1. 722s分光光度计使用方法
操作基本步骤：
1．开启电源，指示灯亮，仪器预热20分钟，选择开关置于"T"。
2. 调节波长，把测试所需的波长调节至刻度线处。
3. 样品配置好后进行测定前，必须先调“0”，用蒸馏水清洗比色皿若干次后，在比色皿中装入蒸馏水，打开试样室盖（光门自动关闭），调节"0%T"旋钮，使数字显示为"00.0"，盖上样品室盖，将参比溶液比色皿置于光路，调节透过率"100%T"旋钮，使数字显示为"100.0T"，重复几次调好为止。
4. 进行样品的测量，用样品溶液清洗比色皿数次，然后将被测溶液置于光路中，数字表上直接读出被测溶液的吸光度值。（样品需做平行试验求吸光度平均值）
5. 记录数据，根据公式计算出结果。
6. 测定完成后关上试样室盖，清洗比色皿，关闭开关和电源。
2. 722s可见分光度计使用方法
722s分光光度计由：由光源、单色器、比色皿和检测器四部分构成。
3. 722s分光光度计的使用方法
722s是单通数位置。而722n分光光度计是双通数位置。
4. 722s分光光度计的使用
答 ：
一、开机测定样品的吸光度 【】开机预热约半小时； 【】检验最大吸收波长的准确性； 【】检验比色皿的配对性； 【】选定要求的波长，用蒸馏水调100%，再检查A=0.000 【】选择参比溶液调零，再测定待测液的吸光度。
：
二、结果计算 【】按照方法标准进行测定、计算结果
5. 722sp分光光度计
大部分人认为学画画，认为需要学3-5年，但其实不是这样的。
新手入门画画只需要从简单的线条开始练习，感受光影，逐步进行形状与体积的练习，便可掌握画画的基础。
下面让我们一起来学习吧！
如何准备工具
方法一：
纸笔
推荐使用铅笔、自动铅笔。
常用品牌：樱花牌、斑马牌。常见规格：0.5mm，0.8mm。
笔芯：辉柏嘉、樱花牌
橡皮：辉柏嘉、樱花。推荐用可塑橡皮，手感很好。
纸：用A4纸即可，推荐80g的，比市面上常见的70g的手感更好。
方法二：
数位板+台式机
1、数位板推荐型号：wocam672，wocam 4100
压感：数位板的压感是敏感度，压感越大，敏感度越好。压感2048可以满足入门级要求、4096可以满足职业级要求。
2、防摔绳，建议配套防摔绳，这样可以让你的笔头不容易摔坏。
3、台式机&笔记本：32位的内存，intel i5以上的配套即可满足需求。
方法三：
iPad pro
1、IPad pro有优秀的便捷性，可以替代笔记本电脑。10.5英寸即可满足需求。
ipad+ipencle，可以直接用户绘画；ipad+数位板，ipad当做显示屏，数位板可以当做绘制工具；ipad+mac，可以把ipad当手绘板使用，mac作为显示屏
如何画好线条
画好线条，是画画的前提。初学者觉得线条难画，是由于刚接触绘画，熟练度不够，画不好是很正常的。随着这量和时间的积累会慢慢变得熟练。我们接下来来学习线条的概念和功能。
可参考视频：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1KL4y1W726/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
第一步：
学会画素线
素线，就是没有变化，干净清晰的单线。素线的绘画，在所有绘画场景应用中都是最基础的一环。绘画好了素线，才能让观众看清楚画的是什么。
步骤1
学会定点连线
画线，本质上是对两个点的链接。因此，我们需要首先确定两个点在哪里。
现拿点 a 到点 b 举例，如果先预判的点 a 与点 b 知道他们的位置，那么就能很清晰的连接点 a 与点 b。如果确定点 a但不太确定点 b， 那么就会变成第二条线，杂乱无章。 如果既无法确定点 a， 又无法确定点 b，就会变成第三条线。这两条线都不够清晰。
因此，需要学会预判画作，确定点位安排。
拓展一下，画一个形状，就是从点 a 到点 abcd， 最终到一幅画的定点连线。所以想画好线条，乃至于想画好一幅画，都要先进行预判，确定画面中所有点的关系。
步骤2
用石膏进行练习
初学者要先从石膏几何体学起，因为他点位明确，结构简单，这种练习需要练习六十小时左右，基本上就可以掌握。
步骤3
长线条的绘制
长线条的绘画建议使用接线练习法。接线的是指先打好草稿，然后再一小笔接小一笔地去绘制短线段，最后拼出一条长线条，这个技巧要注意的是上笔的尾线要有笔锋，这样接线时不容留出破绽。
小贴士：
其他练习方法
三笔定型法：在初学阶段有很多人会有蹭线的习惯，三笔定型法就是强迫自己先看到点位，再去作画，一笔试错两笔纠正，三笔确定超过三笔，就需要提醒一下自己自己是否进入了无脑般的机械作画状态。
画螺旋以、定点连线、画气字。这些练习非常适合在正式开画前或者自己平时无聊时。 练习三到五分钟，久而久之，就会提升手眼协调能力，以及手部的灵活度。
第二步：
学会画线条的强调性
线条具有强调总结的作用。在同样一组线条中加强某一段了，就会让你注意到它。
方法1：
从外至内线分层法
步骤1，以这个人物举例，在素线的基础上先去强调外轮廓。
步骤2，加强外轮廓之后，你会发现手部埋没在了细节里，无法一眼分辨，那么就需要加强手臂轮廓，让他在重度的线条中跳出称为比外轮廓线细比竖线粗的二级线。
步骤3，按照这个逻辑顺序，接着往下做图。 从外到内，手臂的装饰肯定没有外轮廓和手臂重要，所以接着降级为三级线，直到最后剩下素线。绘画完成。
方法2：
线条的视觉引导
加粗的线条，会引导观众的目光，让他们去关注你想让他们关注的地方。
以画一个人为例，你的主视觉停留是在头手脚上，其次是关节，至于直来直去的手臂与腿部都是一晃而过，不会过多关注。所以我们的线条也应该多在这些视觉停留的点多做文章。首先肯定是将外轮廓加重，同时也加重转折处于关节处以及头手脚，以达到强调和视觉停留的目的。
方法3：
学会用线条提现光影
光的强弱与力量感，也可以通过线条的粗细来表现，比如在光强的地方和有张力的事物上，把线条画得细。一些受重力垂坠影响的物体，承受重力的位置笔触重一些。绘画时将他们组合运用，会让线条显得高级。
拿人物举例，在素线的基础上，去观察人体。由于上眼皮、鼻翼、唇线、下巴都有投影，需要加重一下，从而体现观感。另外脸部一些转折是骨头，比较重要，也需要加重强调一下。这样效果就会比素线稿好很多。
拿肌肉来举例，把膨胀的肌肉中间处，画得薄一点来体现肌肉张力。这是美漫经常使用的方法
第三步：开始正式绘画
步骤1：绘制线稿
这一步可以随意一些，大致画出你想要的形状。
步骤2：绘制精草
用三笔定型法去绘制精草。这一步要注意不要出现粗细等长的蹭线，不然等到绘画成稿时，无法确定哪一根是正确线条。动笔之前先动了三思而后行。草稿阶段要绘制完所有的正确线，才能算绘制完毕。
步骤3：丰富线的内容
确定了线的级别。首先加重了外轮廓、接着去加粗转折部分，比如裤脚的位置。再去加粗一下投影的区域，体现一下光感。画到这里，你的线稿基本就算合格了。
练习：线条临摹练习
平时适合临摹学习的画师，推荐爱德华吉顿、鸟山明以、金政基这三位前辈的线稿，基本上是万能线。建议临摹一百张以上。
如何画形状
第一步：认识形
简单地说，画形状是将三维世界通过我们人眼转化为二维画面写在纸上。绘画就是画形状。画面中的形并不只有我们所谓的客观物品，而是二维化的形状拼接。
视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1G5411n7dM/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
第二步：确定形
方法一：阴阳型
这个是一个万金油工具。我们可以把任何一个画面拆分为阴形，阳形，用这两个形状，来互相辩证画面是否正确。
方法二：九宫格起型法
将一幅画打上格子，在另外一个同样格子的图纸中，按照坐标一格一格的画，就可以把一幅画临摹出来。
第三步：画准形
步骤1：用阴阳型画法。画出线条，区分出画面整体的阴形和阳形。
步骤2：继续用阴阳型画法，用先大后小的原则，将大块的形状划分出来。
步骤3：用九宫格画法，开始绘制细节。找到鼻子、嘴角、眼角这些转折，画上定型点位。 画完转折点后，整幅画对比一下，调节一下相对位置，就得了准确的形状。
步骤4：把转折点连接成素线。
步骤5：补充上阴形的颜色填充，绘画完毕。
如何画体积
视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
在二维平面画出三维感的方法，称之为透视。严格来说，透视可以归类为数学。
常见的绘画中，会通过物品遮挡来表达体积感。
另外，近大远小也是常见的透视方法。
其次是，近实远虚。
最后，是近疏远密，如图。
第一步：学习什么是视平线
要进行绘画，首先我们要知道什么是视中线，视平线和地平线。
视平线，就是我们眼睛正视前方的水平线。
当视中线、和视频线重合时与我们的眼睛保持水平中立，这种情况叫做平视。
当我们向下看时，视线脱离视平线向下，这就是俯视。从眼睛处延伸一条直射于眼睛正在看到的场景。这条线我们称之为是视中线。
当我们向上看时，也就是视中线会跟着眼睛一起水平向上脱离视平线，这就是仰视、
视中线，是我们的目之所及，会跟着我们的眼睛变化而变化。视平线始终水平，位于眼部位置，它是界定仰视与俯视的一把水平。总的来说，视平线会将画面切割，视平线上便是是仰视。视平线下方便是俯视。
第二步：学会绘制一点透视
一点透视，又称平行透视。一点透视只能画出正面朝向你的一面，它是与你的视线平行的。
步骤1：画出视平线
我们要首先画出视频线，因为我们要确定一个方形平视还是仰视或是俯视，都需要我们的视频线作为标识。
步骤2：画出正面的形状
正面是不会产生形变的，因为它是正面对着你、如果你看到是一个方，那么它就是一个方。
步骤3：找到消失点
这个集中消失的点，我们叫它消失点，就像刚才演示一样，当你看到一个大正面对其他面都是慢慢消失一点
步骤4：连接点与消失点
连接消失点，画出物品的厚度
常用工具1：X工具
X工具的用途是用来找到方形的中点。如图我们看到方形a， 现在我们来看到对角线得到中心点b。 这样同理可用无限循环，找到每一个方形的中点。
在平面中相等，那么在透视中一样相等。因此我们在一个斜着的方形中画对角线，也可以找到在透视中的方形的中点。
常用工具2：N工具
如果我们想在透视中画出间隔相等的物体，那么就需要这个N工具。
步骤1：首先我们确定我们想要的间距，画出垂线，这就是距离最近方形的第一条边。
步骤2：先用X工具，连接原有方形的对角线，这样就找到这个方形的中点。
步骤3：从方形的中点，画出一条与透视线平行的线，与方形的边相交得到了点A。
步骤4：然后我们再从方形的端点B，延伸到点A，相较于透视线，得到了点C。
步骤5：从点C出发。画一条与透视线垂直的线，我们就画出来了两个完全相同的方形。重复如此，可以得到多个相同的等距方形。
在平面中可以这么复制，在透视中也同理。 因为连接点很像是字母N，所以称之为N工具。
小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范
我们来尝试画一个有许多柱子和吊灯的走廊。
步骤1：我们首先利用N工具来画柱子。确定了柱子之间的间距相同，可以画出多个柱子。
步骤2：然后用X工具来画等。确定每一点灯都在格子中间部位。
步骤3：接下来添加一些细节，就完成绘画了。
常用工具3：对角线消失点
我们在绘画固定大小的方格时，使用这个方法。
步骤1：确定视平线，与视平线上的消失点A。
步骤2：接着按照一点透视，连接消失点与方形的端点，确定方格大小。
步骤3：从方形画出对角线，延伸至视平线交叉，得到了对角线消失点B。
步骤4：从方形边角连接点 b ，得到了交叉点 c 和 d 。
步骤5：从消失点连接点d，且贯穿。从点 c 出发，横向平行画出平线线。我们就得到了在透视中完全相同的四个方形。
步骤6：重复这个步骤，我们就会得到无数个相同方形。
步骤7：间隔填上颜色，就画出了一个铺好的地板，我们可以把它翻转得到天花板。
第二步：两点透视
两点透视，特点就是我们人的视线不再和物体平行，而是物体总有一个转折角对着我们。
视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
步骤1：还是先画出视平线。确定消失点H和L。
步骤2：画出一条垂直线。从这条线的两个端点出发，向两个消失点连线，我们就得到了方程的两个侧面
步骤3：找到顶点R和K，与消失点点连接支线。R连接H，K连接L。 这样我们就得到一个完整的两点透视方形。
步骤4：其他角度均是如此。记住，所有的消失点都消失于 hl 两个消失点。
第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现
我们画画时，大部分不可能那么巧都是纯粹的两点透视、一点透视，大部分情况都会同时出现。一点透视和两点透视，一般都是共同同一条视平线。接下来我们来学习怎么画出两种透视同时存在的情况。
步骤1：画出视平线，确定多个消失点。一个画面可以有多个消失点，但是切记视平线要始终保持不变，且只有一条。
步骤2：按照上述教过的方法，画出多个不同的物体。
两点透视中的X工具
1、画出视平线
2、X工具却确定中点
3、连接中点与消失点，就可以平分长方体
两点透视中的对角线消失工具，与一点透视同理
示范练
第四步：三点透视
三个测试是应用在极仰和极的视角中。即是否有明显的抬头，或者低头的画面中。
三点透视，有三个消失点，会形成一个三角形。正三角形是仰视，倒三角形是俯视。
三点透视的特点
一点透视、两点透视的纵轴是垂直的，只有横轴在变化。三点和两点一点的区别在于，三点的纵轴垂直线不再是平行，而是相交于一点，形成了三个消失点。
N、X、对角线三工具还是同理、区别在于也是不再具有纵轴垂直线，而是全部相交于纵轴的消失点。
第五步，正式开始作画
步骤1：画出视平线
步骤2：应用对角线消失点画出地板
步骤3：画出人体脚底板的位置，按照透视来确定脚的位置，可以避免人物浮空或者空间错位
步骤4：接着画人体。把人体当做好几个几何体的组成，用N工具来确定人体大比例
步骤5：人体细节完善，画出线条、衣物、头发、包等。
步骤6：同理画出其他物品，如小轿车。
练习：简单几何体练习
熟悉透视之后，需要进行几何体多角度翻滚练习。
建议每天画一百个左右，坚持两周即可。如果你时间不对，也可以每天画10~20个，需要坚持2-3个月左右。
方形翻滚作画示例
十字方翻滚多角度作画示例
方和圆组合翻滚多角度示例
方和圆翻滚
练习：物体/物体几何练习
接下来我们把难度升级，物体组合练习。我们要将物体转换成几何体，接着再练习方形的翻滚一样，让我们的物体翻滚起来，练习多角度绘画强迫自己在脑中建立三 d 模型的感觉，去考虑同一物体不同角度的形状特点和体积变化。这样的组合练习也需要1~2个月左右（每天如果只有1-2小时，需要练习3~4个月的时间）。
