摄准备、拍摄器材、拍摄场地、拍摄置景、拍摄道具、拍摄服装、摄制组(导演、制片、摄影师、灯光师、美术、化妆师、服装师、造型师、演员等)、电力、转磁、音乐、剪辑、特技、二维及三维制作、配音及合成等制作费、制作公司利润、税金等广告影片制作中的全部方面,并附制作日程表。
3、由客户部将制作部的估价呈报给客户,当客户确认后,由客户、客户部、制作部签立具体的制作合同。然后,根据合同和最后确认的制作日程表,制作部会在规定的时间内准备接下来的第一次制作准备会。
4、在此期间,制作部将就制作脚本、导演阐述、灯光影调、音乐样本、堪景、布景方案、演员试镜、演员造型、道具、服装……等有关广告片拍摄的所有细节部分进行全面的准备工作,以寻求将广告创意呈现为广告影片的最佳方式。这是制作部最忙碌的时候,所有的准备工作都要事无巨细面面俱到,这个阶段的工作做得越是精细,越是能制作出高质量的广告片。有时候应客户的要求会缩短制作的周期,那么往往压缩的就是这一阶段的时间。这里我的建议是客户最好给制作部留有足够的时间,因为有充分的准备工作时间是不增加开支而提升品质的最佳方式。
拍摄方案确定
1、PPM是英文Pre-Product Meeting的缩写。在PPM上,将由制作部就广告影片拍摄中的各个细节向客户呈报,并说明理由。通常制作部会提报不止一套的制作脚本(Shootingboard)、导演阐述、灯光影调、音乐样本、堪景、布景方案、演员试镜、演员造型、道具、服装……等有关广告片拍摄的所有细节部分供客户选择,最终一一确认,作为之后拍片的基础依据。如果某些部分在此次会议上无法确认,则(在时间允许的前提下)安排另一次制作准备会直到最终确认。因此,制作准备会召开的次数通常是不确定的,如果只召开一次,则PPM1和PPM2、Final PPM就没有什么差别。
2、经过再一次的准备,就第一次制作准备会(PPM1)上未能确认的部分,制作部将提报新的准备方案,供客户确认,如果全部确认,则不再召开最终制作准备会(Final PPM),否则(在时间允许的前提下)再安排另一次制作准备会直到最终确认。
3、这是最后的制作准备会,为了不影响整个拍片计划的进行,就未能确认的所有方面,客户、客户部和制作部必须共同协商出可以执行的方案,待三方确认后,作为之后拍片的基础依据。
4、在进入正式拍摄之前,制作部的制片人员对最终制作准备会上确定的各个细节,进行最后的确认和检视,以杜绝任何细节在拍片现场发生状况,确保广告片的拍摄完全按照计划顺利执行。其中尤其需要注意的是场地、置景、演员、特殊镜头等方面。另外,在正式拍片之前,制作部会向包括客户、客户部、摄制组相关人员在内的各个方面,以书面形式的"拍摄通告"告知拍摄地点、时间、电视广告制作摄制组人员、联络方式等。
这是最后的一次检查的机会了,在这次检查结束以后,大家就会抓紧时间休息,因为这次检查之后,正式拍摄也就不远了。
拍摄
按照最终制作准备会的决议,拍摄的工作在安排好的时间、地点由摄制组按照拍摄脚本进行拍摄工作。为了对客户和创意负责,除了摄制组之外,通常制作部的制片人员会联络客户和客户部的客户代表AE、有关创作人员等参加拍摄。根据经验和作业习惯,为了提高工作效率,保证表演质量,镜头的拍摄顺序有时并非按照拍摄脚本的镜头顺序进行,而是会将机位、景深相同相近的镜头一起拍摄。另外儿童、动物等拍摄难度较高的镜头通常会最先拍摄,而静物、特写及产品镜头通常会安排在最后拍摄。为确保拍摄的镜头足够用于剪辑,每个镜头都会拍摄不止一遍,而导演也可能会多拍一些脚本中没有的镜头。
拍摄技巧分享:
我在这里分享一下广告片拍摄过程中常用的三个小技巧,供大家借鉴。
1、变焦处理
变焦是广告片拍摄过程中必不可少的,但其并不是简单就能掌握的。请记住一定要以固定镜头为主,不要过度运用变焦,在处理画面的变化时,要仔细考虑角度、位置以及大小,利用不同组合进行变化。如果将镜头固定在某个点上,纯粹利用变焦来变化拍摄,往往达不到预期效果,那广告片也就失败了。
这里介绍一下正确的变焦方法:采用匀速推进或者拉远,一次性完成广告片的拍摄,而不是一下子近一下子远,这会严重影响拍摄效果。
2、寻找手感
这里说的手感是指对像机手动调节的把握,像机的亮度、焦距、焦点全部都需要摄像师手动调节完成,尤其是新手,需要一定的经验积累才能有手感。
3、使用辅助器
拍摄广告片千万不能抖,所谓“一抖毁所有”,大多数情况下,手的力度难以保证它不抖动,这就需要借助一些辅助器来固定,三脚架是最基本的,有时候也可以临时用桌子、椅子替代。
后期制作
冲洗转盘作业
如果使用的是电影胶片拍摄,就像拍照片之后需要洗印一样,需要在专门的冲洗厂里冲洗出来。再进行转盘,才能由电影胶片的光学信号转变成用于电视制作的磁信号,然后才能输入电脑进入剪辑程序。转磁的过程中一般会对拍摄素材进行色彩和影调的处理。
如果使用的是SD卡储存拍摄素材,则可以省略这一过程。
初剪
初剪,也称作粗剪。现在的剪辑工作一般都是在电脑当中完成的,因此拍摄素材要先输入到电脑中,导演和剪辑师才能开始了初剪。初剪阶段,导演会将拍摄素材按照脚本的顺序拼接起来,剪辑成一个没有视觉特效、没有旁白和音乐的版本。
看A拷贝
所谓A拷贝,就是经过初剪的那个没有视觉特效、没有音乐和旁白的版本。这个版本是将要提供给客户以进行视觉部分的修正的,这也是整个制作流程中客户第一次看到制作的成果。
正式剪辑
在客户认可了A拷贝以后,就进入了正式剪辑阶段,这一阶段也被成为精剪。精剪部分,首先是要根据客户在看了A拷贝以后所提出的意见进行修改,然后将特技部分的工作合成到广告片中去。广告片。画面部分的工作到此完成。
作曲或选曲
广告片的音乐可以作曲或选曲。这两者的区别是:如果作曲,广告片将拥有独一无二的音乐,而且音乐能和画面有完美的结合,但会比较贵,如果选曲,在成本方面会比较经济,但别的广告片也可能会用到这个音乐。
配音合成
旁白和对白就是在这时候完成的。在旁白和对白完成以后,在音乐完成以后,音效剪辑师会为广告片配上各种不同的声音效果,至此,一条广告片的声音部分的因素就全部准备完毕了,最后一道工序就是将以上所有元素并的各自音量调整至适合的位置,并合成在一起。
电视播出带
旁白和对白就是在这时候完成的。在旁白和对白完成以后,在音乐完成以后,音效剪辑师会为广告片配上各种不同的声音效果,至此,一条广告片的声音部分的因素就全部准备完毕了,最后一道工序就是将以上所有元素并的各自音量调整至适合的位置,并合成在一起。
交片
将经过广告主认可的完成片,以合同约定的形式按时地交到广告主手中,是为交片。
注意事项
1、要体现出产品特点:广告片的最终受众群体还是消费者,而广告片的目的则是让消费者来购买产品,这就要求广告片在拍摄时要尽可能对产品特点、材质、功能等内容进行展示,刺激消费者购买欲望。
2、注意拍摄中的小细节:清晰的画面是优质广告片的先决条件,在拍摄过程中任何一个小细节都是非常重要的。这里的细节指拍摄角度、拍摄道具的使用、光线的运用等对画面的影响。
3、保证广告片内容的真实性:在拍摄过程中一定要保证产品的真实性和可信性,而不需要过分追求场景或者人物的完美。当然这并不是说要在拍摄制作广告片在的时候不专业不认真,而是说要贴合实际生活,符合现实。对于产品在画面展示中精美与朴素相结合,力求其真实性。真实的东西自然会受到大家的青睐。
4、保证拍摄素材数量充足:这一注意事项是为了保证后期处理能顺利进行,后期处理的主要工作是依据文案脚本对拍摄素材进行剪辑加工,如果出现拍摄素材不够,无法完成脚本场景,就需要进行素材补拍,会严重影响广告片制作周期。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"广告片作为企业视频营销的关键任务,始终受到企业的重视。通常来说,应该找专门拍摄企业广告片的公司进行合作。因为制作过程繁杂,并且开放性大,所以要具备好的创新能力和专业能力才能完成。接下来就教大家怎么做广告片。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LegWdsiisoM6qKx1VVucAUjSnD4"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"筹拍前准备","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RgOadik2goKqmaxWwvLcplvdnSh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":650,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"筹拍前准备","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eb208acab3514a3b835d9f2249ac3ab7","width":975},"text":"","id":"Vy4ydIq0AoSywKx6E7HcQb3snpg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"明确广告目的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QIQGdMWoKoQKg2xiWyIcCEipn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"随心所欲地拍摄广告是毫无意义的,明确的目的会让你事半功倍!你的广告片是用来干什么的?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XSGudyMISoqQW4xuSTAcaMftnff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"树立品牌意识?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G0M2dIWoCoMec8xGWYJcRsuun2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"产品展示推广?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VweadQ4IcoiUesxGwLtcUp9DnKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"策划活动?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LCCudQEYWoiOo4xsv64cFtJOn1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"你需要想清楚你的目的。找到你的目标!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OmGWdKkiGo2wQWxA1qBc8uh1nub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"清晰的目标能帮助你决定片子的风格。如:如果你想向顾客展示新产品的用法,你可以制作一条产品演示片。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PIKUdsEykom4KEx8IWBc1uVcnqc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单点说,就是想好每条片子的制作目的。如果你有很多目标,那么请多做几条广告片。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KisCdm6KQoYI4qxIxvwcbRUtnSe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"投放渠道","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWU2dC6SWosmg0xOxMbc3tNwnUk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在优酷、爱奇艺上热播的广告片不一定适合别的平台。受限于平台用户的经济情况,性别,居住地等属性,某件产品不可能是适合所有人群的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JouCdMGE0oguycxuCHkcbSM8n0f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"举个例子简单说明,有些平台成年男性较多,某些平台中小学生群体较多,目前有一款汽车准备在这两个平台投放广告,可想而知的是,广告投放成年男性较多的平台效果好好一些。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KiwSdsoQEoqGygxo3C4cd9dUnkg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"预算如何","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VKYedOyUoouCQUxD1jkctfLKnq2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"谈钱伤感情。但是拍片不得不谈钱。广告片可以拍成你想要的昂贵的或者便宜的片子,这取决于你愿意投入多少。好比你想买辆车,如果你的预算较少,可能只能试驾,预算充分你就可以选择更多的车型更多的品牌及档次。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T46wdy4I8oeSiOxuoxYcphjXnFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"广告预算主要包括以下几个方面:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FsiqdcOWyoco04xqCDAcU41hnvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、广告调研费用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Jk2OdWaQAosYI2xOaMTcmVxbnOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"广告调研费用具体包括广告活动前期的调查、分析研究、咨询费用以及后期的广告效果调查费用。它一般占广告预算费用总额的5%~10%。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BmCMdOQ4mo48kIxS0dAcZqaAnFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、广告制作费用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NEiWdwcMSo0OQCxQPMMcdHLPnqc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"广告制作费用包括制版、印刷、摄影、录音、录像、文案创作、美术设计及其他与广告制作有关的费用。它一般占广告预算费用总额的5%~10%。广告制作是一项需要付出艰苦劳动,而且需要以充分的财政作为保障的工作。因此,对这一问题应引起重视,并在广告创作的过程中予以妥善处理。大家知道,广告创作是一件既费力又费钱的工作,是除了广告媒介费用以外的另一项大的开支,并且还直接关系到媒介费用的多寡。尤其是电视广告和电影广告,由于创作程序复杂,工程浩大,广告制作费用极高,同时广告片的长短又直接关系到媒介使用租金的支出。因此,在广告创作中,如何量力而行,是应该注意的问题。在不影响广告的艺术水平和广告效果的前提下,应该尽量在广告预算费用的范围内节约开支,以保证广告活动的顺利进行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PYoEdecS0oey6sxum95cqKY8n2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、广告媒介费用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I8madOYiIoUqgCxm8nFcuOHtnFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"广告媒介费用包括购买报纸、杂志的版面费用,租用广播、电视的时间费用,户外广告的场地费用等。这部分费用是广告预算费用的主体,一般占广告预算费用总额的70%~80%。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FIWWdU628oM8uUxIVttcqyJznJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、广告管理费用及杂费","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SGO4d2422o8AcQxYzsOc1ds0nqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"广告管理费用包括企业广告部门工作人员的工资、办公费、差旅费、办公设备费等;杂费包括广告材料的运费、户外广告的安装费、橱窗的布置费等。这部分费用一般占广告预算费用总额的2%~5%。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pi4ed2sK8oUW4qxW4e3cPnkhnwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"上述四项费用属当然的广告费用,应列入广告预算。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pagmdi4cQoM0oyxScitcyxDBnwe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"脚本的确定","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Rumsd4EYKoyuOixkbUucytENnJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"广告脚本","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",是广告创意的表达。是体现广告主题,塑造广告形象,传播信息内容的说明,是广告创意(构思)的具体体现,也是摄制广告的基础和蓝图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ji6udSIU2oC2q6xUdUwcXq7On0d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如:戴比尔斯钻石的广告语——钻石恒久远,一颗永流传","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BmaAdoSMIo8MQgxAVVFc26eyn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"事实证明,经典的广告总是丰富的内涵和优美的语句的结合体,戴尔比斯钻石的这句广告语,不仅道出了钻石的真正价值,而且也从另一个层面把爱情的价值提升到足够的高度,使人们很容易把钻石与爱情联系起来,这的确是最美妙的感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xs6Cd6Y6so4E68xQ3TacTxR8nCh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":633,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"脚本的确定","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/141d4b827ed14e00bf14660154d03655","width":949},"text":"","id":"PmCsdcmasoyS2AxOKgHcuu4Gnsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"脚本表现方式:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z8KSdAoAOoyuQwxWIzJc7OymnAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"脚本怎么写,要使广告片成为面对面的销售方式,就要在创意方面加倍努力,以独特的技巧和富有吸引力的手法传达广告讯息,一般来讲有下列几种主要形式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XKsGd06OMoI084xMxB1c60Mdnmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故事式。用讲故事形式来表达商品与受众的关系,使受众产生共鸣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EEG0dQy0eoqsIkxkjrhcgqQ7nKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如:比如:「支付宝]通过讲故事的方式勾勒出形态各异的用户形象;被称为“故事大王”的「方太],通过讲故事的抒写手法,让我们在文案里也能体会到家的美好;「中国银联]以山里孩子的故事,让他们的才华被看见……","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FgmmdsYUIos4CUxOUJQcVwl9nWe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":607,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"脚本的确定","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e08c222d5b044bbf8209a2c285a77a38","width":1080},"text":"","id":"PAW8dCcIEo4k4cxJgPhcDWqYnbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、时间式。用记录片或叙事手法,向受众交代时代进展与商品的关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JQuEduAeIoyY8wxA9zNccy3vnNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如:华为发布的一支微纪录片《多个角度,多份爱》,来讲述年轻怀孕妈妈在怀孕到生产中的酸甜苦辣的过程与经历,其中的温情力量,足以激发众多用户的内心共鸣情绪。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MWGQdSQcEoAcc6xiCiEck9punRc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":337,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"脚本的确定","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/de1783f17f1b432b84796654ee3f6692","width":600},"text":"","id":"JCI0dKOyOoEYkOxAhrAcLENgnbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、示范式。用比较或示范的手法,表现出商品过人之处或独特的优点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R8gmdSQ0SokacKxznfWcy9MWnyp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如:舒肤佳广告","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NsyAduqsCoCC2SxSCHdcxqCcnIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"舒肤佳广告的诉求点是香皂既要去污,也要杀菌,同时宣扬一种新的皮肤清洁观念。在电视广告中,通过显微镜下的明显对比,使用舒肤佳比使用普通香皂皮肤上残留的细菌少得多,显示了它强有力的杀菌能力。尽管这则舒肤佳广告创意手法平平,但冲击力却**,使舒肤佳在香皂市场的占有率很快达到41%。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TUAYdoUYwoSiiexiqWbcqD37nDd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"脚本的确定","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e73473e8e9f343aa81494432d2ed3150","width":1024},"text":"","id":"LWI4dau6qocOkOxENUdcSXt6nhg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、比喻式。用浅显易懂,人所共知的比喻,引出广告商品的主题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AwkidI2WAowy2ox0E83c3u9YnKh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"脚本的确定","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3b1d80d8b9034758b5b87562a43dd43d","width":1024},"text":"","id":"IymMd0sCKow2gsxi8yXcuCmyn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、幽默式。用幽默风趣的语言或手法,含蓄地宣传商品的特征,使受众在轻松愉快的气氛中领会与接受广告信息。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DI4KdkkYOoi6QUxuEspclDPenKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如:荷兰一家旅行社刊出一则广告:“请飞往北极度蜜月吧!当地夜长24小时。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FOaGdiQIUo6Qq4xqUEgciHv0nAb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、悬念式。用悬念手法提高受众的注意力及好奇心,然后带出商品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYOydWAe2oUkA0xY5CrcZmfnnbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如:2014年,韩后1.5亿成为首个登上广州塔品牌广告,豪气外露,这个“约”就是当时韩后登在南都的整版广告,一边是广告费赚翻了,一边是眼球赚翻了!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QSaQd86Sco2sYkxUBAjc96x8nPc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":450,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"脚本的确定","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/58a00aae461a428f8ec695a8ed2e0b89","width":632},"text":"","id":"BaEkd0O0qoEEsaxG2zjczvVLnCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、解决问题式。将一个难题夸张,然后将商品介绍出来,提供解决难题的答案。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U6yQdgEeWoe4yexwV4ZcW6zZnBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如:简洁有创意的海飞丝的广告词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CwCedWya6oGygqxCSrzcZ1VXnxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"海飞丝:去头屑,让你靠的更近","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E8cudM0cUowwECxGsncc9Lukn2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"海飞丝:头屑去无踪,秀发更出众","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YUoMd4a8koqCoqx0S1pcFbi1nSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"玩笑版:秀发去无踪,头屑更出众","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z2gQdg8eGoYSEuxY0cjc420OnVk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"海飞丝:你不会有第二次机会给人留下第一印象","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LewCdwSaWoeY4gxQR7Wco0Y9n1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"海飞丝:去除头屑的困扰","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SEygdEQGwoSQk2xLIg4cFg9vnca"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"海飞丝:set youfree 放飞无限自由","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BMaydYW6GoGkSExEfrDcOux6nlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"海飞丝:新海飞丝,就是说头屑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TMu2dcGQ4ogq8SxQT2hc0xhinMh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":350,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"脚本的确定","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/87dee0217589414697350b5111b3bc51","width":752},"text":"","id":"R2MKd8McOoYU2YxcAhacRZJ0ndb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FSiodWgAmoaYiqxsJP5c4zspnUj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、名人推荐式。用知名人士来介绍推荐商品,利用他们的聚焦力和号召力,来影响目标受众的态度,刺激购买欲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C2u6dyeAEo8eaKxe4Z4cfhzOn7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如:德芙发布了一场以“愉悦至上”为主题的品牌焕新营销。在这次的营销新战略中,德芙选择将代言人换成了周冬雨,并拍摄了微电影广告《再见摩天轮》。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ma4QdeIswoqEoixgrKGcpXKJnic"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":678,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"脚本的确定","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/20872166065a441689d0a1d362f9d0f8","width":1017},"text":"","id":"FQwSdiQwkos6ugxiucHc0wuinHe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"开拍制作步骤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F0icdOA4AoSS6KxobR9cuC28naf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"拍摄方案协商","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QGEKdg2e2osoSwxIvlRcuPDBngb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":672,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"拍摄方案协商","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/10bf4e6bda75465ca062d68b1f1cd27d","width":1008},"text":"","id":"Y2MsduYmSoCaymxKvBucYJVxnNI"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、当创意完全确认、并获准进入拍摄阶段时,公司创意部会将创意的文案、画面说明及提案给客户的故事板呈递给制作部,并就广告片的长度、规格、交片日期、目的、任务、情节、创意点、气氛和禁忌等作必要的书面说明,以帮助制作部理解该广告片的创意背景、目标对象、创意原点及表现风格等等。同时要求制作部在限定的时间里呈递估价和制作日程表以供选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VqmYdEsa2omg0wxaKjWcXiginwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、当制作部收到脚本说明之后,制作部会就自己对创意的理解预估将合适的制作方案及相应的价格呈报给客户部,供客户部确认。估价包括拍摄准备、拍摄器材、拍摄场地、拍摄置景、拍摄道具、拍摄服装、摄制组(导演、制片、摄影师、灯光师、美术、化妆师、服装师、造型师、演员等)、电力、转磁、音乐、剪辑、特技、二维及三维制作、配音及合成等制作费、制作公司利润、税金等广告影片制作中的全部方面,并附制作日程表。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WmaEdW00goyuySxAHyYcvzJInte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、由客户部将制作部的估价呈报给客户,当客户确认后,由客户、客户部、制作部签立具体的制作合同。然后,根据合同和最后确认的制作日程表,制作部会在规定的时间内准备接下来的第一次制作准备会。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HO2qdMwssoaEccxmc2IcpbE7nHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、在此期间,制作部将就制作脚本、导演阐述、灯光影调、音乐样本、堪景、布景方案、演员试镜、演员造型、道具、服装……等有关广告片拍摄的所有细节部分进行全面的准备工作,以寻求将广告创意呈现为广告影片的最佳方式。这是制作部最忙碌的时候,所有的准备工作都要事无巨细面面俱到,这个阶段的工作做得越是精细,越是能制作出高质量的广告片。有时候应客户的要求会缩短制作的周期,那么往往压缩的就是这一阶段的时间。这里我的建议是客户最好给制作部留有足够的时间,因为有充分的准备工作时间是不增加开支而提升品质的最佳方式。