推荐图书
视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aZ4y1k7ze/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
1、《像艺术家一样思考》
2、《透视画法入门》，建议整本通读，每篇都进行临摹
3、《贝蒂的色彩》
4、《FIGURE DRAWING》
5、《动态素描·人体结构》。通篇阅读，整本临摹。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CuIadOq46oeOswxayo7cKSUUn9f"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"大部分人认为学画画，认为需要学3-5年，但其实不是这样的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqhtwRKPfJbeqLc6Vcw3dBc"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"新手入门画画只需要从简单的线条开始练习，感受光影，逐步进行形状与体积的练习，便可掌握画画的基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2p4eK7DQc5WTJZmg40fB4e"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面让我们一起来学习吧！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqCAjosaqrs69QYog88Y8Td"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDX4wMoe1Yi6D6ttkJQlkrh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何准备工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWMOxKHqBaxC6ecgmCCiWYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntgCdwVm8ke5FPkoStp2glc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"纸笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnd9gTOkfB9uF9jtVG9orIyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐使用铅笔、自动铅笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJPmVfWydzgjrcqdKJLQHQ9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用品牌：樱花牌、斑马牌。常见规格：0.5mm，0.8","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"mm","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhJlo1CwjMcrSW9APzWXIj5"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":618,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3a22c3c8b19f40ea861909355be7530f","width":1780},"text":"","id":"doxcnERzNY5StM814GCj32d2Mze"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":610,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/73e99e0c0b7c47a9a2f50b67b70b2434","width":1658},"text":"","id":"doxcn8YmXouC54AokD30YNgkojh"}],"text":"","id":"doxcn02rNudrvvbB34maqtqMhIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔芯：辉柏嘉、樱花牌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn02rNudrvvbB34maqtqMhIc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":846,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0e9faec6c6644abb94d20923311d65ee","width":1018},"text":"","id":"doxcnUeP1t9ygiDhUFx4XWKscbc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":670,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8eee75e52c114193b8fc7fa44a78a623","width":784},"text":"","id":"doxcnLqHvVHqVUJZywkzAbu2mVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"橡皮：辉柏嘉、樱花。推荐用可塑橡皮，手感很好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2QQrlze2j5nw0nbk8OR73d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸：用A4纸即可，推荐80g的，比市面上常见的70g的手感更好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIEAxjjZQHxKODZHtjAHzeb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法二：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGYNGOzZv0BXraqbIRurwwl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"数位板+台式机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhr2FFGhWbt8f9PCruVRkxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、数位板推荐型号：wocam672，wocam 4100","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG8aWrBa6hg91Srj3IKrjNa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"压感：数位板的压感是敏感度，压感越大，敏感度越好。压感2048可以满足入门级要求、4096可以满足职业级要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhiZBA1lMJXELhpqF5cIFnc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":642,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法二：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/62198e45791a4266a1de64d201b28ea2","width":1436},"text":"","id":"doxcnvrVo2AyJkGrHtjAo2svr1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、防摔绳，建议配套防摔绳，这样可以让你的笔头不容易摔坏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKiTUpRUZWvJ3TinWypgFog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、台式机\u0026笔记本：32位的内存，intel i5以上的配套即可满足需求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6RFY8IWFWXb0p6YXY7jWpb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法三：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4NkCCtqWRvzeHWEdiPoIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"iPad pro","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoedH5QPr73Hgg6I8XgYYXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、IPad pro有优秀的便捷性，可以替代笔记本电脑。10.5英寸即可满足需求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3165CewvgsZCZ8NlFktRKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ipad+ipencle，可以直接用户绘画；ipad+数位板，ipad当做显示屏，数位板可以当做绘制工具；ipad+mac，可以把ipad当手绘板使用，mac作为显示屏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJgEqOL809qyI7RPsZyl9Fe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":538,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法三：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4b5888b45af249fd985fac38596fbf41","width":948},"text":"","id":"doxcnXNhAsGRmMjDBJjWsYyKRMb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画好线条","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIPMJWS4oKdn8ogTgyYf0oh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画好线条，是画画的前提。初学者觉得线条难画，是由于刚接触绘画，熟练度不够，画不好是很正常的。随着这量和时间的积累会慢慢变得熟练。我们接下来来学习线条的概念和功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpH0Shag5PSDth7RsJt1KOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可参考视频：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1KL4y1W726/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1KL4y1W726/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S6Modsqk2oekysxmyLbcQxSSnnd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmlHCCcEnrpkbBBHAXS9qph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会画","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"素线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7QVIPS3OfyuxgTsUXNyyMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素线，就是没有变化，干净清晰的单线。素线的绘画，在所有绘画场景应用中都是最基础的一环。绘画好了素线，才能让观众看清楚画的是什么。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5HLXZm732C6Lv7eJ5JmXcg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3upxtPqhc0w4pgs5iX0TSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会定点连线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYE0B5bP74CeJYm8j8NipSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画线，本质上是对两个点的链接。