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AGgCdkG0KooQG4xw3KXcZA1Mnfe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"拍摄方案确定","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OyuodC6IkoyASOxYzPwcssuinIc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":434,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"拍摄方案确定","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7f9c25a9bfbb4986b9d441dc866a2077","width":650},"text":"","id":"LWoIdu2aEoQOmExJ6wlcWhNtnst"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、PPM是英文Pre-Product Meeting的缩写。在PPM上,将由制作部就广告影片拍摄中的各个细节向客户呈报,并说明理由。通常制作部会提报不止一套的制作脚本(Shootingboard)、导演阐述、灯光影调、音乐样本、堪景、布景方案、演员试镜、演员造型、道具、服装……等有关广告片拍摄的所有细节部分供客户选择,最终一一确认,作为之后拍片的基础依据。如果某些部分在此次会议上无法确认,则(在时间允许的前提下)安排另一次制作准备会直到最终确认。因此,制作准备会召开的次数通常是不确定的,如果只召开一次,则PPM1和PPM2、Final PPM就没有什么差别。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PCI6dEQy4oMuCixMBkqcvdV1nNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、经过再一次的准备,就第一次制作准备会(PPM1)上未能确认的部分,制作部将提报新的准备方案,供客户确认,如果全部确认,则不再召开最终制作准备会(Final PPM),否则(在时间允许的前提下)再安排另一次制作准备会直到最终确认。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GqEcd8iwUoKcMyxwVl9cFHnLnYA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、这是最后的制作准备会,为了不影响整个拍片计划的进行,就未能确认的所有方面,客户、客户部和制作部必须共同协商出可以执行的方案,待三方确认后,作为之后拍片的基础依据。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Om4mdOoIIos0IMxWOqscwMPQnAe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、在进入正式拍摄之前,制作部的制片人员对最终制作准备会上确定的各个细节,进行最后的确认和检视,以杜绝任何细节在拍片现场发生状况,确保广告片的拍摄完全按照计划顺利执行。其中尤其需要注意的是场地、置景、演员、特殊镜头等方面。另外,在正式拍片之前,制作部会向包括客户、客户部、摄制组相关人员在内的各个方面,以书面形式的\"拍摄通告\"告知拍摄地点、时间、电视广告制作摄制组人员、联络方式等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MuaOdmckQoi6AAxaGbbcXrkxnrc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是最后的一次检查的机会了,在这次检查结束以后,大家就会抓紧时间休息,因为这次检查之后,正式拍摄也就不远了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D0OCdg0W6oWo28xQKlScHJ7kn4b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"拍摄","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Oke0dsIsgo0Mamxs5gxc04RHncg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":634,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"拍摄","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0eaf02504b2846ef83d8ba9c1634fcea","width":951},"text":"","id":"Jg2kdMeMGo82iaxqoLXcm2AEnwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"按照最终制作准备会的决议,拍摄的工作在安排好的时间、地点由摄制组按照拍摄脚本进行拍摄工作。为了对客户和创意负责,除了摄制组之外,通常制作部的制片人员会联络客户和客户部的客户代表AE、有关创作人员等参加拍摄。根据经验和作业习惯,为了提高工作效率,保证表演质量,镜头的拍摄顺序有时并非按照拍摄脚本的镜头顺序进行,而是会将机位、景深相同相近的镜头一起拍摄。另外儿童、动物等拍摄难度较高的镜头通常会最先拍摄,而静物、特写及产品镜头通常会安排在最后拍摄。为确保拍摄的镜头足够用于剪辑,每个镜头都会拍摄不止一遍,而导演也可能会多拍一些脚本中没有的镜头。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UweUdmgkaom0CKxiUTwcUGDSnZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拍摄技巧分享:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B2WqdICI0oeo6IxKgQUcAuHYn3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我在这里分享一下广告片拍摄过程中常用的三个小技巧,供大家借鉴。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VMWkd4u00oeeK2xWgdMckfg3nmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、变焦处理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WA8edG0yCoG6ggxmYQ0cjZ6vnRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"变焦是广告片拍摄过程中必不可少的,但其并不是简单就能掌握的。请记住一定要以固定镜头为主,不要过度运用变焦,在处理画面的变化时,要仔细考虑角度、位置以及大小,利用不同组合进行变化。如果将镜头固定在某个点上,纯粹利用变焦来变化拍摄,往往达不到预期效果,那广告片也就失败了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CqCwd0UMcoAO8mxsrQxcQm2YnYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里介绍一下正确的变焦方法:采用匀速推进或者拉远,一次性完成广告片的拍摄,而不是一下子近一下子远,这会严重影响拍摄效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YcAadaq0woEeu4xc1RZcz1Qtn1h"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、寻找手感","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yga6d4gyiookquxwLJScZBzonue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里说的手感是指对像机手动调节的把握,像机的亮度、焦距、焦点全部都需要摄像师手动调节完成,尤其是新手,需要一定的经验积累才能有手感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PUakdgGumoeoU0xmwvxcgE7Pnmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、使用辅助器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CECKdMgCwoUMcixemU0ceG7rnUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拍摄广告片千万不能抖,所谓“一抖毁所有”,大多数情况下,手的力度难以保证它不抖动,这就需要借助一些辅助器来固定,三脚架是最基本的,有时候也可以临时用桌子、椅子替代。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GC6gdeaMQogMkYxp9igccK4FndA"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"后期制作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PeoQd8cAqogE4qxCWPvc3vhMnIo"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冲洗转盘作业","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Jq0yda28wo0ACAxOf6dc8yTNnbb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果使用的是电影胶片拍摄,就像拍照片之后需要洗印一样,需要在专门的冲洗厂里冲洗出来。再进行转盘,才能由电影胶片的光学信号转变成用于电视制作的磁信号,然后才能输入电脑进入剪辑程序。转磁的过程中一般会对拍摄素材进行色彩和影调的处理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UewWduq6Eom8IexIHlbcgNqXnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果使用的是SD卡储存拍摄素材,则可以省略这一过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YSQwdsCaao4OA8xkroScKL1onDg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"冲洗转盘作业","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ea9c745e75c4defb913bb96bb23b7d0","width":1024},"text":"","id":"Sg6gdm0CcoQyYkxq6xKctJIgnUd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"初剪","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NuKudGwEkoQQGyxozqmcFJsFnKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初剪,也称作粗剪。现在的剪辑工作一般都是在电脑当中完成的,因此拍摄素材要先输入到电脑中,导演和剪辑师才能开始了初剪。初剪阶段,导演会将拍摄素材按照脚本的顺序拼接起来,剪辑成一个没有视觉特效、没有旁白和音乐的版本。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ROuWdUmeAouEk6xqAllcB582nbf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":678,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"初剪","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8c4aeafbba3d4657aeac4eef44afb0c9","width":1017},"text":"","id":"HQkYd2Ku6owEyexgfb8ccsI5nQh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"看A拷贝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QyQadSSMuoGu20xZ4a9cuu4snpF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓A拷贝,就是经过初剪的那个没有视觉特效、没有音乐和旁白的版本。这个版本是将要提供给客户以进行视觉部分的修正的,这也是整个制作流程中客户第一次看到制作的成果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Em6SdE6Yso608mxYHsCcVAw4n8c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":484,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"看A拷贝","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bb73761ce7614fc1b82e2a53e22171ed","width":725},"text":"","id":"N8QIdw0S2o8wuaxicFWc2hoanTc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"te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2. UV分光光度计
紫外-可见光光谱(Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy,UV-Vis),又称紫外-可见分子吸收光谱法。
紫外-可见分光光度法是在190~800nm波长范围内测定物质的吸光度,用于鉴别、杂质检查和定量测定的方法。当光穿过被测物质溶液时,物质对光的吸收程度随光的波长不同而变化。因此,通过测定物质在不同波长处的吸光度,并绘制其吸光度与波长的关系图即得被测物质的吸收光谱。
从吸收光谱中,可以确定最大吸收波长λmax和最小吸收波长λmin。物质的吸收光谱具有与其结构相关的特征性。因此,可以通过特定波长范围内样品的光谱与对照光谱或对照品光谱的比较,或通过确定最大吸收波长,或通过测量两个特定波长处的吸收比值而鉴别物质。
用于定量时,在最大吸收波长处测量一定浓度样品溶液的吸光度,并与一定浓度的对照溶液的吸光度进行比较或采用吸收系数法求算出样品溶液的浓度。
3. 分光光度计uv5100
1、开启和自检
(1)仪器开启
用电源线连接上电源,打开仪器开关(位于仪器的后右侧),仪器开机后进入系统自检过程。
(2)系统自检
在自检状态,仪器会自动对滤光片、灯源切换、检测器、氘灯、钨灯、波长校正、系统参数和暗电流进行检测。
注:如果某一项自检出错,仪器会自动鸣叫报警,同时显示错误项,用户可按任意键跳过,继续自检下一项。
(3)系统预热
仪器开机后,因电器件需要预热一定的时间后方可达到稳定状态;另外氘灯周围环境也需要一定时间方能达到热平衡,所以仪器需要预热约20分钟后,方可正常使用。
自检结果后,仪器进入预热状态,预热时间为20分钟,预热结束后仪器会自动检测暗电流一次。预热时可以按任意键跳过。
(4)进入系统主菜单
仪器自检结束后进入主界面。按“MODE”键可以在T、A、C、F间自由转换,分别实验透过率测试,吸光度测试工,标准曲线和系统法等功能。
2、透过率测试
在此功能下,可进行固定波长下的透过率测试,也可以将测量结果打印输出。 (1)设定工作波长
在系统主界面下,系统的默认功能项为透过率测试,此时直接按“GOTO λ”键可以进入波长设定界面,用上下键来改变波长值,每按一次该键则屏幕上的波长值会相应增加或减少0.1nm,按“ENTER”键确认。
提示:可以长按此二键,则数字会快速变化,直至所需的波长值为止,近“ENTER”键确认。波长设定完成后自动返回上级界面。
(2)按“ZERO”键对当前工作波长下的空白样品进行调100.0%T。
注意:在调100.0%T之前记得将空白样品拉(推)入光路中,否则调100.0%T的结果不是空白液的100.0%T,使得测量结果不正确。
(3)进行测量
当调100.0%T完成后,把待测样品拉(推)入光路中,按“ENTER”键进入测量界面(若已经在测量界面下,则无须此项操作,直接进行后面的操作即可),按“ENTER”键即可在当前工作波长下对样品进行透过率的测量。
每按下一次“ENTER”键,系统会自动将当时所显示的数值记录到数据据存储区,但当查看时,液晶显示屏的每一屏只可显示5行数据,其余数据可通过按上下键进行翻页显示。
(4)数据打印与清除
数据存储区最多可存储200组数据。如果要打印或消除已测量数据,可在测量结果显示界面下,按“PRINT/CLEAR”键,进入打印或删除除界面,用上下键选择对应
4. uv5500分光光度计
光通量(luminous flux)指人眼所能感觉到的辐射功率,它等于单位时间内某一波段的辐射能量和该波段的相对视见率的乘积。由于人眼对不同波长光的相对视见率不同,所以不同波长光的辐射功率相等时,其光通量并不相等。光通量的物理表达式为: 式中: K:光敏度、感光度(类比:胶卷的感光度)、人眼对于彩色的感知能力 K = 683.002 lm/W。 K值使光通量的单位与辐射功率的单位得到统一。 λ:波长,事实上人眼只对波长位于380nm~780nm的光有反应,习惯上我们把低于380nm的光波称为紫外线(Ultraviolet,简称UV), 把高于780nm的光波称为红外线(Infrared,简称IR),这一点也反映在了视见函数V(λ)中。 V(λ):称为人眼相对光谱敏感度曲线,亦作视见函数曲线,是总结了众多针对人眼的测试经验而得到的,它描述了人眼对不同波长的光的反应强弱。
5. UV754分光光度计使用说明书
大部分人认为学画画,认为需要学3-5年,但其实不是这样的。
新手入门画画只需要从简单的线条开始练习,感受光影,逐步进行形状与体积的练习,便可掌握画画的基础。
下面让我们一起来学习吧!
如何准备工具
方法一:
纸笔
推荐使用铅笔、自动铅笔。
常用品牌:樱花牌、斑马牌。常见规格:0.5mm,0.8mm。
笔芯:辉柏嘉、樱花牌
橡皮:辉柏嘉、樱花。推荐用可塑橡皮,手感很好。
纸:用A4纸即可,推荐80g的,比市面上常见的70g的手感更好。
方法二:
数位板+台式机
1、数位板推荐型号:wocam672,wocam 4100
压感:数位板的压感是敏感度,压感越大,敏感度越好。压感2048可以满足入门级要求、4096可以满足职业级要求。
2、防摔绳,建议配套防摔绳,这样可以让你的笔头不容易摔坏。
3、台式机&笔记本:32位的内存,intel i5以上的配套即可满足需求。
方法三:
iPad pro
1、IPad pro有优秀的便捷性,可以替代笔记本电脑。10.5英寸即可满足需求。
ipad+ipencle,可以直接用户绘画;ipad+数位板,ipad当做显示屏,数位板可以当做绘制工具;ipad+mac,可以把ipad当手绘板使用,mac作为显示屏
如何画好线条
画好线条,是画画的前提。初学者觉得线条难画,是由于刚接触绘画,熟练度不够,画不好是很正常的。随着这量和时间的积累会慢慢变得熟练。我们接下来来学习线条的概念和功能。
可参考视频:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1KL4y1W726/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
第一步:
学会画素线
素线,就是没有变化,干净清晰的单线。素线的绘画,在所有绘画场景应用中都是最基础的一环。绘画好了素线,才能让观众看清楚画的是什么。
步骤1
学会定点连线
画线,本质上是对两个点的链接。因此,我们需要首先确定两个点在哪里。
现拿点 a 到点 b 举例,如果先预判的点 a 与点 b 知道他们的位置,那么就能很清晰的连接点 a 与点 b。如果确定点 a但不太确定点 b, 那么就会变成第二条线,杂乱无章。 如果既无法确定点 a, 又无法确定点 b,就会变成第三条线。这两条线都不够清晰。
因此,需要学会预判画作,确定点位安排。
拓展一下,画一个形状,就是从点 a 到点 abcd, 最终到一幅画的定点连线。所以想画好线条,乃至于想画好一幅画,都要先进行预判,确定画面中所有点的关系。
步骤2
用石膏进行练习
初学者要先从石膏几何体学起,因为他点位明确,结构简单,这种练习需要练习六十小时左右,基本上就可以掌握。
步骤3
长线条的绘制
长线条的绘画建议使用接线练习法。接线的是指先打好草稿,然后再一小笔接小一笔地去绘制短线段,最后拼出一条长线条,这个技巧要注意的是上笔的尾线要有笔锋,这样接线时不容留出破绽。
小贴士:
其他练习方法
三笔定型法:在初学阶段有很多人会有蹭线的习惯,三笔定型法就是强迫自己先看到点位,再去作画,一笔试错两笔纠正,三笔确定超过三笔,就需要提醒一下自己自己是否进入了无脑般的机械作画状态。
画螺旋以、定点连线、画气字。这些练习非常适合在正式开画前或者自己平时无聊时。 练习三到五分钟,久而久之,就会提升手眼协调能力,以及手部的灵活度。
第二步:
学会画线条的强调性
线条具有强调总结的作用。在同样一组线条中加强某一段了,就会让你注意到它。
方法1:
从外至内线分层法
步骤1,以这个人物举例,在素线的基础上先去强调外轮廓。
步骤2,加强外轮廓之后,你会发现手部埋没在了细节里,无法一眼分辨,那么就需要加强手臂轮廓,让他在重度的线条中跳出称为比外轮廓线细比竖线粗的二级线。
步骤3,按照这个逻辑顺序,接着往下做图。 从外到内,手臂的装饰肯定没有外轮廓和手臂重要,所以接着降级为三级线,直到最后剩下素线。绘画完成。
方法2:
线条的视觉引导
加粗的线条,会引导观众的目光,让他们去关注你想让他们关注的地方。
以画一个人为例,你的主视觉停留是在头手脚上,其次是关节,至于直来直去的手臂与腿部都是一晃而过,不会过多关注。所以我们的线条也应该多在这些视觉停留的点多做文章。首先肯定是将外轮廓加重,同时也加重转折处于关节处以及头手脚,以达到强调和视觉停留的目的。
方法3:
学会用线条提现光影
光的强弱与力量感,也可以通过线条的粗细来表现,比如在光强的地方和有张力的事物上,把线条画得细。一些受重力垂坠影响的物体,承受重力的位置笔触重一些。绘画时将他们组合运用,会让线条显得高级。
拿人物举例,在素线的基础上,去观察人体。由于上眼皮、鼻翼、唇线、下巴都有投影,需要加重一下,从而体现观感。另外脸部一些转折是骨头,比较重要,也需要加重强调一下。这样效果就会比素线稿好很多。
拿肌肉来举例,把膨胀的肌肉中间处,画得薄一点来体现肌肉张力。这是美漫经常使用的方法
第三步:开始正式绘画
步骤1:绘制线稿
这一步可以随意一些,大致画出你想要的形状。
步骤2:绘制精草
用三笔定型法去绘制精草。这一步要注意不要出现粗细等长的蹭线,不然等到绘画成稿时,无法确定哪一根是正确线条。动笔之前先动了三思而后行。草稿阶段要绘制完所有的正确线,才能算绘制完毕。
步骤3:丰富线的内容
确定了线的级别。首先加重了外轮廓、接着去加粗转折部分,比如裤脚的位置。再去加粗一下投影的区域,体现一下光感。画到这里,你的线稿基本就算合格了。
练习:线条临摹练习
平时适合临摹学习的画师,推荐爱德华吉顿、鸟山明以、金政基这三位前辈的线稿,基本上是万能线。建议临摹一百张以上。
如何画形状
第一步:认识形
简单地说,画形状是将三维世界通过我们人眼转化为二维画面写在纸上。绘画就是画形状。画面中的形并不只有我们所谓的客观物品,而是二维化的形状拼接。
视频可参考:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1G5411n7dM/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
第二步:确定形
方法一:阴阳型
这个是一个万金油工具。我们可以把任何一个画面拆分为阴形,阳形,用这两个形状,来互相辩证画面是否正确。
方法二:九宫格起型法
将一幅画打上格子,在另外一个同样格子的图纸中,按照坐标一格一格的画,就可以把一幅画临摹出来。
第三步:画准形
步骤1:用阴阳型画法。画出线条,区分出画面整体的阴形和阳形。
步骤2:继续用阴阳型画法,用先大后小的原则,将大块的形状划分出来。
步骤3:用九宫格画法,开始绘制细节。找到鼻子、嘴角、眼角这些转折,画上定型点位。 画完转折点后,整幅画对比一下,调节一下相对位置,就得了准确的形状。
步骤4:把转折点连接成素线。
步骤5:补充上阴形的颜色填充,绘画完毕。
如何画体积
视频可参考:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
在二维平面画出三维感的方法,称之为透视。严格来说,透视可以归类为数学。
常见的绘画中,会通过物品遮挡来表达体积感。
另外,近大远小也是常见的透视方法。
其次是,近实远虚。
最后,是近疏远密,如图。
第一步:学习什么是视平线
要进行绘画,首先我们要知道什么是视中线,视平线和地平线。
视平线,就是我们眼睛正视前方的水平线。
当视中线、和视频线重合时与我们的眼睛保持水平中立,这种情况叫做平视。
当我们向下看时,视线脱离视平线向下,这就是俯视。从眼睛处延伸一条直射于眼睛正在看到的场景。这条线我们称之为是视中线。
当我们向上看时,也就是视中线会跟着眼睛一起水平向上脱离视平线,这就是仰视、
视中线,是我们的目之所及,会跟着我们的眼睛变化而变化。视平线始终水平,位于眼部位置,它是界定仰视与俯视的一把水平。总的来说,视平线会将画面切割,视平线上便是是仰视。视平线下方便是俯视。
第二步:学会绘制一点透视
一点透视,又称平行透视。一点透视只能画出正面朝向你的一面,它是与你的视线平行的。
步骤1:画出视平线
我们要首先画出视频线,因为我们要确定一个方形平视还是仰视或是俯视,都需要我们的视频线作为标识。
步骤2:画出正面的形状
正面是不会产生形变的,因为它是正面对着你、如果你看到是一个方,那么它就是一个方。
步骤3:找到消失点
这个集中消失的点,我们叫它消失点,就像刚才演示一样,当你看到一个大正面对其他面都是慢慢消失一点
步骤4:连接点与消失点
连接消失点,画出物品的厚度
常用工具1:X工具
X工具的用途是用来找到方形的中点。如图我们看到方形a, 现在我们来看到对角线得到中心点b。 这样同理可用无限循环,找到每一个方形的中点。
在平面中相等,那么在透视中一样相等。因此我们在一个斜着的方形中画对角线,也可以找到在透视中的方形的中点。
常用工具2:N工具
如果我们想在透视中画出间隔相等的物体,那么就需要这个N工具。
步骤1:首先我们确定我们想要的间距,画出垂线,这就是距离最近方形的第一条边。
步骤2:先用X工具,连接原有方形的对角线,这样就找到这个方形的中点。
步骤3:从方形的中点,画出一条与透视线平行的线,与方形的边相交得到了点A。
步骤4:然后我们再从方形的端点B,延伸到点A,相较于透视线,得到了点C。
步骤5:从点C出发。画一条与透视线垂直的线,我们就画出来了两个完全相同的方形。重复如此,可以得到多个相同的等距方形。
在平面中可以这么复制,在透视中也同理。 因为连接点很像是字母N,所以称之为N工具。
小贴士:X工具与N工具结合示范
我们来尝试画一个有许多柱子和吊灯的走廊。
步骤1:我们首先利用N工具来画柱子。确定了柱子之间的间距相同,可以画出多个柱子。
步骤2:然后用X工具来画等。确定每一点灯都在格子中间部位。
步骤3:接下来添加一些细节,就完成绘画了。
常用工具3:对角线消失点
我们在绘画固定大小的方格时,使用这个方法。
步骤1:确定视平线,与视平线上的消失点A。
步骤2:接着按照一点透视,连接消失点与方形的端点,确定方格大小。
步骤3:从方形画出对角线,延伸至视平线交叉,得到了对角线消失点B。
步骤4:从方形边角连接点 b ,得到了交叉点 c 和 d 。
步骤5:从消失点连接点d,且贯穿。从点 c 出发,横向平行画出平线线。我们就得到了在透视中完全相同的四个方形。
步骤6:重复这个步骤,我们就会得到无数个相同方形。
步骤7:间隔填上颜色,就画出了一个铺好的地板,我们可以把它翻转得到天花板。
第二步:两点透视
两点透视,特点就是我们人的视线不再和物体平行,而是物体总有一个转折角对着我们。
视频可参考:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
步骤1:还是先画出视平线。确定消失点H和L。
步骤2:画出一条垂直线。从这条线的两个端点出发,向两个消失点连线,我们就得到了方程的两个侧面
步骤3:找到顶点R和K,与消失点点连接支线。R连接H,K连接L。 这样我们就得到一个完整的两点透视方形。
步骤4:其他角度均是如此。记住,所有的消失点都消失于 hl 两个消失点。
第三步:一点透视与两点透视同时出现
我们画画时,大部分不可能那么巧都是纯粹的两点透视、一点透视,大部分情况都会同时出现。一点透视和两点透视,一般都是共同同一条视平线。接下来我们来学习怎么画出两种透视同时存在的情况。
步骤1:画出视平线,确定多个消失点。一个画面可以有多个消失点,但是切记视平线要始终保持不变,且只有一条。
步骤2:按照上述教过的方法,画出多个不同的物体。
两点透视中的X工具
1、画出视平线
2、X工具却确定中点
3、连接中点与消失点,就可以平分长方体
两点透视中的对角线消失工具,与一点透视同理
示范练
第四步:三点透视
三个测试是应用在极仰和极的视角中。即是否有明显的抬头,或者低头的画面中。
三点透视,有三个消失点,会形成一个三角形。正三角形是仰视,倒三角形是俯视。
三点透视的特点
一点透视、两点透视的纵轴是垂直的,只有横轴在变化。三点和两点一点的区别在于,三点的纵轴垂直线不再是平行,而是相交于一点,形成了三个消失点。
N、X、对角线三工具还是同理、区别在于也是不再具有纵轴垂直线,而是全部相交于纵轴的消失点。
第五步,正式开始作画
步骤1:画出视平线
步骤2:应用对角线消失点画出地板
步骤3:画出人体脚底板的位置,按照透视来确定脚的位置,可以避免人物浮空或者空间错位
步骤4:接着画人体。把人体当做好几个几何体的组成,用N工具来确定人体大比例
步骤5:人体细节完善,画出线条、衣物、头发、包等。
步骤6:同理画出其他物品,如小轿车。
练习:简单几何体练习
熟悉透视之后,需要进行几何体多角度翻滚练习。
建议每天画一百个左右,坚持两周即可。如果你时间不对,也可以每天画10~20个,需要坚持2-3个月左右。
方形翻滚作画示例
十字方翻滚多角度作画示例
方和圆组合翻滚多角度示例
方和圆翻滚
练习:物体/物体几何练习
接下来我们把难度升级,物体组合练习。我们要将物体转换成几何体,接着再练习方形的翻滚一样,让我们的物体翻滚起来,练习多角度绘画强迫自己在脑中建立三 d 模型的感觉,去考虑同一物体不同角度的形状特点和体积变化。这样的组合练习也需要1~2个月左右(每天如果只有1-2小时,需要练习3~4个月的时间)。
推荐图书
视频可参考:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aZ4y1k7ze/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
1、《像艺术家一样思考》
2、《透视画法入门》,建议整本通读,每篇都进行临摹
3、《贝蒂的色彩》
4、《FIGURE DRAWING》
5、《动态素描·人体结构》。通篇阅读,整本临摹。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CuIadOq46oeOswxayo7cKSUUn9f"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"大部分人认为学画画,认为需要学3-5年,但其实不是这样的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqhtwRKPfJbeqLc6Vcw3dBc"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"新手入门画画只需要从简单的线条开始练习,感受光影,逐步进行形状与体积的练习,便可掌握画画的基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2p4eK7DQc5WTJZmg40fB4e"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面让我们一起来学习吧!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqCAjosaqrs69QYog88Y8Td"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDX4wMoe1Yi6D6ttkJQlkrh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何准备工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWMOxKHqBaxC6ecgmCCiWYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntgCdwVm8ke5FPkoStp2glc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"纸笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnd9gTOkfB9uF9jtVG9orIyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐使用铅笔、自动铅笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJPmVfWydzgjrcqdKJLQHQ9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用品牌:樱花牌、斑马牌。常见规格:0.5mm,0.8","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"mm","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhJlo1CwjMcrSW9APzWXIj5"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":618,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一:","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3a22c3c8b19f40ea861909355be7530f","width":1780},"text":"","id":"doxcnERzNY5StM814GCj32d2Mze"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":610,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一:","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/73e99e0c0b7c47a9a2f50b67b70b2434","width":1658},"text":"","id":"doxcn8YmXouC54AokD30YNgkojh"}],"text":"","id":"doxcn02rNudrvvbB34maqtqMhIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔芯:辉柏嘉、樱花牌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn02rNudrvvbB34maqtqMhIc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":846,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一:","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0e9faec6c6644abb94d20923311d65ee","width":1018},"text":"","id":"doxcnUeP1t9ygiDhUFx4XWKscbc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":670,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一:","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8eee75e52c114193b8fc7fa44a78a623","width":784},"text":"","id":"doxcnLqHvVHqVUJZywkzAbu2mVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"橡皮:辉柏嘉、樱花。推荐用可塑橡皮,手感很好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2QQrlze2j5nw0nbk8OR73d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸:用A4纸即可,推荐80g的,比市面上常见的70g的手感更好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIEAxjjZQHxKODZHtjAHzeb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法二:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGYNGOzZv0BXraqbIRurwwl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"数位板+台式机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhr2FFGhWbt8f9PCruVRkxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、数位板推荐型号:wocam672,wocam 4100","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG8aWrBa6hg91Srj3IKrjNa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"压感:数位板的压感是敏感度,压感越大,敏感度越好。压感2048可以满足入门级要求、4096可以满足职业级要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhiZBA1lMJXELhpqF5cIFnc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":642,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法二:","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/62198e45791a4266a1de64d201b28ea2","width":1436},"text":"","id":"doxcnvrVo2AyJkGrHtjAo2svr1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、防摔绳,建议配套防摔绳,这样可以让你的笔头不容易摔坏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKiTUpRUZWvJ3TinWypgFog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、台式机\u0026笔记本:32位的内存,intel i5以上的配套即可满足需求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6RFY8IWFWXb0p6YXY7jWpb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法三:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4NkCCtqWRvzeHWEdiPoIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"iPad pro","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoedH5QPr73Hgg6I8XgYYXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、IPad pro有优秀的便捷性,可以替代笔记本电脑。