因此，我们需要首先确定两个点在哪里。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYVutbLBq3avmQ6TgsQ7N2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现拿点 a 到点 b 举例，如果先预判的点 a 与点 b 知道他们的位置，那么就能很清晰的连接点 a 与点 b。如果确定点 a但不太确定点 b， 那么就会变成第二条线，杂乱无章。 如果既无法确定点 a， 又无法确定点 b，就会变成第三条线。这两条线都不够清晰。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI2szzYWkLVm6M4m1lYE8Ze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因此，需要学会预判画作，确定点位安排。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniFqqeek4Mo9spsECjo1Goc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":730,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/da21593bdc784db9ad5be4c31578657b","width":1172},"text":"","id":"doxcne4lxsXWR7akIDtRth0b4nh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拓展一下，画一个形状，就是从点 a 到点 abcd， 最终到一幅画的定点连线。所以想画好线条，乃至于想画好一幅画，都要先进行预判，确定画面中所有点的关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn06s3oxHrDqGJ4uOdoSJlng"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/aecda2a4f7a54a4fb7a81a35aa2aafeb","width":1900},"text":"","id":"QYcCde4iUocI2ixKcIWcsIW0nme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPwCEu1XM0yjbESvgoiQVSg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnv7ItulnBamq8ZXEg37KkWc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTRPBubLlV8h31md4b2NO5d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"用石膏进行练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9hBoxRSb3HztTM9DXZ4O1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学者要先从石膏几何体学起，因为他点位明确，结构简单，这种练习需要练习六十小时左右，基本上就可以掌握。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjyV26GXOq5xB98jeIMLcah"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c1474d85788545acbd6b9d1486a4f305","width":1900},"text":"","id":"PSeAdggGqo68MgxSiX8cOx5Vn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWlO0iDq7zfVWtwtVeFv0rk"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntCQnNUlWZlZhtTb5iPQVwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"长线条的绘制","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCsGKR2X3Jeve6c0DPO0I9a"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"长线条的绘画建议使用接线练习法。接线的是指先打好草稿，然后再一小笔接小一笔地去绘制短线段，最后拼出一条长线条，这个技巧要注意的是上笔的尾线要有笔锋，这样接线时不容留出破绽。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3O8JNYXQKRA1vSPzUNevEg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/859b198df7ae4c19a78753d7574f411f","width":1900},"text":"","id":"W8K2dUsSOogssOxYrAZcgwqoncf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQOEjEbAHrd4ixWGj5OGKab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"其他练习方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng1eMXLE921t8HsKK5RykGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三笔定型法：在初学阶段有很多人会有蹭线的习惯，三笔定型法就是强迫自己先看到点位，再去作画，一笔试错两笔纠正，三笔确定超过三笔，就需要提醒一下自己自己是否进入了无脑般的机械作画状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsLhjEWwKUxkrBG7isn7ELh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d64d184338fa482794f55d5d5c254847","width":1900},"text":"","id":"JIYwd4saYoyOcOxbyJNclXBWnKx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画螺旋以、定点连线、画气字。这些练习非常适合在正式开画前或者自己平时无聊时。 练习三到五分钟，久而久之，就会提升手眼协调能力，以及手部的灵活度。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn75BSzbncQ7EfjuqKDpjPcd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ab71b3e88614b81a2fef2d986ae4983","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Ra0sd8KUUoguIyxmyRdcwWtsnqh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/11f54b01dc6e4baf8c8204a6ff6b0782","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Km8Edm0I4oWmAQxOiincE2Fmntg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/11f54b01dc6e4baf8c8204a6ff6b0782","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Km8Edm0I4oWmAQxOiincE2Fmntg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e00653ec71764b2d8e5b0aabef5fd09c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Ew20d6As4oKqSaxY7zWcw2IBn1c"}],"text":"","id":"UQOcdU8qSoCUGaxgVAPc1dErneO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UQOcdU8qSoCUGaxgVAPc1dErneO"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDS6DrilGnJuB38zB84z1kc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会画线条的强调性","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmMlJsWlP321PRSvxS7A5Ge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"线条具有强调总结的作用。在同样一组线条中加强某一段了，就会让你注意到它。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQEN5C0IFiQ1rW6hHUrbP6e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法1：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQko8DAkqiiSGcddElCOWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"从外至内线分层法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMottVWR4ogcs0mrxn9ncXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1，以这个人物举例，在素线的基础上先去强调","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"外轮廓","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn253ghDRZdQhUZUjWpzlGMW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2，加强外轮廓之后，你会发现手部埋没在了细节里，无法一眼分辨，那么就需要加强手臂轮廓，让他在重度的线条中跳出称为比外轮廓线细比竖线粗的","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二级线","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRdYp8yjRl7uj4ReoS8D4ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3，按照这个逻辑顺序，接着往下做图。 从外到内，手臂的装饰肯定没有外轮廓和手臂重要，所以接着降级为","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三级线","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，直到最后剩下素线。绘画完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRrnIfXLI7ZIWBPWCTcJKhe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法1：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7bbfb71cc616414e8bbabab65e22a373","width":1900},"text":"","id":"FKmydC8QcoQqwgx7yeVc043gnHP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法2：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7dNLLaS6d4sGu2fOGxni3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"线条的视觉引导","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnptIRRefu5irwrseR9tinKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"加粗的线条，会引导观众的目光，让他们去关注你想让他们关注的地方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWG8Z4Og9HcV3qYdyCJOq1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以画一个人为例，你的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"主视觉","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"停留是在头手脚上，其次是关节，至于直来直去的手臂与腿部都是一晃而过，不会过多关注。所以我们的线条也应该多在这些视觉停留的点多做文章。首先肯定是将外轮廓加重，同时也加重转折处于关节处以及头手脚，以达到强调和视觉停留的目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndYDkmnTkOAUL9DiPpoRUwg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法2：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/102d5f8660294705a07c2f09898cd82e","width":1900},"text":"","id":"OGMkdKqKkoi0cIxIZfyc8d63nhc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNmTodJWXnl1e2i7lDatCsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会用线条提现光影","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYN4oTRlPhAE3RnqMPmPFaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"光的强弱与力量感，也可以通过线条的粗细来表现，比如在光强的地方和有张力的事物上，把线条画得细。一些受重力垂坠影响的物体，承受重力的位置笔触重一些。绘画时将他们组合运用，会让线条显得高级。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFJvB6N8GQQGsTDhYkQWo7e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":670,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8d5c2038252246939af149a77af0f34a","width":1164},"text":"","id":"doxcnWleCxZi1OdgW5YTG5AmyYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5O5n8CiPYgQUWRwq92Ut4c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":544,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a27bcae5434456186ea43a50e9c8136","width":964},"text":"","id":"doxcniWRJ0owz1YvutXbOOnxmtg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":936,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cd1e9eb2a1434c86b71a733c751b52dd","width":958},"text":"","id":"doxcn5PWezIKsaIIjozTiBZO0oe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":746,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/580461fa883841578f0941ad514707ce","width":1832},"text":"","id":"doxcnqc4ajvS5pt8E5RppNEx80d"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx5je3YmzcxdDnfrJAe69Rb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx5je3YmzcxdDnfrJAe69Rb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拿人物举例，在素线的基础上，去观察人体。由于上眼皮、鼻翼、唇线、下巴都有","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"投影","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，需要加重一下，从而体现观感。另外脸部一些转折是骨头，比较重要，也需要加重强调一下。这样效果就会比素线稿好很多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZWnlKETFNeWZXwjihMA1lh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0508fa7fc99a4b9e9c0fc0b164d0c02c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Fa22deAWeoyKqkxeIXic4xjlnFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拿肌肉来举例，把膨胀的肌肉中间处，画得薄一点来体现肌肉张力。这是美漫经常使用的方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR2g0huA4yHYrZnE7qzTQcG"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b25ba6f409954ecda857840ec589fc9e","width":1900},"text":"","id":"P6MAdoseSoMue8xCibscub1wnse"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：开始正式绘画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBFwi8VpHqn6bWqFRm5eTrb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：绘制线稿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfyN8VNRc0m847788RigoFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这一步可以随意一些，大致画出你想要的形状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaQ23GSoymLCFhy9y3FV6Gh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：绘制精草","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnri6fol2oRgyTbopTrryqzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用三笔定型法去绘制精草。这一步要注意不要出现粗细等长的蹭线，不然等到绘画成稿时，无法确定哪一根是正确线条。动笔之前先动了三思而后行。草稿阶段要绘制完所有的正确线，才能算绘制完毕。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFJQnvo53qbTjVXsddxSXUb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：丰富线的内容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPTFp6xQnBOCJaghxazJGEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"确定了线的级别。首先加重了外轮廓、接着去加粗转折部分，比如裤脚的位置。再去加粗一下","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"投影","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的区域，体现一下光感。画到这里，你的线稿基本就算合格了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq5NZH4AstNLFU1X1bubvLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DwuQdS46goocUCxgD3Xc7Q0enNe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":984,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：丰富线的内容","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/32c54bbf585d4734ad0e5e326357833f","width":1784},"text":"","id":"doxcny8D9IFSWUNZYweGy63bKBc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：线条临摹练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGSGwwNR6HJtFo70ir5eyib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平时适合临摹学习的画师，推荐爱德华吉顿、鸟山明以、金政基这三位前辈的线稿，基本上是万能线。建议临摹一百张以上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHTE4jtGSspClSuo0w8KfWc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":936,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：线条临摹练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/432b738bef504a6b928039cbaf89c162","width":1578},"text":"","id":"doxcnWP7Mfuar7FGFSTMbnLWkGf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR2DqUoQRO8weH3vcCRaU4f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画形状","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnP7UNLSEwT8AGfEOZ0jRwve"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：认识形","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8y5ZJmFPv3yYCaaXWj0eBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单地说，画形状是将三维世界通过我们人眼转化为二维画面写在纸上。绘画就是画形状。画面中的形并不只有我们所谓的客观物品，而是二维化的形状拼接。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpjINqFRyEEcoWgNo6ZvXFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1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画完转折点后，整幅画对比一下，调节一下相对位置，就得了准确的形状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE2xBh570iGPgdwXmu2Mwue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：把转折点连接","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"成素","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWoWzGvFwr9HMOKGI5I0fBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5：补充上阴形的颜色填充，绘画完毕。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneffRH5HA5daVdWT3O5Yvgz"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":912,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：画准形","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b1e1597935fc47669dc22fc95274b4b4","width":1764},"text":"","id":"doxcnjAPDAb2lnKDU59Fnh1f8ec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOn8McpULDUS3cuhOR4WpDc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAUnmDgBaHvkpJdeTsw6KDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JcmadesgMoyKWOxu8cKcpzv5njb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在二维平面画出三维感的方法，称之为透视。