10.5英寸即可满足需求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3165CewvgsZCZ8NlFktRKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ipad+ipencle,可以直接用户绘画;ipad+数位板,ipad当做显示屏,数位板可以当做绘制工具;ipad+mac,可以把ipad当手绘板使用,mac作为显示屏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJgEqOL809qyI7RPsZyl9Fe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":538,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法三:","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4b5888b45af249fd985fac38596fbf41","width":948},"text":"","id":"doxcnXNhAsGRmMjDBJjWsYyKRMb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画好线条","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIPMJWS4oKdn8ogTgyYf0oh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画好线条,是画画的前提。初学者觉得线条难画,是由于刚接触绘画,熟练度不够,画不好是很正常的。随着这量和时间的积累会慢慢变得熟练。我们接下来来学习线条的概念和功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpH0Shag5PSDth7RsJt1KOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可参考视频:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1KL4y1W726/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1KL4y1W726/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S6Modsqk2oekysxmyLbcQxSSnnd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmlHCCcEnrpkbBBHAXS9qph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会画","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"素线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7QVIPS3OfyuxgTsUXNyyMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素线,就是没有变化,干净清晰的单线。素线的绘画,在所有绘画场景应用中都是最基础的一环。绘画好了素线,才能让观众看清楚画的是什么。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5HLXZm732C6Lv7eJ5JmXcg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3upxtPqhc0w4pgs5iX0TSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会定点连线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYE0B5bP74CeJYm8j8NipSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画线,本质上是对两个点的链接。因此,我们需要首先确定两个点在哪里。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYVutbLBq3avmQ6TgsQ7N2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现拿点 a 到点 b 举例,如果先预判的点 a 与点 b 知道他们的位置,那么就能很清晰的连接点 a 与点 b。如果确定点 a但不太确定点 b, 那么就会变成第二条线,杂乱无章。 如果既无法确定点 a, 又无法确定点 b,就会变成第三条线。这两条线都不够清晰。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI2szzYWkLVm6M4m1lYE8Ze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因此,需要学会预判画作,确定点位安排。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniFqqeek4Mo9spsECjo1Goc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":730,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/da21593bdc784db9ad5be4c31578657b","width":1172},"text":"","id":"doxcne4lxsXWR7akIDtRth0b4nh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拓展一下,画一个形状,就是从点 a 到点 abcd, 最终到一幅画的定点连线。所以想画好线条,乃至于想画好一幅画,都要先进行预判,确定画面中所有点的关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn06s3oxHrDqGJ4uOdoSJlng"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/aecda2a4f7a54a4fb7a81a35aa2aafeb","width":1900},"text":"","id":"QYcCde4iUocI2ixKcIWcsIW0nme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPwCEu1XM0yjbESvgoiQVSg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnv7ItulnBamq8ZXEg37KkWc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTRPBubLlV8h31md4b2NO5d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"用石膏进行练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9hBoxRSb3HztTM9DXZ4O1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学者要先从石膏几何体学起,因为他点位明确,结构简单,这种练习需要练习六十小时左右,基本上就可以掌握。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjyV26GXOq5xB98jeIMLcah"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c1474d85788545acbd6b9d1486a4f305","width":1900},"text":"","id":"PSeAdggGqo68MgxSiX8cOx5Vn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWlO0iDq7zfVWtwtVeFv0rk"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntCQnNUlWZlZhtTb5iPQVwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"长线条的绘制","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCsGKR2X3Jeve6c0DPO0I9a"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"长线条的绘画建议使用接线练习法。接线的是指先打好草稿,然后再一小笔接小一笔地去绘制短线段,最后拼出一条长线条,这个技巧要注意的是上笔的尾线要有笔锋,这样接线时不容留出破绽。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3O8JNYXQKRA1vSPzUNevEg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/859b198df7ae4c19a78753d7574f411f","width":1900},"text":"","id":"W8K2dUsSOogssOxYrAZcgwqoncf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQOEjEbAHrd4ixWGj5OGKab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"其他练习方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng1eMXLE921t8HsKK5RykGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三笔定型法:在初学阶段有很多人会有蹭线的习惯,三笔定型法就是强迫自己先看到点位,再去作画,一笔试错两笔纠正,三笔确定超过三笔,就需要提醒一下自己自己是否进入了无脑般的机械作画状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsLhjEWwKUxkrBG7isn7ELh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士:","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d64d184338fa482794f55d5d5c254847","width":1900},"text":"","id":"JIYwd4saYoyOcOxbyJNclXBWnKx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画螺旋以、定点连线、画气字。这些练习非常适合在正式开画前或者自己平时无聊时。 练习三到五分钟,久而久之,就会提升手眼协调能力,以及手部的灵活度。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn75BSzbncQ7EfjuqKDpjPcd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士:","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ab71b3e88614b81a2fef2d986ae4983","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Ra0sd8KUUoguIyxmyRdcwWtsnqh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士:","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/11f54b01dc6e4baf8c8204a6ff6b0782","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Km8Edm0I4oWmAQxOiincE2Fmntg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士:","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/11f54b01dc6e4baf8c8204a6ff6b0782","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Km8Edm0I4oWmAQxOiincE2Fmntg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士:","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e00653ec71764b2d8e5b0aabef5fd09c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Ew20d6As4oKqSaxY7zWcw2IBn1c"}],"text":"","id":"UQOcdU8qSoCUGaxgVAPc1dErneO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UQOcdU8qSoCUGaxgVAPc1dErneO"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDS6DrilGnJuB38zB84z1kc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会画线条的强调性","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmMlJsWlP321PRSvxS7A5Ge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"线条具有强调总结的作用。在同样一组线条中加强某一段了,就会让你注意到它。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQEN5C0IFiQ1rW6hHUrbP6e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法1:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQko8DAkqiiSGcddElCOWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"从外至内线分层法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMottVWR4ogcs0mrxn9ncXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1,以这个人物举例,在素线的基础上先去强调","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"外轮廓","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn253ghDRZdQhUZUjWpzlGMW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2,加强外轮廓之后,你会发现手部埋没在了细节里,无法一眼分辨,那么就需要加强手臂轮廓,让他在重度的线条中跳出称为比外轮廓线细比竖线粗的","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二级线","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRdYp8yjRl7uj4ReoS8D4ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3,按照这个逻辑顺序,接着往下做图。 从外到内,手臂的装饰肯定没有外轮廓和手臂重要,所以接着降级为","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三级线","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",直到最后剩下素线。绘画完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRrnIfXLI7ZIWBPWCTcJKhe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法1:","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7bbfb71cc616414e8bbabab65e22a373","width":1900},"text":"","id":"FKmydC8QcoQqwgx7yeVc043gnHP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法2:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7dNLLaS6d4sGu2fOGxni3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"线条的视觉引导","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnptIRRefu5irwrseR9tinKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"加粗的线条,会引导观众的目光,让他们去关注你想让他们关注的地方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWG8Z4Og9HcV3qYdyCJOq1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以画一个人为例,你的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"主视觉","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"停留是在头手脚上,其次是关节,至于直来直去的手臂与腿部都是一晃而过,不会过多关注。所以我们的线条也应该多在这些视觉停留的点多做文章。首先肯定是将外轮廓加重,同时也加重转折处于关节处以及头手脚,以达到强调和视觉停留的目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndYDkmnTkOAUL9DiPpoRUwg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法2:","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/102d5f8660294705a07c2f09898cd82e","width":1900},"text":"","id":"OGMkdKqKkoi0cIxIZfyc8d63nhc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNmTodJWXnl1e2i7lDatCsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会用线条提现光影","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYN4oTRlPhAE3RnqMPmPFaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"光的强弱与力量感,也可以通过线条的粗细来表现,比如在光强的地方和有张力的事物上,把线条画得细。一些受重力垂坠影响的物体,承受重力的位置笔触重一些。绘画时将他们组合运用,会让线条显得高级。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFJvB6N8GQQGsTDhYkQWo7e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":670,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3:","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8d5c2038252246939af149a77af0f34a","width":1164},"text":"","id":"doxcnWleCxZi1OdgW5YTG5AmyYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5O5n8CiPYgQUWRwq92Ut4c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":544,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3:","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a27bcae5434456186ea43a50e9c8136","width":964},"text":"","id":"doxcniWRJ0owz1YvutXbOOnxmtg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":936,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3:","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cd1e9eb2a1434c86b71a733c751b52dd","width":958},"text":"","id":"doxcn5PWezIKsaIIjozTiBZO0oe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":746,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3:","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/580461fa883841578f0941ad514707ce","width":1832},"text":"","id":"doxcnqc4ajvS5pt8E5RppNEx80d"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx5je3YmzcxdDnfrJAe69Rb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx5je3YmzcxdDnfrJAe69Rb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拿人物举例,在素线的基础上,去观察人体。由于上眼皮、鼻翼、唇线、下巴都有","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"投影","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",需要加重一下,从而体现观感。