严格来说，透视可以归类为数学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOWRt9jCGXINl2fdR8gcoBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常见的绘画中，会通过物品遮挡来表达体积感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXBIKnsHp6PsyHXMqKlTi5e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":924,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e09bb13f16e049309252cdb64fc1db14","width":1834},"text":"","id":"doxcncCK9CeKLdc45LrFwzYZNSb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":956,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d979092b1b594918ba8c82515552e52a","width":1708},"text":"","id":"doxcnnPUun3hTXFRLEZR2fXGGBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另外，近大远小也是常见的透视方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnv7cpg9DgdR8Snt3zISE2Xc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":802,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/85a6662dbd08431f894732d840ced988","width":1522},"text":"","id":"doxcnaI3FPtoGflxcqiNHKw2JOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其次是，近实远虚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk1NzxQrkaJE4yqpRHrJLch"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":986,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/432038b07c9e4330894ff18a79e74777","width":1766},"text":"","id":"doxcncAW9SESTQMw9mcpX2nyNuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最后，是近疏远密，如图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMlrr6exfpvUUl9jFt8uCrb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":796,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/93b104139dc84e41a92f8c9dcaf50fc2","width":1536},"text":"","id":"doxcnpxmbBicmkBUlzgF9a0uFOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn55FFcubKJaOtdd6mCspkbe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaVisobxoO9DfBSCiPsjaXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要进行绘画，首先我们要知道什么是视中线，视平线和地平线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlaW65TeotfHRdnq2qsLBjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视平线，就是我们眼睛正视前方的水平线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR95QaxF3KKi7LFe2tHWXUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当视中线、和视频线重合时与我们的眼睛保持水平中立，这种情况叫做平视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkc7RHIPcqK5J9VaMBZ2nyg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":934,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/16ac05e64a514f9f9a80a684c158e620","width":1876},"text":"","id":"doxcnKmvZId33H19PU6R2MWuUrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当我们向下看时，视线脱离视平线向下，这就是俯视。从眼睛处延伸一条直射于眼睛正在看到的场景。这条线我们称之为是视中线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaAEJuEF48WG9vgFnpEIjnd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":782,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/675baa2196aa4d9c8214e7682bf7a5b3","width":1828},"text":"","id":"doxcnA7Wg6Dd2oofvNRQPmaNCy5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当我们向上看时，也就是视中线会跟着眼睛一起水平向上脱离视平线，这就是仰视、","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2LunGZaPwqWk3l9T3QHm1c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":916,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d904eb50f2c44705921d92f72487f83f","width":1790},"text":"","id":"doxcnAl7ORH7ltBfROQVCIwsLCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视中线，是我们的目之所及，会跟着我们的眼睛变化而变化。视平线始终水平，位于眼部位置，它是界定仰视与俯视的一把水平。总的来说，视平线会将画面切割，视平线上便是是仰视。视平线下方便是俯视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhPXYiRXGmH5zOirtERR3Bd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":904,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9530dda7521f4c559710dc1db8550bed","width":1458},"text":"","id":"doxcnkwGwQtBg6v4IHNx5J8xKEf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：学会绘制一点透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngVTUHmFyTnJ8w5qUORfJ2f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":906,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：学会绘制一点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6128873f46034c51b05ec16342ef406b","width":1654},"text":"","id":"doxcn4kMjL8euNUkrc1DQJtMLRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GayudQmqQoGgwOxuMF2c6HD8nob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一点透视，又称平行透视。一点透视只能画出正面朝向你的一面，它是与你的视线平行的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnipbmLlXFDwpvEVhrECcO4e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：画出视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbaOwjjbyhCjKSOQob46Fyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们要首先画出视频线，因为我们要确定一个方形平视还是仰视或是俯视，都需要我们的视频线作为标识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnctRqD2HdXEHFPYvat02qBh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：画出正面的形状","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ9MRy23VNni7eSImBbw3yb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正面是不会产生形变的，因为它是正面对着你、如果你看到是一个方，那么它就是一个方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2GedoGeHdHaziCm5T9rxVd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：找到消失点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnD3PrC0wi5ECTRnI90FGcob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个集中消失的点，我们叫它消失点，就像刚才演示一样，当你看到一个大正面对其他面都是慢慢消失一点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTbJC0o2YZLTWIEQmBtLurC"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：连接点与消失点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzlvd1VXYURilzjYofYZ0Lb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"连接消失点，画出物品的厚度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbs4ygHhFGDiSScPhtk4bQf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：连接点与消失点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/391f8e2400754ff68a68a90f4e5bcf14","width":1900},"text":"","id":"MwOyday2IoGOWCxk1c9cjcI1nub"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWKQBLa5IPVWmJ6KC9LkfLf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具1：X工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXnmi8tI8hqQxA85x2QqbId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"X工具的用途是用来找到方形的中点。