另外脸部一些转折是骨头,比较重要,也需要加重强调一下。这样效果就会比素线稿好很多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZWnlKETFNeWZXwjihMA1lh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3:","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0508fa7fc99a4b9e9c0fc0b164d0c02c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Fa22deAWeoyKqkxeIXic4xjlnFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拿肌肉来举例,把膨胀的肌肉中间处,画得薄一点来体现肌肉张力。这是美漫经常使用的方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR2g0huA4yHYrZnE7qzTQcG"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3:","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b25ba6f409954ecda857840ec589fc9e","width":1900},"text":"","id":"P6MAdoseSoMue8xCibscub1wnse"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步:开始正式绘画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBFwi8VpHqn6bWqFRm5eTrb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:绘制线稿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfyN8VNRc0m847788RigoFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这一步可以随意一些,大致画出你想要的形状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaQ23GSoymLCFhy9y3FV6Gh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:绘制精草","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnri6fol2oRgyTbopTrryqzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用三笔定型法去绘制精草。这一步要注意不要出现粗细等长的蹭线,不然等到绘画成稿时,无法确定哪一根是正确线条。动笔之前先动了三思而后行。草稿阶段要绘制完所有的正确线,才能算绘制完毕。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFJQnvo53qbTjVXsddxSXUb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:丰富线的内容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPTFp6xQnBOCJaghxazJGEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"确定了线的级别。首先加重了外轮廓、接着去加粗转折部分,比如裤脚的位置。再去加粗一下","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"投影","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的区域,体现一下光感。画到这里,你的线稿基本就算合格了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq5NZH4AstNLFU1X1bubvLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DwuQdS46goocUCxgD3Xc7Q0enNe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":984,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:丰富线的内容","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/32c54bbf585d4734ad0e5e326357833f","width":1784},"text":"","id":"doxcny8D9IFSWUNZYweGy63bKBc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习:线条临摹练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGSGwwNR6HJtFo70ir5eyib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平时适合临摹学习的画师,推荐爱德华吉顿、鸟山明以、金政基这三位前辈的线稿,基本上是万能线。建议临摹一百张以上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHTE4jtGSspClSuo0w8KfWc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":936,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习:线条临摹练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/432b738bef504a6b928039cbaf89c162","width":1578},"text":"","id":"doxcnWP7Mfuar7FGFSTMbnLWkGf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR2DqUoQRO8weH3vcCRaU4f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画形状","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnP7UNLSEwT8AGfEOZ0jRwve"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步:认识形","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8y5ZJmFPv3yYCaaXWj0eBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单地说,画形状是将三维世界通过我们人眼转化为二维画面写在纸上。绘画就是画形状。画面中的形并不只有我们所谓的客观物品,而是二维化的形状拼接。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpjINqFRyEEcoWgNo6ZvXFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1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画完转折点后,整幅画对比一下,调节一下相对位置,就得了准确的形状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE2xBh570iGPgdwXmu2Mwue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4:把转折点连接","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"成素","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWoWzGvFwr9HMOKGI5I0fBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5:补充上阴形的颜色填充,绘画完毕。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneffRH5HA5daVdWT3O5Yvgz"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":912,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步:画准形","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b1e1597935fc47669dc22fc95274b4b4","width":1764},"text":"","id":"doxcnjAPDAb2lnKDU59Fnh1f8ec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOn8McpULDUS3cuhOR4WpDc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAUnmDgBaHvkpJdeTsw6KDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JcmadesgMoyKWOxu8cKcpzv5njb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在二维平面画出三维感的方法,称之为透视。严格来说,透视可以归类为数学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOWRt9jCGXINl2fdR8gcoBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常见的绘画中,会通过物品遮挡来表达体积感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXBIKnsHp6PsyHXMqKlTi5e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":924,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e09bb13f16e049309252cdb64fc1db14","width":1834},"text":"","id":"doxcncCK9CeKLdc45LrFwzYZNSb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":956,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d979092b1b594918ba8c82515552e52a","width":1708},"text":"","id":"doxcnnPUun3hTXFRLEZR2fXGGBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另外,近大远小也是常见的透视方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnv7cpg9DgdR8Snt3zISE2Xc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":802,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/85a6662dbd08431f894732d840ced988","width":1522},"text":"","id":"doxcnaI3FPtoGflxcqiNHKw2JOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其次是,近实远虚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk1NzxQrkaJE4yqpRHrJLch"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":986,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/432038b07c9e4330894ff18a79e74777","width":1766},"text":"","id":"doxcncAW9SESTQMw9mcpX2nyNuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最后,是近疏远密,如图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMlrr6exfpvUUl9jFt8uCrb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":796,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/93b104139dc84e41a92f8c9dcaf50fc2","width":1536},"text":"","id":"doxcnpxmbBicmkBUlzgF9a0uFOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn55FFcubKJaOtdd6mCspkbe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步:学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaVisobxoO9DfBSCiPsjaXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要进行绘画,首先我们要知道什么是视中线,视平线和地平线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlaW65TeotfHRdnq2qsLBjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视平线,就是我们眼睛正视前方的水平线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR95QaxF3KKi7LFe2tHWXUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当视中线、和视频线重合时与我们的眼睛保持水平中立,这种情况叫做平视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkc7RHIPcqK5J9VaMBZ2nyg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":934,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步:学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/16ac05e64a514f9f9a80a684c158e620","width":1876},"text":"","id":"doxcnKmvZId33H19PU6R2MWuUrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当我们向下看时,视线脱离视平线向下,这就是俯视。从眼睛处延伸一条直射于眼睛正在看到的场景。这条线我们称之为是视中线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaAEJuEF48WG9vgFnpEIjnd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":782,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步:学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/675baa2196aa4d9c8214e7682bf7a5b3","width":1828},"text":"","id":"doxcnA7Wg6Dd2oofvNRQPmaNCy5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当我们向上看时,也就是视中线会跟着眼睛一起水平向上脱离视平线,这就是仰视、","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2LunGZaPwqWk3l9T3QHm1c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":916,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步:学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d904eb50f2c44705921d92f72487f83f","width":1790},"text":"","id":"doxcnAl7ORH7ltBfROQVCIwsLCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视中线,是我们的目之所及,会跟着我们的眼睛变化而变化。视平线始终水平,位于眼部位置,它是界定仰视与俯视的一把水平。总的来说,视平线会将画面切割,视平线上便是是仰视。视平线下方便是俯视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhPXYiRXGmH5zOirtERR3Bd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":904,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步:学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9530dda7521f4c559710dc1db8550bed","width":1458},"text":"","id":"doxcnkwGwQtBg6v4IHNx5J8xKEf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步:学会绘制一点透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngVTUHmFyTnJ8w5qUORfJ2f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":906,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步:学会绘制一点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6128873f46034c51b05ec16342ef406b","width":1654},"text":"","id":"doxcn4kMjL8euNUkrc1DQJtMLRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GayudQmqQoGgwOxuMF2c6HD8nob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一点透视,又称平行透视。一点透视只能画出正面朝向你的一面,它是与你的视线平行的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnipbmLlXFDwpvEVhrECcO4e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:画出视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbaOwjjbyhCjKSOQob46Fyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们要首先画出视频线,因为我们要确定一个方形平视还是仰视或是俯视,都需要我们的视频线作为标识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnctRqD2HdXEHFPYvat02qBh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:画出正面的形状","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ9MRy23VNni7eSImBbw3yb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正面是不会产生形变的,因为它是正面对着你、如果你看到是一个方,那么它就是一个方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2GedoGeHdHaziCm5T9rxVd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:找到消失点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnD3PrC0wi5ECTRnI90FGcob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个集中消失的点,我们叫它消失点,就像刚才演示一样,当你看到一个大正面对其他面都是慢慢消失一点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTbJC0o2YZLTWIEQmBtLurC"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4:连接点与消失点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzlvd1VXYURilzjYofYZ0Lb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"连接消失点,画出物品的厚度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbs4ygHhFGDiSScPhtk4bQf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4:连接点与消失点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/391f8e2400754ff68a68a90f4e5bcf14","width":1900},"text":"","id":"MwOyday2IoGOWCxk1c9cjcI1nub"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWKQBLa5IPVWmJ6KC9LkfLf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具1:X工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXnmi8tI8hqQxA85x2QqbId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"X工具的用途是用来找到方形的中点。