如图我们看到方形a， 现在我们来看到对角线得到中心点b。 这样同理可用无限循环，找到每一个方形的中点。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnThbyvwwaDqL3nWU9fj9eac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在平面中相等，那么在透视中一样相等。因此我们在一个斜着的方形中画对角线，也可以找到在透视中的方形的中点。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0RdYuJ49ZSKdZB5kRW4Rjf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具1：X工具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/023e2769a1cd448ebdd12d286213ecf0","width":1900},"text":"","id":"UOkod2mwWoumSkxiw2wcYYdwnTb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具2：N工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn19zUExyW6bcBe4GdI70UIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果我们想在透视中画出间隔相等的物体，那么就需要这个N工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3z5kWk6oP6X8b4tc2UA6uf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：首先我们确定我们想要的间距，画出垂线，这就是距离最近方形的第一条边。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFWVX7BDX9SPdc1n08lbREg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：先用X工具，连接原有方形的对角线，这样就找到这个方形的中点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQZzi3KgqkcHZzFI8cbT43"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：从方形的中点，画出一条与透视线平行的线，与方形的边相交得到了点A。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnksuspRImMzxpiG6UR0FVwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：然后我们再从方形的端点B，延伸到点A，相较于透视线，得到了点C。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl2NkFLefCKPdaveHsJ1Guf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5：从点C出发。画一条与透视线垂直的线，我们就画出来了两个完全相同的方形。重复如此，可以得到多个相同的等距方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneJTW9Y9FQfTQt0kN44dnDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在平面中可以这么复制，在透视中也同理。 因为连接点很像是字母N，所以称之为N工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrJcgFoiGnv81eNMcFbItZc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具2：N工具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/928994deaccf48729156cb827f61d872","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Gyoed4G2ioQ6wSxidhrcYVOXn1x"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAOoCH7T8x1miUwaGISKE5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们来尝试画一个有许多柱子和吊灯的走廊。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxpLVJ4pbTgkQkHT6V8415f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：我们首先利用N工具来画柱子。确定了柱子之间的间距相同，可以画出多个柱子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5nJx77DLNQCjEEApKqqtJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：然后用X工具来画等。确定每一点灯都在格子中间部位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnh0BaVzIxlzxHTzIm4lNk9q"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：接下来添加一些细节，就完成绘画了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVu7UHpbUZzjThbidK3LWke"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6dfdb2673c234abb8f8a68beca5bc927","width":1900},"text":"","id":"AA4Uduy6eo2migxiWeDcTsEfn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具3：对角线消失点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniypOVvW1ELhsN25lwk11Pe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们在绘画固定大小的方格时，使用这个方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDSdnjr64EKxLWyeqAaV6JL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：确定视平线，与视平线上的消失点A。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRa0gsRVuQ56iEzn4tXxeZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：接着按照一点透视，连接消失点与方形的端点，确定方格大小。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncQp5vyb1SJevU3lZ1ucMsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：从方形画出对角线，延伸至视平线交叉，得到了对角线消失点B。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE0n2zGHzU1An7uLp1kF7Td"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2d94ca0fb8a64cb899b22752f805e1f6","width":1900},"text":"","id":"DWQydGKMwoaGIQxqQv1cLCK4nfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：从方形边角连接点 b ，得到了交叉点 c 和 d 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9LQwZbAxDXUZYpXiBqbSlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/efa67ace8c3545e4a1c56ece5bf56ffc","width":1900},"text":"","id":"XYC8dyeagoumAMxQlr5cYMPrnng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5：从消失点连接点d，且贯穿。从点 c 出发，横向平行画出平线线。我们就得到了在透视中完全相同的四个方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyghQUvDcai0py5SOi6sy5f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/58abb58b470448beb7695e931ddf1441","width":1900},"text":"","id":"QaYEd6Q4wok8CExgRWScUEeoneb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤6：重复这个步骤，我们就会得到无数个相同方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMJsJFaYE4wbjJLG8I8Hn6b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c281039039f4b70beff60e9c461d6ac","width":1900},"text":"","id":"CK8udIaAuo4KmOxI1ctcDfQ3nrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤7：间隔填上颜色，就画出了一个铺好的地板，我们可以把它翻转得到天花板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmCBXDQmTrMms3thtmKAG0c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/19f912dd5abd426ca25b949d2f8e9b63","width":1900},"text":"","id":"D80Md6Iw6oWs4cxcNnrcO0wXnwc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：两点透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyLdU88lzjOebFTKjCKrcKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两点透视，特点就是我们人的视线不再和物体平行，而是物体总有一个转折角对着我们。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn03fLBh5PMIdBbKPOl6RMhK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GGmUdi8cAoSigCxS7kicByeVn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：还是先画出视平线。确定消失点H和L。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1ZH6fXsDiz8pPngSr7Vkgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：画出一条垂直线。从这条线的两个端点出发，向两个消失点连线，我们就得到了方程的两个侧面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4jiKUdjixKQHs82x5aKIyb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：两点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/06635c29d27a4e51a8cd3bf81ff43053","width":1900},"text":"","id":"EiAYdy8MEoOEcaxKu1ScrquJnuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：找到顶点R和K，与消失点点连接支线。R连接H，K连接L。 这样我们就得到一个完整的两点透视方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkicBfETLwdFN0vZK2DxNOd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：两点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2aa2b433484f4e7db2ad8fae40d04c1d","width":1900},"text":"","id":"GYwmdeIK6oeIcgxIDWZcFvlOn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：其他角度均是如此。记住，所有的消失点都消失于 ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"hl","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" 两个消失点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnf3d7VTyEnHkTTSGuPn69rb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":938,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：两点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/40e7d5758a284a3eb323111e6d62b436","width":1750},"text":"","id":"doxcnRiLe66Tlw3C2FCLPz7tyub"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw7RQEX37mL5zr9P384Psae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们画画时，大部分不可能那么巧都是纯粹的两点透视、一点透视，大部分情况都会同时出现。一点透视和两点透视，一般都是共同同一条视平线。接下来我们来学习怎么画出两种透视同时存在的情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnykzuvOnE63BvVNMv574hMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：画出视平线，确定多个消失点。一个画面可以有多个消失点，但是切记视平线要始终保持不变，且只有一条。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQxbJmSkhdVcsHKdIzx0wEF"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":846,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d205a0aaaf9f4d62912aa57c380df639","width":1888},"text":"","id":"doxcnEwmdLaTbyQBTOAFNDCcnef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：按照上述教过的方法，画出多个不同的物体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl39FRhaLt1vDwCWWIyjoeh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e4520eca4cdb4b1b925112d0626cd308","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Sc2gdcSk4o6ggoxkHa2cJ7lCnXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两点透视中的X工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnr0cE2KuuzNDxh7A3kL5meg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、画出视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKNYjM3H2YmNvJlSGvq9yFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、X工具却确定中点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaOdQRRYnBmh7ug8JbRqyVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、连接中点与消失点，就可以平分长方体","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwGagMcv1NvXHQq8loJ9Rlg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2c6ae11b265486183c0cfe74543362a","width":1900},"text":"","id":"KEkQd64Soo2W2SxyQTDcQrdfnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两点透视中的对角线消失工具，与一点透视同理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjT1JH5tObJIwHV0HN13lQe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"示范练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsvDndyV6MWVsg0RvnM79Yc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dbea501642e040a39b14b49710bacc17","width":1900},"text":"","id":"W028dwOA4oWIUWxVzF8cEl9Enpt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkjL8coq1hDzK0KfYd7TMhb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntX24R3SHBmhHHKjV2O3snh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三个测试是应用在极仰和极的视角中。即是否有明显的抬头，或者低头的画面中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoVHcQx5AUDJnzaAep0TqPg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1074,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/afa3da1009434ae8af088cf445ac2aa8","width":1844},"text":"","id":"doxcnsaAjhKuSgnxRsQxke5xJ8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三点透视，有三个消失点，会形成一个三角形。正三角形是仰视，倒三角形是俯视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNXUBoNdk1XbZhJ3MbyRaEf"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8028724b1bd94131acaefdcb8f142002","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Sm4od2i4IoOIIqx4lX9cdTS6nFh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/395dff0d62014267ae7ce7c14c53bdc8","width":1900},"text":"","id":"CI6Udm0WQoiaoaxqsdvcheV4nEc"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetzuTlsOEA7m0qeqEglgce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三点透视的特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetzuTlsOEA7m0qeqEglgce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一点透视、两点透视的纵轴是垂直的，只有横轴在变化。三点和两点一点的区别在于，三点的纵轴垂直线不再是平行，而是相交于一点，形成了三个消失点。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCTzPqAlgP2KeooEag93Dbf"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1038,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/02b2b0b8f6de49589d0cf8ac43f8b435","width":1870},"text":"","id":"doxcnX2yglNzwXK7O6cJbDeUxSe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1016,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8b5d5538dc8642069d2e88fa70485f0f","width":1898},"text":"","id":"doxcnYPZO4S0JeMfVccFgH8sJ2e"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS1aQPbKYltUXKGTzSOI6od"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"N、X、对角线三工具还是同理、区别在于也是不再具有纵轴垂直线，而是全部相交于纵轴的消失点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS1aQPbKYltUXKGTzSOI6od"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/73483b1ad7ef4770afb35155e20d099e","width":1900},"text":"","id":"YcUwdW84koeMi2xcTUwcbGqfnpg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67b17c0d506c4747b9ff14d6e7149de7","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Doi4d0kqmoI6SUxKCZUcl08Onlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67b17c0d506c4747b9ff14d6e7149de7","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Doi4d0kqmoI6SUxKCZUcl08Onlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/57a9efd722d34cf88d7bb243aaa6f35c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"EysAdkWGgo42yIxEhctcpyYDnLc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/57a9efd722d34cf88d7bb243aaa6f35c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"EysAdkWGgo42yIxEhctcpyYDnLc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/672f313c3cdc460b8e1e2088f69b26ef","width":1900},"text":"","id":"OOusdS6QUocqMixQ9Odc3vXEnZc"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZrwVAvSIpwmKv0yfazaUof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第五步，正式开始作画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZrwVAvSIpwmKv0yfazaUof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：画出视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1KudFO4DbK3rlqBtibmDVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：应用对角线消失点画出地板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntGD0EKeCxmMYS50RY8HLgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：画出人体脚底板的位置，按照透视来确定脚的位置，可以避免人物浮空或者空间错位","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnORw0vYXPl0d33TvYpjEQLj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：接着画人体。