如图我们看到方形a, 现在我们来看到对角线得到中心点b。 这样同理可用无限循环,找到每一个方形的中点。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnThbyvwwaDqL3nWU9fj9eac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在平面中相等,那么在透视中一样相等。因此我们在一个斜着的方形中画对角线,也可以找到在透视中的方形的中点。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0RdYuJ49ZSKdZB5kRW4Rjf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具1:X工具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/023e2769a1cd448ebdd12d286213ecf0","width":1900},"text":"","id":"UOkod2mwWoumSkxiw2wcYYdwnTb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具2:N工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn19zUExyW6bcBe4GdI70UIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果我们想在透视中画出间隔相等的物体,那么就需要这个N工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3z5kWk6oP6X8b4tc2UA6uf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:首先我们确定我们想要的间距,画出垂线,这就是距离最近方形的第一条边。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFWVX7BDX9SPdc1n08lbREg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:先用X工具,连接原有方形的对角线,这样就找到这个方形的中点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQZzi3KgqkcHZzFI8cbT43"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:从方形的中点,画出一条与透视线平行的线,与方形的边相交得到了点A。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnksuspRImMzxpiG6UR0FVwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4:然后我们再从方形的端点B,延伸到点A,相较于透视线,得到了点C。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl2NkFLefCKPdaveHsJ1Guf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5:从点C出发。画一条与透视线垂直的线,我们就画出来了两个完全相同的方形。重复如此,可以得到多个相同的等距方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneJTW9Y9FQfTQt0kN44dnDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在平面中可以这么复制,在透视中也同理。 因为连接点很像是字母N,所以称之为N工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrJcgFoiGnv81eNMcFbItZc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具2:N工具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/928994deaccf48729156cb827f61d872","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Gyoed4G2ioQ6wSxidhrcYVOXn1x"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士:X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAOoCH7T8x1miUwaGISKE5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们来尝试画一个有许多柱子和吊灯的走廊。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxpLVJ4pbTgkQkHT6V8415f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:我们首先利用N工具来画柱子。确定了柱子之间的间距相同,可以画出多个柱子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5nJx77DLNQCjEEApKqqtJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:然后用X工具来画等。确定每一点灯都在格子中间部位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnh0BaVzIxlzxHTzIm4lNk9q"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:接下来添加一些细节,就完成绘画了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVu7UHpbUZzjThbidK3LWke"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士:X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6dfdb2673c234abb8f8a68beca5bc927","width":1900},"text":"","id":"AA4Uduy6eo2migxiWeDcTsEfn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具3:对角线消失点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniypOVvW1ELhsN25lwk11Pe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们在绘画固定大小的方格时,使用这个方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDSdnjr64EKxLWyeqAaV6JL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:确定视平线,与视平线上的消失点A。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRa0gsRVuQ56iEzn4tXxeZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:接着按照一点透视,连接消失点与方形的端点,确定方格大小。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncQp5vyb1SJevU3lZ1ucMsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:从方形画出对角线,延伸至视平线交叉,得到了对角线消失点B。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE0n2zGHzU1An7uLp1kF7Td"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士:X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2d94ca0fb8a64cb899b22752f805e1f6","width":1900},"text":"","id":"DWQydGKMwoaGIQxqQv1cLCK4nfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4:从方形边角连接点 b ,得到了交叉点 c 和 d 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9LQwZbAxDXUZYpXiBqbSlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士:X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/efa67ace8c3545e4a1c56ece5bf56ffc","width":1900},"text":"","id":"XYC8dyeagoumAMxQlr5cYMPrnng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5:从消失点连接点d,且贯穿。从点 c 出发,横向平行画出平线线。我们就得到了在透视中完全相同的四个方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyghQUvDcai0py5SOi6sy5f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士:X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/58abb58b470448beb7695e931ddf1441","width":1900},"text":"","id":"QaYEd6Q4wok8CExgRWScUEeoneb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤6:重复这个步骤,我们就会得到无数个相同方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMJsJFaYE4wbjJLG8I8Hn6b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士:X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c281039039f4b70beff60e9c461d6ac","width":1900},"text":"","id":"CK8udIaAuo4KmOxI1ctcDfQ3nrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤7:间隔填上颜色,就画出了一个铺好的地板,我们可以把它翻转得到天花板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmCBXDQmTrMms3thtmKAG0c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士:X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/19f912dd5abd426ca25b949d2f8e9b63","width":1900},"text":"","id":"D80Md6Iw6oWs4cxcNnrcO0wXnwc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步:两点透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyLdU88lzjOebFTKjCKrcKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两点透视,特点就是我们人的视线不再和物体平行,而是物体总有一个转折角对着我们。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn03fLBh5PMIdBbKPOl6RMhK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GGmUdi8cAoSigCxS7kicByeVn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:还是先画出视平线。确定消失点H和L。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1ZH6fXsDiz8pPngSr7Vkgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:画出一条垂直线。从这条线的两个端点出发,向两个消失点连线,我们就得到了方程的两个侧面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4jiKUdjixKQHs82x5aKIyb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步:两点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/06635c29d27a4e51a8cd3bf81ff43053","width":1900},"text":"","id":"EiAYdy8MEoOEcaxKu1ScrquJnuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:找到顶点R和K,与消失点点连接支线。R连接H,K连接L。 这样我们就得到一个完整的两点透视方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkicBfETLwdFN0vZK2DxNOd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步:两点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2aa2b433484f4e7db2ad8fae40d04c1d","width":1900},"text":"","id":"GYwmdeIK6oeIcgxIDWZcFvlOn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4:其他角度均是如此。记住,所有的消失点都消失于 ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"hl","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" 两个消失点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnf3d7VTyEnHkTTSGuPn69rb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":938,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步:两点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/40e7d5758a284a3eb323111e6d62b436","width":1750},"text":"","id":"doxcnRiLe66Tlw3C2FCLPz7tyub"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步:一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw7RQEX37mL5zr9P384Psae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们画画时,大部分不可能那么巧都是纯粹的两点透视、一点透视,大部分情况都会同时出现。一点透视和两点透视,一般都是共同同一条视平线。接下来我们来学习怎么画出两种透视同时存在的情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnykzuvOnE63BvVNMv574hMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:画出视平线,确定多个消失点。一个画面可以有多个消失点,但是切记视平线要始终保持不变,且只有一条。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQxbJmSkhdVcsHKdIzx0wEF"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":846,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步:一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d205a0aaaf9f4d62912aa57c380df639","width":1888},"text":"","id":"doxcnEwmdLaTbyQBTOAFNDCcnef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:按照上述教过的方法,画出多个不同的物体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl39FRhaLt1vDwCWWIyjoeh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步:一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e4520eca4cdb4b1b925112d0626cd308","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Sc2gdcSk4o6ggoxkHa2cJ7lCnXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两点透视中的X工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnr0cE2KuuzNDxh7A3kL5meg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、画出视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKNYjM3H2YmNvJlSGvq9yFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、X工具却确定中点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaOdQRRYnBmh7ug8JbRqyVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、连接中点与消失点,就可以平分长方体","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwGagMcv1NvXHQq8loJ9Rlg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步:一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2c6ae11b265486183c0cfe74543362a","width":1900},"text":"","id":"KEkQd64Soo2W2SxyQTDcQrdfnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两点透视中的对角线消失工具,与一点透视同理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjT1JH5tObJIwHV0HN13lQe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"示范练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsvDndyV6MWVsg0RvnM79Yc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步:一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dbea501642e040a39b14b49710bacc17","width":1900},"text":"","id":"W028dwOA4oWIUWxVzF8cEl9Enpt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkjL8coq1hDzK0KfYd7TMhb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步:三点透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntX24R3SHBmhHHKjV2O3snh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三个测试是应用在极仰和极的视角中。