把人体当做好几个几何体的组成，用N工具来确定人体大比例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndZejGfg2BM2RIxs8nBjcTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5：人体细节完善，画出线条、衣物、头发、包等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2SO3C2QaJC7p4tk7ecd8Be"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤6：同理画出其他物品，如小轿车。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnesKjpZnwcNBTGFgLQEtKkg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1012,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第五步，正式开始作画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3347b46442a64ae48aeedecbf7303504","width":1900},"text":"","id":"UIEMdUoaOoQUUUxiqOhc2iXsneg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYfZJVApJPA6nnEUN6DOOFd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：简单几何体练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7N5pG57TSMdPIQ7MvUIuXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"熟悉透视之后，需要进行几何体多角度翻滚练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzxs1NfaaiLyWkZXbPt1R9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建议每天画一百个左右，坚持两周即可。如果你时间不对，也可以每天画10~20个，需要坚持2-3个月左右。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz9WZtMTzLApMxig0FMqUhe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"方形翻滚作画示例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8mW4Xwi00rXj3fGFJ7Grig"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":836,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：简单几何体练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ee6f972defc4f7b84014eb176eef07d","width":1766},"text":"","id":"doxcn2FLeXG70xFPEaJCbCh8xDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十字方翻滚多角度作画示例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9kXrxLebrCWyPQhLvQATI5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO83K7PvJcNXevpIP1kbddg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":944,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：简单几何体练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f72e428c395e4152b641592a9fe588c9","width":1844},"text":"","id":"doxcnFBcDRCijjHdL52TnMPrAtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"方和圆组合翻滚多角度示例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzQBDLPrbO2iRbUeywmV0pf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":936,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：简单几何体练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f090580165c84eb3b6181caee5551a13","width":1776},"text":"","id":"doxcnDUavHQKMqeIFkjVzrBADtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"方和圆翻滚","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA7uYijLgIYlqxzcCBXKw5g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0oRteY3QPSVWgwoL7zuq9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接下来我们把难度升级，物体组合练习。我们要将物体转换成几何体，接着再练习方形的翻滚一样，让我们的物体翻滚起来，练习多角度绘画强迫自己在脑中建立三 d 模型的感觉，去考虑同一物体不同角度的形状特点和体积变化。这样的组合练习也需要1~2个月左右（每天如果只有1-2小时，需要练习3~4个月的时间）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEH6TW5hw8Mnn0IGQm7Aigc"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":916,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/65e74418c1ac425e8496e5e6c7a0b286","width":1816},"text":"","id":"doxcn3eazxmlyoCli6jMps3lQkg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":910,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e0048eb15281470b9b13a5f119b744ec","width":1846},"text":"","id":"doxcnGTHCOau9vNSRlCjPFDodoc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":910,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e0048eb15281470b9b13a5f119b744ec","width":1846},"text":"","id":"doxcnGTHCOau9vNSRlCjPFDodoc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":956,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fd755759b0d24b67b17217261b49749c","width":1878},"text":"","id":"doxcnjB9kbo3KrOW7mx1IuPzMef"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLipSoFgQ8qOKT9xYhktwtd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLipSoFgQ8qOKT9xYhktwtd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj0pi7xcKQq0fs4Y0FxbuNR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aZ4y1k7ze/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CAYSduEuuoMUwQxiYGecHjzTnpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、《像艺术家一样思考》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsDc4VeM19F0k7ab6Papymw"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":734,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b9ddaba65e864180b372c70db73f895f","width":606},"text":"","id":"doxcnTp1ucPivd6dqZlbaByByAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、《透视画法入门》，建议整本通读，每篇都进行临摹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWAT2F4oPk6p8KjGwumrIqc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":674,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/78ab8ab84b0c48cd924d575692e10d3d","width":670},"text":"","id":"doxcnJwYE0jy6V18X1YvETqZvBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、《贝蒂的色彩》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn07fPnU8gdF1Vmz7uUzZtFf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":568,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7cd70b6e955b4296901d43a354e60bd8","width":840},"text":"","id":"doxcnJDwGx237Z7tYa6RUvQo2Jg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、《FIGURE DRAWING》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnncfGHszvN7o6MT3GtjSrmc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":860,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d0c9dbbb768941c7a5b8a1662eddf726","width":628},"text":"","id":"doxcnJrctjsxD2zZcCKEwKAGYmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、《动态素描·人体结构》。通篇阅读，整本临摹。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpzvyKJFFu9f0z60NLX5XTh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":660,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/21c5fe224437415494773901e4b861f5","width":508},"text":"","id":"doxcn8QNDmkGmW2HORwvyoyH3xQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnagDegjMrMDEq8r1acuFfdd"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E