即是否有明显的抬头,或者低头的画面中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoVHcQx5AUDJnzaAep0TqPg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1074,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步:三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/afa3da1009434ae8af088cf445ac2aa8","width":1844},"text":"","id":"doxcnsaAjhKuSgnxRsQxke5xJ8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三点透视,有三个消失点,会形成一个三角形。正三角形是仰视,倒三角形是俯视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNXUBoNdk1XbZhJ3MbyRaEf"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步:三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8028724b1bd94131acaefdcb8f142002","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Sm4od2i4IoOIIqx4lX9cdTS6nFh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步:三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/395dff0d62014267ae7ce7c14c53bdc8","width":1900},"text":"","id":"CI6Udm0WQoiaoaxqsdvcheV4nEc"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetzuTlsOEA7m0qeqEglgce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三点透视的特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetzuTlsOEA7m0qeqEglgce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一点透视、两点透视的纵轴是垂直的,只有横轴在变化。三点和两点一点的区别在于,三点的纵轴垂直线不再是平行,而是相交于一点,形成了三个消失点。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCTzPqAlgP2KeooEag93Dbf"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1038,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步:三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/02b2b0b8f6de49589d0cf8ac43f8b435","width":1870},"text":"","id":"doxcnX2yglNzwXK7O6cJbDeUxSe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1016,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步:三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8b5d5538dc8642069d2e88fa70485f0f","width":1898},"text":"","id":"doxcnYPZO4S0JeMfVccFgH8sJ2e"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS1aQPbKYltUXKGTzSOI6od"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"N、X、对角线三工具还是同理、区别在于也是不再具有纵轴垂直线,而是全部相交于纵轴的消失点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS1aQPbKYltUXKGTzSOI6od"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步:三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/73483b1ad7ef4770afb35155e20d099e","width":1900},"text":"","id":"YcUwdW84koeMi2xcTUwcbGqfnpg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步:三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67b17c0d506c4747b9ff14d6e7149de7","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Doi4d0kqmoI6SUxKCZUcl08Onlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步:三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67b17c0d506c4747b9ff14d6e7149de7","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Doi4d0kqmoI6SUxKCZUcl08Onlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步:三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/57a9efd722d34cf88d7bb243aaa6f35c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"EysAdkWGgo42yIxEhctcpyYDnLc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步:三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/57a9efd722d34cf88d7bb243aaa6f35c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"EysAdkWGgo42yIxEhctcpyYDnLc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步:三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/672f313c3cdc460b8e1e2088f69b26ef","width":1900},"text":"","id":"OOusdS6QUocqMixQ9Odc3vXEnZc"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZrwVAvSIpwmKv0yfazaUof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第五步,正式开始作画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZrwVAvSIpwmKv0yfazaUof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1:画出视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1KudFO4DbK3rlqBtibmDVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2:应用对角线消失点画出地板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntGD0EKeCxmMYS50RY8HLgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3:画出人体脚底板的位置,按照透视来确定脚的位置,可以避免人物浮空或者空间错位","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnORw0vYXPl0d33TvYpjEQLj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4:接着画人体。把人体当做好几个几何体的组成,用N工具来确定人体大比例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndZejGfg2BM2RIxs8nBjcTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5:人体细节完善,画出线条、衣物、头发、包等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2SO3C2QaJC7p4tk7ecd8Be"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤6:同理画出其他物品,如小轿车。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnesKjpZnwcNBTGFgLQEtKkg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1012,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第五步,正式开始作画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3347b46442a64ae48aeedecbf7303504","width":1900},"text":"","id":"UIEMdUoaOoQUUUxiqOhc2iXsneg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYfZJVApJPA6nnEUN6DOOFd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习:简单几何体练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7N5pG57TSMdPIQ7MvUIuXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"熟悉透视之后,需要进行几何体多角度翻滚练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzxs1NfaaiLyWkZXbPt1R9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建议每天画一百个左右,坚持两周即可。如果你时间不对,也可以每天画10~20个,需要坚持2-3个月左右。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz9WZtMTzLApMxig0FMqUhe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"方形翻滚作画示例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8mW4Xwi00rXj3fGFJ7Grig"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":836,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习:简单几何体练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ee6f972defc4f7b84014eb176eef07d","width":1766},"text":"","id":"doxcn2FLeXG70xFPEaJCbCh8xDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十字方翻滚多角度作画示例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9kXrxLebrCWyPQhLvQATI5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO83K7PvJcNXevpIP1kbddg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":944,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习:简单几何体练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f72e428c395e4152b641592a9fe588c9","width":1844},"text":"","id":"doxcnFBcDRCijjHdL52TnMPrAtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"方和圆组合翻滚多角度示例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzQBDLPrbO2iRbUeywmV0pf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":936,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习:简单几何体练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f090580165c84eb3b6181caee5551a13","width":1776},"text":"","id":"doxcnDUavHQKMqeIFkjVzrBADtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"方和圆翻滚","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA7uYijLgIYlqxzcCBXKw5g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习:物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0oRteY3QPSVWgwoL7zuq9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接下来我们把难度升级,物体组合练习。我们要将物体转换成几何体,接着再练习方形的翻滚一样,让我们的物体翻滚起来,练习多角度绘画强迫自己在脑中建立三 d 模型的感觉,去考虑同一物体不同角度的形状特点和体积变化。这样的组合练习也需要1~2个月左右(每天如果只有1-2小时,需要练习3~4个月的时间)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEH6TW5hw8Mnn0IGQm7Aigc"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":916,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习:物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/65e74418c1ac425e8496e5e6c7a0b286","width":1816},"text":"","id":"doxcn3eazxmlyoCli6jMps3lQkg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":910,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习:物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e0048eb15281470b9b13a5f119b744ec","width":1846},"text":"","id":"doxcnGTHCOau9vNSRlCjPFDodoc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":910,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习:物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e0048eb15281470b9b13a5f119b744ec","width":1846},"text":"","id":"doxcnGTHCOau9vNSRlCjPFDodoc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":956,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习:物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fd755759b0d24b67b17217261b49749c","width":1878},"text":"","id":"doxcnjB9kbo3KrOW7mx1IuPzMef"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLipSoFgQ8qOKT9xYhktwtd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLipSoFgQ8qOKT9xYhktwtd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj0pi7xcKQq0fs4Y0FxbuNR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aZ4y1k7ze/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CAYSduEuuoMUwQxiYGecHjzTnpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、《像艺术家一样思考》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsDc4VeM19F0k7ab6Papymw"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":734,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b9ddaba65e864180b372c70db73f895f","width":606},"text":"","id":"doxcnTp1ucPivd6dqZlbaByByAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、《透视画法入门》,建议整本通读,每篇都进行临摹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWAT2F4oPk6p8KjGwumrIqc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":674,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/78ab8ab84b0c48cd924d575692e10d3d","width":670},"text":"","id":"doxcnJwYE0jy6V18X1YvETqZvBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、《贝蒂的色彩》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn07fPnU8gdF1Vmz7uUzZtFf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":568,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7cd70b6e955b4296901d43a354e60bd8","width":840},"text":"","id":"doxcnJDwGx237Z7tYa6RUvQo2Jg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、《FIGURE DRAWING》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnncfGHszvN7o6MT3GtjSrmc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":860,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d0c9dbbb768941c7a5b8a1662eddf726","width":628},"text":"","id":"doxcnJrctjsxD2zZcCKEwKAGYmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、《动态素描·人体结构》。通篇阅读,整本临摹。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpzvyKJFFu9f0z60NLX5XTh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":660,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/21c5fe224437415494773901e4b861f5","width":508},"text":"","id":"doxcn8QNDmkGmW2HORwvyoyH3xQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnagDegjMrMDEq8r1acuFfdd"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E